Scaphoid Fracture
A scaphoid fracture is a break in one of the small bones of the wrist. The scaphoid bone is located on the thumb side of the wrist. It supports the other seven bones that make up the wrist. The scaphoid bone has a poor blood supply, so it can take a long time to heal. You may need to wear a cast or splint for several months.
CAUSES
This injury is usually caused by a fall onto an outstretched hand and arm. This type of injury may also occur if you are in a motor vehicle collision and you brace yourself with your hand.
RISK FACTORS
The following factors may make you more likely to develop this condition:
• Playing contact sports.
• Skiing, skating, or rollerblading.
SYMPTOMS
Symptoms of this condition include:
• Pain, especially when grasping or
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Also, the fracture does not cause a deformity and may not limit movement.
TREATMENT
Treatment depends on the location of the fracture and whether the bone is out of place (displaced). Treatment may be surgical or nonsurgical:
• You may need a cast or splint from the middle of your forearm down to your wrist. Your thumb may be extended out and included in the cast or splint.
• While healing, your fracture may be treated with sound waves or electrical energy to stimulate healing.
• A displaced fracture may require surgery to put the pieces of bone back in proper position. Screws or wires may be used to hold the bone in place.
• You may need to do exercises (physical therapy) to restore wrist movement after your cast or splint is removed.
HOME CARE INSTRUCTIONS
If You Have a Cast:
• Do not stick anything inside the cast to scratch your skin. Doing that increases your risk of infection.
• Check the skin around the cast every day. Report any concerns to your health care provider. You may put lotion on dry skin around the edges of the cast. Do not apply lotion to the skin underneath the
Intra articular fractures of calcaneus occurs following eccentric loading of the talus on the calcaneus.(fig 5.1) The severity, type and location of fracture are determined by the position of the foot, the direction and magnitude of applied force and quality of bone 49.
The first non-operative treatment is physical therapy, which is the treatment of disease, injury, or deformity by physical methods. The methods include massages, heat treatments, and different exercises. The second non-operative treatment is ice and heat application. This method includes the use of ice and heat to stimulate blood flow and decrease swelling. The use of ice applied with compression and elevation treat patellar dislocation. (Arbuthnot, 1) In the same way, Heat is also used. Heating therapies are considered to be superficial or deep. Deep heating involves conversion of energy from one form to another within the tissues such as acoustic energy or diathermy. Superficial heating occurs by conduction such as hot pack, hot spa, and radiation. (Arbuthnot, 2) The third non-operative treatment is electrical stimulation. Electrical stimulation is a therapy that passes an electrical current to an affected area of the body. This type of stimulation alters muscle’s contractility which then increases blood flow to the tissues of the thigh. The picture below shows a patient who is receiving electrical stimulation. The fourth non-operative treatments are braces and patellar taping. Braces are used to restore proper alignment. Similarly, Patellar taping is used to provide stability for the knee. It seems to be a safe and effective way to treat patellar dislocation. (Aminaka,
All injuries are a serious matter, but upper body injuries are more delicate. “Although the majority of contusions to the most parts of the body result injuries that are self-correcting and without serious consequence, even relatively
Kyphoplasty- procedure where a balloon is inserted into the vertebrae and covered by cement, it elevates the fracture.
There are many injuries in general, but sports injuries? Sprains and Strains are the most common injuries in sports. “Sprains are injuries to ligaments, the tough bands connecting in a joint. Suddenly stretching ligaments past their limits deforms or tears them” (Hoffman 1). Ligaments are like springs in a sense that when you stretch a spring, it will return to it’s normal state unless they are
treat it as soon as possible. The injury will be diagnosed and you may need immediate medical
The arm was prepped and draped on the hand table with the patient in supine position; pneumatic brachial tourniquet was fastened. A volar approach was used with internal fixation of scaphoid fracture with Herbert screw. The incision was centered over the scaphoid’s tubercle and curved distally in to the base of thenar eminence, the flexor carpi radialis was exposed and retracted ulnarly, the radial artery was protected, the dorsal sheath of flexor carpi radialis was incised longitudinally, and pericapsular fat was divided; the anterior capsule of wrist was incised longitudinally to display the anterior surface of scaphoid. Fibrin and clots were removed from the fracture surface and after exposing the distal fragment of the scaphoid and the capitate head by traction on the hand, the proximal fragment was pushed dorsally and distal fragment pulled volarly. The fracture was then reduced and the scaphoid fracture was fixed with a screw (Herbert: Zimmer, Inc). Three k-wires were inserted from radial side of the wrist, distal to the radial styloid; two were used to stabilize the scaphoid to the lunate and the other to secure the scaphoid distal to the capitate. There were no ligamentous repair or reconstruction required. Then the wires were placed inside out, remaining one end of each wire percutaneous. Anterior part of the wire was carefully repaired and the skin was closed as routine. Then the wrist was immobilized with long arm cast for about eight weeks. The k-wires and splint were removed after eight weeks, then, physiotherapy of wrist with gentle movements started, and heavy manual activities were avoided for at least three
When a fracture happens, immediately following a hematoma forms and the blood begins to clot. As the blood clots, new blood vessels will invade the hematoma and soft callus will form around it. The hematoma is then replaced with granulation tissue and this type of tissue is a fibrous connective tissue. A bony callus will then form immediately after that and the new blood vessels will inhabit the soft callus. Osteoclasts will eventually degrade the cartilage of the soft callus and the osteoblasts will invade the soft callus. The osteoblasts replace that’s left of the granulation tissue and hyaline cartilage with a new bony matrix. Bone remolding will then start and the osteoclasts and blasts will remodel the hard callus and re-introduce the medullary cavity depending on where the break is located.
The bone healing process can be a long, annoying, time consuming process. The process has multiple stages where it forms different calluses in the gap. The callus starts out as a fracture hematoma which only lasts a few days. After it, a soft callus forms. When the callus gets more fiber and cartilage, it forms a fibrocartilaginous callus. This callus is the one the bridges the gap in the broken bone. Once more bone cells are added, the fibrocartilaginous callus turns into a bone callus. This callus is the last one and it protects the bone, so it can finish healing. Once the healing finishes the bone callus is slowly chipped away leaving you with the same bone you had before.
Fibular fractures may be complete or incomplete fractures. Fibula fractures may occur anywhere along the bone. The fracture we are trying to fixate is a complete fracture. Fractures occur when a force is placed on the bone that is greater than it can withstand, and when a fracture does occur in the fibula, it’s usually at the same time as the tibia. When only the fibula fractures, it is usually because of a direct blow to the side of the leg or an extreme sideways bend at the ankle or knee. Some other common causes of fibular fracture include, direct hit from doing contact sports such as hockey or lacrosse, stress fracture; weakening of the bone from repeated stress, or indirect injury, caused by twisting, turning quickly, or violent muscle contraction. Tripping, falling or impact during an accident are also major causes of fibular
Treatment for this condition depends on the type of ankle fracture. Stable fractures are treated with a cast or splint and then crutches to avoid putting weight on the injured ankle. This is followed by an ankle strengthening program. Unstable fractures require surgery to ensure the bones heal properly.
Hemothorax. Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2047916-overview#aw2aab6b2b4 Norvell, J. G. (2013, June 11). Tibia and Fibula Fracture Clinical Presentation. Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/826304-clinical Queensland Government.
...sh someone down while kicking the soccer ball; elbow you on the face while playing basketball, getting hit by a baseball/softball, getting tackled by another football player. These are the most common injuries in sports.
Our approach in managing wounds was far from being optimal in our own setting. After having read the article of Sibbald et al (1) and assisting to presentations during the first residential week-end, our approach at St. Mary 's Hospital Center 's Family Medicine Clinic must change. We were not classifying wounds as healable, maintenance or non-healable. We were always considering the wounds in our practice as healable despite considering the system 's restraints or the patients ' preferences. In the following lines, I will define and summarize the methods one should use in order to initial management of wounds and how to integrate it better to our site. The first goal we need to set is to determine its ability to heal. In order to ascertain if a wound is healable, maintenance or a non-healable wound.
In everyday life there are many different ways to get injured. A few ways you can get injured are; exercise, working and driving. There are also many ways to prevent injuries. Muscle balance is one of the most important ways to prevent injuries.