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Explain the psychological aspects of hypnosis
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Explain the psychological aspects of hypnosis
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Sandor appears to show multiple symptoms of PTSD as labeled in the DSM-5 when confronted with fire. To be diagnosed with PTSD a person must meet some specific requirements. The first set of requirements is to have been “expose[d] to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence in one (or more)” ways (Nolen-Hoeksema, S., 2014). Sandor directly experienced a traumatic event with fire, which led to serious injury. Half of his face was burned, giving his skin a melted appearance. Another criterion is the “presence of one (or more)…. intrusion symptoms associated with the traumatic event, beginning after the traumatic event has occurred” which in Sandor’s case would be “marked physiological reactions to...external cues that symbolize …show more content…
He freezes up, panics and flees. He also expresses a persistent avoidance of conversations associated with the traumatic event, as seen in the aforementioned conversation between Petyr Baelish and Sansa Stark. Sandor would also have to display at least two “negative alternations in cognitions and mood associated with the traumatic event,” like his repeated negative emotional state and constant inability to experience or show positive emotions in his daily life. Sandor Clegane is not known for being happy nor does he express happiness or delight unless he is killing someone. He also displays “irritable behavior and angry outbursts (with little or no provocation) typically expressed as verbal or physical aggression toward people or objects,” (Nolen-Hoeksema, S., 2014). This is evidenced by his willingness and enjoyment in killing others, and his quick to anger mood. When talking to others he becomes easily irritable, and threatening. Since these symptoms still persist to this day as an adult, and the trauma occurred in early childhood, it is safe to say that the disturbances have occurred for longer than a month. These disturbances also lead to an occupational impairment, he abandoned his job to get away from the fire, and his fear of fire cannot be blamed on other substances like alcohol or other drugs (Nolen-Hoeksema, S., …show more content…
One such approach would be hypnotherapeutic techniques. This technique’s efficacy has not been decided by psychologists because this technique has “only recently been empirically studied,” (O'toole, S. K., Solomon, S. L., & Bergdahl, S. A., 2016). Hypnosis has shown to be effective in case studies involving Vietnam and Korean War veterans with PTSD, however they are “less compelling”. The study with hypnosis was shown to have a decrease in PTSD symptoms after treatment. Avoidance was shown to decrease drastically which would be helpful with Sandor Clegane’s symptoms (O'toole, S. K., Solomon, S. L., & Bergdahl, S. A.,
PTSD is a battle for everyone who is diagnosed and for the people close to them. The only way to fight and win a battle is to understand what one is fighting. One must understand PTSD if he or she hopes to be cured of it. According to the help guide, “A positive way to cope with PTSD is to learn about trauma and PTSD”(Smith and Segal). When a person knows what is going on in his or her body, it could give them better control over their condition. One the many symptoms of PTSD is the feeling of helplessness, yet, knowing the symptoms might give someone a better sense of understanding. Being in the driver’s seat of the disorder, can help recognize and avoid triggers. Triggers could be a smell, an image, a sound, or anything that could cause an individual to have a flashback of the intimidating event. Furthermore, knowing symptoms of PTSD could, as well, help one in recovering from the syndrome. For instance, a person could be getting wor...
- If all of the options were explored, and patient is given antibiotics and is treated without any pain or suffering than the treatment identifies with the ethnical principles of autonomy, non-maleficence, and veracity. In turn, Mrs. Dawson will be happy with the outcome of the procedure.
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), originally associated with combat, has always been around in some shape or form but it was not until 1980 that it was named Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and became an accredited diagnosis (Rothschild). The fact is PTSD is one of many names for an old problem; that war has always had a severe psychological impact on people in immediate and lasting ways. PTSD has a history that is as long and significant as the world’s war history - thousands of years. Although, the diagnosis has not been around for that long, different names and symptoms of PTSD always have been. Some physical symptoms include increased blood pressure, excessive heart rate, rapid breathing, muscle tension, nausea, diarrhea, problems with vision, speech, walking disorders, convulsive vomiting, cardiac palpitations, twitching or spasms, weakness and severe muscular cramps. The individual may also suffer from psychological symptoms, such as violent nightmares, flashbacks, melancholy, disturbed sleep or insomnia, loss of appetite, and anxieties when certain things remind them such as the anniversary date of the event (Peterson, 2009).
The procedures leading to the acquisition and elimination of agoraphobia are based on a number of behavioural principles. The underlying principle is that of classical conditioning. Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus (Weiten, 1998). Eliminating agoraphobia is basically achieving self-control through behaviour modification. Behaviour modification is systematically changing behaviour through the application of the principles of conditioning (Weiten, 1998). The specific principle used here is systematic desensitisation. The two basic responses displayed are anxiety and relaxation, which are incompatible responses. Systematic desensitisation works by reconditioning people so that the conditioned stimulus elicits relaxation instead of anxiety. This is called counterconditioning. Counterconditioning is an attempt to reverse the process of classical conditioning by associating the crucial stimulus with a new conditioned response (Weiten, 1998). This technique's effectiveness in eliminating agoraphobia is well documented.
The article under review is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the DSM-5: Controversy, Change, and Conceptual Considerations by Anushka Pai, Alina M. Suris, and Carol S. North in Behavioral Sciences. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental health problem that some people develop after experiencing or witnessing a life-threatening event, like combat, a natural disaster, a car accident, or sexual assault (U.S. Department VA, 2007). PTSD can happen to anyone and many factors can increase the possibility of developing PTSD that are not under the person’s own control. Symptoms of PTSD usually will start soon after the traumatic event but may not appear for months or years later. There are four types of symptoms of PTSD but may show in different
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, also known as PTSD, is an anxiety disorder that can develop after a traumatic event (Riley). A more in depth definition of the disorder is given by Doctor’s Nancy Piotrowski and Lillian Range, “A maladaptive condition resulting from exposure to events beyond the realm of normal human experience and characterized by persistent difficulties involving emotional numbing, intense fear, helplessness, horror, re-experiencing of trauma, avoidance, and arousal.” People who suffer from this disease have been a part of or seen an upsetting event that haunts them after the event, and sometimes the rest of their lives. There are nicknames for this disorder such as “shell shock”, “combat neurosis”, and “battle fatigue” (Piotrowski and Range). “Battle fatigue” and “combat neurosis” refer to soldiers who have been overseas and seen disturbing scenes that cause them anxiety they will continue to have when they remember their time spent in war. It is common for a lot of soldiers to be diagnosed with PTSD when returning from battle. Throughout the history of wars American soldiers have been involved in, each war had a different nickname for what is now PTSD (Pitman et al. 769). At first, PTSD was recognized and diagnosed as a personality disorder until after the Vietnam Veterans brought more attention to the disorder, and in 1980 it became a recognized anxiety disorder (Piotrowski and Range). There is not one lone cause of PTSD, and symptoms can vary from hallucinations to detachment of friends and family, making a diagnosis more difficult than normal. To treat and in hopes to prevent those who have this disorder, the doctor may suggest different types of therapy and also prescribe medication to help subside the sympt...
PTSD is defined as mental health disorder triggered by a terrifying event (Mayoclinic). This ordeal could be the result of some sort of physical harm or threat to the individual, family members, friends or even strangers. (NIMH) While PTSD is typically associated with someone who has served in the military, it can affect more than just that genre of individuals. It could affect rape victims, victims in a terrorist or natural disaster incident, nurses, doctors, and police and fire personnel and bystanders. PTSD can manifest itself in many forms. The primary signs and symptoms of PTSD include but are not limited to re-experiencing symptoms (flashbacks, bad dreams, frightening thoughts), avoidance of places, situations, or events that may cause those memories to resurface, and hyperarousal symptoms (easily startled, feeling tense or on edge) (NIMH). Other symptoms may include not having positive or loving feelings toward other people, staying away from relationships, may forget about parts of the traumatic event or not be able to talk about them, may think the world is completely dangerous, and no one can be trusted.
Throughout the book there are many examples of these horrific events. "Three guns open fire close beside us. The bursting of flame shoots across the fog, the guns roar and boom. We shiver and are glad to think that we shall be back in the huts early in the morning” (Remarque 54). This quote relays the imagery of the battlefield and being on the front all the time. How they longed for protection and the comfort of the huts. This simple event in Paul’s life could have caused PTSD. Another quote from the novel also shows another event that could have caused Post- traumatic stress disorder "These hours .... The gurgling starts again- but how slowly a man dies ! For this I know- he cannot be saved, I have, indeed, tried to tell myself that he will not be, but at noon this pretence breaks down and melts before his groans. If only I had not lost my revolver crawling about, I would shoot him, stab him I cannot" (Remarque 182). Seeing someone die after a long time of suffering is a very traumatic experience which could definitely lead to PTSD. Many events like these occur during many wars. This is why soldiers often suffer from the symptoms of PTSD. The symptoms of PTSD occur soon after the event or develop weeks, months, or, rarely, years later. They may include: Involuntary thoughts about the experience and repeated reliving of events, daytime flashbacks of the event, panic attacks with symptoms such as shortness of breath and fainting, avoidance of reminders of the event and refusal to discuss it, sleep disturbance and nightmares, poor concentration, and irritability (Post- traumatic stress disorder). With the help of the treatment provided to the patients affected by Post- traumatic stress disorder they can live happy normal lives granted they do not experience another traumatic event
Those who struggle with the disorder has been left with an impaired state of life. Known for causing social, occupational, and physically debilitating symptoms, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder causes life long problems. "I survived, but it 's not a happy ending"(O 'Brien 61) .Those who are diagnosed with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder have to come to terms with their experiences, they have to learn to understand what happened and forgive themselves for it. Even after acceptance of their situation, triggers can cause a relapse into the depression or anxiety related to PTSD can occur. Triggers, something that sets off an attack, can be anything from a load noise to a someone rubbing you the wrong way. In O 'Brien 's case, a load noise may cause him to flash back to throwing the grenade. While someone aggressively talking to Jensen could cause him to be insecure with his surroundings and become fearful sending him into a
There are many different causes of PTSD such as sexual abuse, sudden death of a loved one, and war. Trauma affects people in different ways, some can develop it from watching a fellow soldier being killed, and some can develop it from losing their jobs or a divorce. Being diagnosed with PTSD is a difficult process because there are many other psychological disorders whose symptoms can overlap and are very similar. An important fact to remember is that PTSD doesn’t just affect the person suffering; it can also have secondhand effects on their spouses, children, parents, friends, co-workers, and other loved ones. Although there is no direct cure, there are many treatment and alternative treatment options to assist them in moving forward after a trauma.
He has experience a level of impairment for more than two weeks. Conrad shows signs of PTSD, which includes the re-experiencing the traumatic event, of the accident and sustained a high level of anxiety, with recurrent nightmares about his brother’s death.
The whole of cognitive behavioral therapy is quite vast, with a number of different approaches and techniques that ultimately intend to accomplish the same goals. As a therapeutic device, it has proven quite successful in helping diminish phobias, overcome anxiety disorders, and relieve the symptoms of
According to the American Psychological Association, trauma is an emotional response to a terrible event. Some terrible events that happen all too often are rape, natural disasters or an accident. Immediately following the event shock and denial are likely to occur, but in the long-term flashbacks, unpredictable emotions and troubled relationships can arise. Defining emotional trauma on a child. Emotional trauma in a child can be created by bullying, emotional abuse, death of loved ones, separation from parent, or chaos and dysfunction in the household. Child symptoms of trauma can be very similar to depression symptoms. They can over sleep or sleep to little, unexplained anger, trouble focusing, obsessive worrying and some anxiety. How a child experiences an event and how it’s handled by those around him have an effect on how traumatizing it can be, notes Dr. Jerry Bubrick (Child Mind Institute , 2017). People grieve at different speeds and the way the child grieves is not the correct indicator on how the child will cope later. Defining physical trauma on a child. Physical trauma on a child is considered non-accidental or the cause of physical injury. Some households that suffer from alcoholism/substance abuse and anger issues have higher occurrences of child abuse as compared to households without according to psychology today. Sometimes kids that are abused are unaware that they are being abused and are victims of child
Through focused strategic planning, company acquisitions, market responsiveness, product diversification to meet the needs of local and international clientele, as well as strong local and export marketing, Seprod has grown to include several subsidiaries (Seprod Limited, 2014). The subsidiaries include firms such as Caribbean Products Company Limited, Serge Island Dairies Limited, Serge Island Farms Limited, Belvedere Limited, Golden Grove Sugar Company Limited, Jamaica Grain & Cereals Limited, International Biscuits Limited and Industrial Sales Limited
Clinical hypnosis would help the narrator by accessing this memories hidden deep within his mind. Another thing it can help him with his control his problems, like his anger. Also by mixing the two treatments, the period where the two alters fuse will be a lot easier. I feel the narrator could improve a lot in time if he sticks with the treatments. Also, not abusing any drugs before hand helps a lot, since we will not need to waste any time weaning him off the