Lab report Q1) Saliva has many important functions in mammals and birds and there are distinct differences in the salivary glands of some species. Describe the anatomical location of the buccal salivary glands in ruminants and describe the function of saliva in the ruminant digestive system. [15 marks] A./ The buccal salivary glands are best developed in the cow. They are arranged into three rows, the dorsal buccal glands, the middle (or lateral) buccal glands and the ventral buccal glands. The dorsal buccal glands are located on the surface of the buccinator muscle. The buccinator muscle lies in front of the masseter muscle which is located on the caudal side of the mandible. The dorsal buccal glands are found below the depresser labii maxillaris muscle (this is the muscle that helps to depress the lips) between the superior labial artery, superior labial vein and the dorsal buccal nerve. …show more content…
http://horsetalk.co.nz/2015/08/06/horses-rich-range-facial-expressions/#ixzz3r5T3VIUi . The facial muscles of the horse. Photo: PLOS ONE/ doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0131738.g001 The ventral buccal glands were located on the lateral aspect of horizontal ramus of mandible, dorsal to ventral buccal nerve and ventral to the buccinator nerve and inferior labial vein. The mandible can be divided into the body and the ramus. anatomy of buccal and labial glands in sheep, A.D. Singh, R.K. Jain and Pawan Kumar, Department of Veterinary Anatomy,...... (nabrown
Forensic Science Introduction: Someone in a restaurant has suddenly fallen ill and a mystery powder has been discovered with the victim. As the chief investigator, your duty is to identify the mystery substance through a lab. In this lab, it will consist of five known compounds and one unknown compound. Your job is to distinguish which one out of the five substances is the mystery powder. To figure out the mystery matter you will have to compare their physical and chemical properties and match them with the appropriate compound.
If you put the gummy bear in Vinegar it will not get bigger also if you buy it in the baking soda it will also not get bigger. The water will make the gummy bear get bigger because of the material that it made by the gummy bear.
mucous layer of the organs in the digestive tract by means of enzymes and acids.
Lipid metabolism is one source of energy for the human body. We eat food containing one form of lipids, triacylglycerols. Before starting lipid metyabolism, these fats get broken down into droplets by bile salts.Triacylglycerols can be broken into fatty acids plus glycerol via hydrolysis with the help of the pancreatic lipase enzymen and then get used by cells for energy by breaking down even further. Once the pancreas and cells have enough energy and don’t need to absorb anymore, fatty acids get synthesized back into triacylgleryols. The excess triacylglycerols get stored in adipose tissue. Excess storage leads to weight gain and obesity.
Saliva is a watery liquid that is produced by the salivary glands (Martini et al., 2015). There are three pairs of salivary gland; the parotid, sublingual and submandibular. Each of these glands have different cellular structure and produces saliva with slightly different content that preforms different functions (Martini et al., 2015). The parotid salivary glands which is the largest produce a serous excretion that contains high amounts of salivary amylase which helps in the breakdown of complex carbohydrates. The sublingual salivary glands produces mucous excretion that functions as a lubricant and buffer (Martini et al., 2015). The submandibular salivary glands produces mucin which is a combination of buffers and glycoproteins, salivary amylase is also released. Each gland releases their products through their respective ducts into the buccal cavity or mouth. Saliva itself consist 99.4% of water and the 0.6% left are buffers, electrolytes, mucins, enzymes and antibodies (Martini et al., 2015). Sugar, Na+ and Cl- are in low concentration and this is to prevent interference with the sense of taste (Calhoun & Eibling, 2006).
The horse being a hindgut fermenter means is a simple single chambered stomach. The horses stomach is really small compared to the size of the animal, it only makes up 10% of the capacity of the horses digestive system. The horse’s stomach is small as the horse tends to eat small amount every couple of hours, which means they are Foragers. In the horse’s stomach the food is mixed with pepsin; this is an enzyme which helps to break down proteins; hydrochloric acids which will help to break down solid particles. Also in the horse’s stomach are bacteria which help to produce lactic acid. Whereas the cow is a ruminant which means they have a four compartment stomach. The cow has 4 chambers of the stomach theses are called rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum. The cow can also re-chew its food this is also known as chewing the cud. The rumen is the largest of the four compartments; this compartment is divided in to several sacs. It can hold up to 25 gallons of water depending on the cow. The rumen acts as the storage vat for food; this is because of the size of the rumen. The rumen absorbs volatile fatty acids and some other product which digestion has increases by the good blood supply to the walls of rumens. The PH value of the rumen is 6-7. The reticulum is a pouch like structure in the front part of the cow’s body cavity. It lies very close to the cow’s heart. It has a honeycomb appearance. In here there is no enzymes
there are about 70-118 groves along the throat which help with sending out water from the
Mouth- Digestion begins in the mouth. Physical actions, such as chewing, breaks food into small parts so it can be easily digested. Next, salivary glands secrete an enzyme called saliva to mix with food to start the breaking down of carbohydrates (WebMD (2).) From the mouth, food travels to the pharynx, or throat, by swallowing,
The main similarity between minks and humans in the digestive system is that they both serv...
Digestion: Their teeth are not used for ripping/grinding down food like humans. They use the teeth to grab and drag their prey or to drown them and then swallow them whole. The food is slowly broken down with stomach acids and released to the intestine and released from the cloaca (they don’t have a bladder so it just goes straight out the cloaca which is an opening to the outside of their body)
-Common pattern exostosis usually located above the mylohyoid line adjacent to the bicuspids. Typically bilateral and consist of lamellar bone with an occasional overlay of cancellous bone. Some believe it’s hereditary with an increased prevalence in early adult males who possess increase masticatory stresses. Some tori have been known to resorb and remodel as stresses decrease with age. Treatment is not necessary unless it interferes with prosthetic appliances.
During the oral preparatory phase, the bolus enters the mouth, and stimulates the touch, temperature and taste receptors of the tongue and oropharynx (Groher, 2010). The receptors on the tongue provide information regarding volume, viscosity and taste and assist with oroproprioception (Logemann, 2014). The sensation of food within the mouth results in the secretion of saliva. Saliva helps break down the bolus. The motor movement of the oral preparatory phase varies depending up to consistency of the bolus.
LAB REPORT 1st Experiment done in class Introduction: Agarose gel electrophoresis separates molecules by their size, shape, and charge. Biomolecules such as DNA, RNA and proteins, are some examples. Buffered samples such as glycerol and glucose are loaded into a gel. An electrical current is placed across the gel.
Mold is a member of the fungi family. Since mold is part of the fungi family, it cannot use the sun to obtain energy. This means that mold has to use other plants or animals to grow. Even though they cannot see them, there are millions of mold spores in the air. These spores settle down and start to multiply which can be done rapidly or slowly as long as it has a food source. Mold usually grows best in warm environments, but it can still grow in cold environments also. Mold can cause illness such as vomiting or feeling nauseated when it is eaten or when it smells bad.
Perhaps one of the most visible animal body defense mechanism is the sharp teeth found in carnivores. Other than their usual use in tearing and chewing meat, sharp teeth are used in defense. The presence of large te...