Sacrifice On The Eastern Front Film Analysis

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Soviet reporters and documentarists filming footage on the Eastern Front provided the world some of its first images of the Holocaust. However, in these images, Nazi crimes against Jews were most often presented as crimes against Soviets—the anti-Semitic dimension ignored and instead presented as anti-Sovietism. Although there were roughly three million Jews murdered within the Soviet Union’s borders, the Soviet’s active suppression of the anti-Semitic factor of Nazi atrocities relegated the Holocaust within the Soviet Union to being an unrecognised event. As a result, the Holocaust within the Soviet Union was absorbed into the greater narrative of Soviet sacrifice on the Eastern Front. This non-recognition of the Holocaust also extended to …show more content…

However, the racial aspect of the crimes uncovered in Rostov, such as a mass execution of the town’s Jewish residents during the first few days of occupation, remained obscured in the Soviet press. Furthermore, during the liberation, the piles of discarded bodies discovered throughout Rostov, composed primarily of the thousand Jewish victims of a week-long execution spree, were presented by the press as a Soviet tragedy with no direct reference to the racial motivation behind the crimes. Similar censorship of anti-Semitic motivation occurred in the footage of atrocities discovered during the liberations of Livny, Kerch and Barvenkovo, and even eventually in Soviet documentation of the death camps throughout Poland. Furthermore, in the popular 1942 Soviet documentary Defeat of the Germans near Moscow, a section of the film depicting the remnants of liberated towns around Moscow has the narrator state the citizens had been attacked out of ‘hatred toward our Soviet people’, ignoring the overwhelming Jewish death toll in most towns. As a result of Soviet efforts throughout the war to portray German atrocities as ethnically nonspecific, Olga Gershenson notes the Soviet Union remains conspicuously absent from the overall picture of the Holocaust …show more content…

Frank Gruner suggests that evidence of this anti-Semitism is found in the amount of ‘countless Soviet citizens [that] were prepared to assist in one way or another from the very beginning of the German occupation in carrying out the mass murders of the Jewish population.’ Gruner goes on to further document multiple occurrences of internal violence directed against Jews in the Soviet Union between 1941 and 1946. He later concludes however on the difficulty in pinpointing specific events as evidence for widespread anti-Semitism given the propensity for internal unrest in all areas of the Soviet Union during this time. The extent to which Stalin himself was an anti-Semite is another contested area of Soviet history, although Stalin’s ‘anti-cosmopolitan’ campaigns of the late 1940’s are often pointed to as evidence of his overt anti-Semitism. The term ‘cosmopolitan’ was paired with ‘rootless’, and increasingly took on an anti-Semitic tone under Stalin’s russification of the Soviet Union. Often derogatorily labelled as rootless cosmopolitans, Soviet Jews became increasingly portrayed as being ‘anti-patriotic’ and therefore a source of weakness to Soviet

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