There is a health crisis in America. Today there are more overweight Americans than ever. According to the Center for Disease Control, in 2013 over seventy percent of Americans over the age of 20 were overweight (CDC, 2017). For many, the answer to this issue is weight loss surgery. The weight loss surgery, Roux-en-Y (RNY) can have major health and emotional effects, both positive and negative, and requires lifestyle adjustments including changes in both diet and in the patient’s physical activity. However, if the individual follows the diet and nutritional requirements, as well as incorporating an exercise routine, the result of the surgery can be truly life transforming. Of the seventy percent of American’s who are overweight, over half …show more content…
Developed in the 60’s by Drs. Mason and Ito, Roux-en-Y has become the gold standard in WLS with approximately 45,000 RNY procedures performed in 2015 (Estimate of Bariatric Surgery Numbers, 2011-2015, 2016). With RNY, the vast majority of the stomach is separated, leaving a thumb-sized pouch. As a result, this greatly decreases the amount of food the patient is able to consume. The residual stomach and first segment of small intestine are bypassed via a Y limb. By bypassing part of the small intestines, fewer calories and nutrients are absorbed (The American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, 2004). This advance in surgical weight loss treatment has offered thousands hope for a more normal and healthy …show more content…
Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and sleep apnea are just some of the medical conditions that often show improvement or remission following a RNY. While not all people with diabetes or high blood pressure are obese, nearly all obese people have these health conditions (American Diabetes Association, 2015). For many obese Type 2 diabetics, a RNY successfully puts their disease in remission (McGRAW & Wool, 2015). The reasons for this are twofold. First, because the stomach is smaller, caloric intake decreases greatly. In addition, after a RNY, the small intestine begins to produce a molecule called GLUT-1 that helps the body use glucose. What is so amazing about this is that GLUT-1 is not normally present in the small intestine of adults, but only in the fetus (Heitz, 2013). Patients often leave the hospital in totally off
In early March 2014, John Brady and Mary Lyn Schuh met with Lisa to discuss the importance of funding to several JDRF programs. The discussion focused on importance of glucose control in pregnancy, AP and encapsulation, and diabetes prevention. Lisa seemed the most interested in JDRF’s diabetes prevention efforts. In 1999, following the death of Lisa’s uncle, the...
During the year 1889, two researchers, Joseph Von Mering and Oskar Minkowski, discovered the disease that is known today as diabetes. Diabetes is a disease in which the insulin levels (a hormone produced in unique cells called the islets of Langerhans found in the pancreas) in the bloodstream are irregular and therefore affect the way the body uses sugars, as well as other nutrients. Up until the 1920’s, it was known that being diagnosed with diabetes was a death sentence which usually affected “children and adults under 30.” Those who were diagnosed were usually very hungry and thirsty, which are two of the symptoms associated with diabetes. However, no matter how much they ate, their bodies wouldn’t be able to use the nutrients due to the lack of insulin.
Bariatrics is the branch of medicine that focuses on the causes, prevention, and treatment of obesity. Bariatric surgery is a specific discourse community connecting individuals through mutual interests, shared knowledge, and expertise of treating obese populations. The field of bariatrics is a discourse community with several purposes. It encourages innovative surgical and nonsurgical solutions in obesity care. It formulates hypotheses and develops and conducts experimental designs to test the hypotheses’ reliability and validity. Furthermore, it aims to stimulate discussion about its findings.
Obesity remains an extremely serious issue worldwide. Once considered a problem for wealthier counties, overweight and obesity are now dramatically increasing in low and middle income countries (WHO, 2011). In American, the rates of obesity continue to soar. CDC (2009) recognizes obesity as a risk factor for diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and other health problems. According to NHANES over two-thirds of the US are overweight or obese, and over one-third are obese (CDC, 2009). Treatment for this illness varies; it may include the incorporation of diet, exercise, behavior modification, medication, and surgery. Since there is no single cause of all overweight and obesity, there is no single way to prevent or treat overweight and obesity that will help everyone (CDC, 2009).
The incidence of Type 2 diabetes is growing rapidly. There were approximately 2.4 million type 2 diabetics in Canada in 2008/09 (Public Health Agency of Canada [PHAC], 2011), and another 5 million Canadians over the age of 20 with prediabetes in 2004(PHAC, 2011). It is upon this group with prediabetes that this paper will focus. Prediabetes has been defined by the American Diabetes Association as blood glucose levels which are above the normal range but do not meet the criteria for a diagnosis of diabetes (The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. American Diabetic Association, 2003). While the World Health Organization (World Health Organization [WHO], 2006) uses different cut offs for both impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) the definition remains the same. That is that prediabetes is the state which lies between normal values and those which meet the criterion of a diagnosis of diabetes. While these two definitions differ in some aspects there is general agreement (Lindstrom et al., 2006; Norris et al., 2005; Pan et al., 1997) that it is in this stage of the disease that type 2 diabetes can be reversed. Multiple studies have demonstrated the reversal of a prediabetic state to a normoglyceamic state (Norris et al., 2005). This prediabetic state can precede type 2 diabetes itself by years. It is on this we can focus our attention and effort in to stem the tide of diabetes. This prediabetic state has been shown to be susceptible to several interventions- exercise and diet as well as pharmacological measures. Key amongst these various interventions is the control of the hyperglycemic state and increased sensitization of cells to glucose and pr...
17. E. Ryan et al., "Glycemic Outcome Post Islet Transplantation," Abstract #33-LB, Annual Meeting of the American Diabetes Association, June 24, 2001. See: http://38.204.37.95/am01/AnnualMeeting/Abstracts/NumberResults.asp?idAbs=33-LB.
In the larger picture, weight loss surgeries have become “the fast food” response to weight loss demands by the public. In my opinion, many patients are using weight loss surgeries as the weight loss mean rather than their own self-control and self-discipline; instead of for use by those who couldn’t lose weight by any other way. Unfortunately, not all the participants need the weight loss surgeries, and not all receive a long lasting benefit from the surgeries. As obesity spikes nationwide, so does the use (and potential abuse by overuse) of surgical procedures for weight loss.
Preoperative concerns are primarily focused around the specific medical conditions of each patient. As anesthesia is intricately tailored to patient specific requirements, it is of central importance that all factors are taken into consideration before surgery. This is especially true for the obese, who are likely to suffer from comorbidities (having more than one disease). Metabolic syndrome, a collective set of ...
After paying $6,000 for a liposuction procedure, there is still a good chance that the fat can grow back, therefore making the liposuction surgery useless. Liposuction is a temporary fix that should not be assumed to be permanent by the patient. Even after the patients have the surgery, if they were overweight before, they are still overweight (Rowland, 1998, p.3). Besides the chance that the fat cells can return, the patient can put his or her health in jeopardy if exc...
Weight loss, in the perspective of medicine, health, or physical fitness, is a decrease in the total body mass, due to a mean loss of fluid, body fat or adipose tissue and/or lean mass, namely bone mineral deposits, muscle, tendon, and other connective tissue. It can occur unintentionally due to an underlying disease or can arise from a conscious effort to improve an actual or perceived overweight or obese state. The search for the ideal weight loss operation began more than 50 years ago because exercise and diet alone are apparently ineffective in treating people with extreme and excessive obesity. Surgical pioneers expanded modern procedures that at first produced malabsorption, then constrained volume intake, and finally combined both systems. Discrepancies, adjustments, and revisions of these innovative procedures, combined with concentrated efforts to go after and file results, have led to the growth and progress of modern bariatric surgery.
Obesity doctor Alwin Lewis’ “Five Bite” diet promises that it will help people to lose up to 15 pounds in a single week. Dr. Lewis’ diet requires the patient/person to skip breakfast and only eat five bites of whatever food they are eating for lunch and dinner. The person may not drink beverages with calories, the person must consume a multivitamin, and also ensure that there is protein in the 10 bite a day diet. The main appeal of the diet is that the person is allowed to eat any food she or he desires, as long as it's strictly five bites per meal. The Five Bite Diet’s origins can be found in the assigned meal regimens of gastric bypass patients post surgery. Dr. Lewis observed gastric bypass patients’ post surgery diets that limited them to five bites per meal. Lewis tried this on himself and saw positive results and then tried it on patients and saw positive results. This diet is extremely casual and convenient, it can be marketed towards various different groups of people. The trade off that comes with the Five Bite diet being easily marketable is that it is also easily mistaken as scientifically proven or backed. Dr. Lewis’ diet gained a lot of publicity after he appeared on the Doctor Oz show to discuss it.
More than 40,000 people a year are so desperate to lose weight they turn to the controversial, sometimes life-threatening surgery such as Gastric Bypass. I will be explaining what the surgery entitles, disadvantages vs. advantages. And most important, is Gastric bypass surgery the right choice when considering the risks. The most common form of “stomach stapling” is gastric bypass. In this procedure, a small pouch is formed in the stomach and stapled shut. The small intestine is then cut and stapled onto the pouch, shrinking the stomach’s ability to take in food. The technique involves removing a section of the stomach and rearranging the small bowel to divert bile and pancreatic secretions away from the food stream. Fats and starches flow through without being absorbed. In order to be a candidate for the surgery, patients must be considered morbidly obese or at least 100 pounds overweight. Before an individual gets the go-ahead, he or she meets with doctors and psychologists to rule out all other ways of help. Surgery may sound like the best option for a morbidly overweight person, but a small figure comes at a high price. There are health risks and the side effects can be fatal. Three people will die during every 1,000 procedures, according to the ASBS. Let me tell you about more disadvantages. More than one-third of obese patients who have gastric surgery develop gallstones. Nearly one in three develop nutritional deficiencies. Patients could also be at risk for anemia, osteoporosis and metabolic bone disease.
Previous studies revealed that the link to reversing type 2 diabetes is a change in weight. Remarks from Dr. Roy Taylor: This is a radical change in our understanding of Type 2 diabetes,” said Dr. Roy Taylor, a professor at Newcastle University in England and the study’s senior author. “If we can get across the message that ‘yes, this
As a result, too much of glucose are present in the blood especially right after eating. The blood sugar level is kept high, and the liver continues to break down glycogen despite the glucose already saturating the blood. In a study published Thursday in the journal Cell Metabolism, researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis proposed a new drug that has the potential to treat patients with type 2 diabetes. The research team believes that making the body more sensitive to insulin is not the only way to cure the disease. One may also limit the production of glucose from the liver to minimize the concentration of sugar in the blood.
Everyone wants to lose weight quickly and effortlessly; therefore, any fad diet promising overnight results becomes the new "call" of the "bandwagoneer." She tries the grapefruit diet or the watermelon diet, but she decides her stomach cannot possibly deal with all of that fruit. The next day the television advertises a new wonder pill that allows the user to lose up to ten pounds in one week, and the "bandwagoneer" answers the "call." Although the magic pill does not produce the desired weight loss, she never gives up hope for a new "wagon" to hitch onto. Once again, this dieter is lured by advertisements of instant spot reduction--liposuction. She crosses over the safety line into a danger zone of unknown procedures, performed by unqualified physicians. Some dieters lose their lives in the search for a beautiful body. The stomach staple is another dieting tool that dieters try. The staple yields a large weight loss, but the dieter endangers her health because of excess loss of body fluids. The "bandwagoneer" is always listening for the newest cure on the dieting market.