Roman triumphal processions can be traced back to Romulus, who established the triumph as the highest honor granted to a general successful in military conquest. By the end of the Republic, triumphs shifted from ritual (traditionally as a way to cleanse the victors of guilt blood with a sacrificial offering to Jupiter) to an illustration of power and pageantry.1 Augustus proclaimed imperial status to the triumphs, coveting their ostentatious glory for the empire. Augustus also condensed the length of the triumph from several days to just one.2 During the period of the Principate (27BC-284 AD) and into early Late Empire (4th century AD), triumphal processions controlled movement through the city, utilizing specific roadways and triumphal architecture to create a pageantry of art and power.
Circling from the Circus Maximus to Capitoline hill, the triumph itself was restrained by the natural topography of the city but modified in accordance with specific monuments built along the triumphal route over time. By end of the third century AD, Rome was filled with triumphal architectural monuments as emperors erected arches, temples, and other grand structures to commemorate their military victories. These triumphal structures were built with the locational purpose of being integrated in the original pathway of the procession. Thus, a control of triumphal movement was established with the further development of triumphal architecture.
The triumphator and his men would depart from their quarters at the Campus Martius on the day of the triumph. They would enter the city for the first time since their return from war as victors through the Porta Triumphalis, also known as the Triumphal Gate. This structure, whose exact date and location rema...
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...uenced the placement of triumphal architectural monuments. The triumphal route emerged as a model of control of movement as a result of engaging with specific pathways. The increase of triumphal architecture during the Roman Empire shifted the function of the triumph, the triumphal route, and the conscious experiences for the triumphators and spectators. Triumphs were a reminder of the wealth and the power of Rome, and served to educate the spectators about the foreign lands Rome had conquered through display of their art and captives.16 Long after the final splendor, the spectacle of the triumph lived through the arches and other triumphal monuments. Today, evidence of these extravagant processions can be found in literature, reliefs on monuments, and other triumphal arches that spurred from the Roman’s display of victory in cities like Paris, New York, and London.
In Rome the buildings were constructed under Roman Empire. The Roman Colosseum was constructed between 69 to 79 CE by the Vespasian emperor, The Circus Maximum was built in the 2nd century B.C by the high emperor, in 31 B.C the fire destroyed it that led Emperor Augustus to rebuild the Circus in 82 AD, Ludus Magnus was a gladiatorial training school in Rome and it was originally built between 81-96AD by Emperor Domitian. The emperor’s theme was large public stone buildings that would bring the people of Rome together and also the emperor was rich and they had manpower. The emperors also patron towards the workers and also to prove that they are the great leaders. The emperors had money, a lot of workers to build the buildings to the Emperor’s satisfaction. The buildings were used by the public as entertainment where they would go and watch all sorts of races & fights.
Gladiatorial games occupied a central role in society. Sponsored during the republic by rich magistrates and later in the Empire by the Emperors themselves, the games have long been called an election tool.
...m. This huge circular arena was the pinnacle of the Roman Gladiatorial games, and though it isn't fully intact, it is a great reminder of ancient culture. Though today these games seem inhumane and unnecessary, to their ancient culture it was a vacation from everyday stress. Even the Emperor was said to understand that though money and grain would satisfy and individual, large spectacles were necessary for the contentment of the masses' (wes civ).
History accounts for most of what our world is made up of today and to this day we have grown from what has occurred in the past. Back in 80 CE, a monumental amphitheater was created, in Rome. This amphitheater was to act as an entertainment hub where people would watch all kinds of games and sports. It was the Roman Empire’s central stage for gladiatorial combats and the wild beast hunts. It was ultimately meant to distract and socially control the public. In this paper, many aspects of this great amphitheater will be discussed. Some of items include historical/cultural aspects, aesthetic philosophy, period genres, stylistic traits and technical terms, biographical information and specific compositions. These aspects will be separated into 6 parts and thoroughly discussed.
... hundreds of years after the empire’s fall. In Washington D.C., the use of columns, arches, and domes is a common theme in most political buildings, as well as domestic homes. Christianity is now a widely adopted religion, practiced by approximately thirty-three percent of the entire world’s population. Justinian’s codification of Roman law can still be compared with legal and justice systems from around the world, especially in western civilization. The idea that Rome actually fell and that Rome had been killed is horribly wrong, for today, as vividly as yesterday; as true as the promise of tomorrow’s rising sun - Rome lives on. In the subtle curve of an elegant column, in the chromatic dazzle of a church’s stained glass window, and in the crack of a judge’s mallet, bringing justice to all those our mighty nation gives promise to protect and serve, Rome survives.
Scott, Foreman and Company, 1903. Kohne, Eckhart and Cornelia Ewigleben, eds., pp. 113-117. Gladiators and Caesars: The Power of Spectacle in Ancient Rome. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. Meijer, Fik (Liz Waters, trans.).
Architecture is the staple of the struggle of one’s people, the height of one’s success and the motivation to conquer when one is defeated. It reveals more about one’s people than what the entire populace is able to utter in words and symbols. Architecture has the most influence on one’s people than perhaps the people themselves. Architecture has power, gives hegemony, and empowers its people. It comes to no surprise that Rome is considered the more powerful cities in the world because its architecture reveals the most about its reign. Rome is most known for their architectural designs much of which had influences from Greek culture. They were enthused by their Etruscan neighbors that guided them to develop knowledge that became essential in creating the design works that they utilized for future art works (Trueman). Given their new found knowledge and influences from Greek and Phoenician cultures they were able to implement some ideas into their own stately figures that reflect their lifestyle. It was then that Roman architecture flourished throughout the Empire and Pax Romana century (Trueman). Their architectural designs resembled a wealthy lifestyle. A...
Each show was kicked off with the pompa – a morning procession that occurred during several other public events in Rome – led by the editor’s standard-bearers. Following the pompa was the venation...
The engineering discoveries of ancient Rome have played a key role in the history of architecture and engineering. Many of Rome’s roadways, bridges, and aqueducts have been in use from the first century until the twentieth century. Many American buildings have used the Roman dome. Several major structures from early Rome still stand, including the Collosseum. These remnants of feats of Roman engineering stand as a monument to the ability of ancient Roman builders.
Spiegel, Frances. "Trier and the Porta Nigra: Roma Secunda – the Romans’ Second Home | Suite101.com." Frances Spiegel | Suite101.com. 11 May 2011. Web. 05 Feb. 2012.
The statue Augustus of Primaporta was not only used to convey the likeness of the Emperor Augustus to his people across the Roman Empire, it was also interspersed with symbols and messages about the ruler’s ideals and power. It was distributed throughout the empire as propaganda for Augustus and as a declaration of the new era he intended to bring about. This strategic imagery and its successfulness in conveying the greatness of its commissioner influenced many successive leaders around the world to command similarly symbolic likenesses to be made of themselves, such as Trajan in the second century CE.
Fragment of a Fresco is a piece created in one of the more turbulent and evolutionary times in Roman history. Painted during the time of transition, this piece does not depict a scene of glorious combat, but rather provides us with a sense of the art and culture of the time. This fresco also provides us with detailed insight to the interior design and decoration of Roman structures from this time period. While the Fragment of a Fresco may lack notable historical importance, it's present value could be exploited more ferociously. This particular piece has characteristics of both the First and Second Styles, yet is only classified in the Second Style. It should be used, along with frescos that share similar characteristics, to discredit the system of classification currently in place.
The city of Rome delivers rich culture, influential architecture, and beautiful scenery that collectively demonstrate a course of great history and a prominent civilization. There are various structures from Imperial Rome that are highly recognized and mentioned within artistic research. Some examples include the Pantheon, Basilica Ulpia, Flavian Amphitheater, Arch of Titus, and Column of Trajan. Also referred to as Trajan’s Column, the iconic sculpture retains a prestigious appearance as it’s shown with characteristics of empowering height and intricate detail (Fig. 1). When analyzing such a remarkable piece of artwork one should consider the different elements that pertain to the subject matter and historical context. With that in mind, this paper presents the argument that the column is not only a portrayal of the Dacian Wars but also a funerary monument, paradigm of military inspiration, and tribute to Trajan’s reign.
This class has examined the various accomplishments of ancient Rome, many that have been carried on throughout time and influenced numerous cultures around the world. Amongst those accomplishments were the development of concrete and the utilization of arches. This paper will examine the Roman development of both concrete and the infamous concrete arch that is utilized in many modern day structures today.
The Colosseum contained over four stories. The first three contained over 80 entrance arches and contained a complex drainage system. These entrance arches made evacuation extremely fast in case of an em...