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Asian American Identity Development Model
Race and stereotypes as a subject for art
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Getting toys taken away, ripped away from home, losing contact with the outside world, being deprived of friends, and shipped away to the middle of no where; who is to complain about a time out? The much despised “time out” seems like a walk in a park when compared to being shipped out as child to an internment camp. Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, argues that people’s toddler years determine their adult mental health. Roger Shimomura lived just this, at the age of three he was shipped with his family to internment camp Minikota in Hunt, Idaho, where he spent two years of his childhood imprisoned. Living through this during his early childhood explains the artist he is today. People think Roger Shimomura shows hostility towards …show more content…
Roger Shimomura depicts this in his piece “Chinese Imposter #5”, he paints himself blending into the Chinese crowd of a Chinese work force propaganda poster. Shimomura “addresses those Americans (particularly during the World War II internments) who claimed not to tell Japanese and Chinese apart [in] the ‘Chinese Imposter’ series” (Ponnekanti). Shimomura dislikes being confused as Chinese because white people already see him as a knockoff American, and when he is not identified as Japanese and confused as Chinese is even a bigger insult because he has no where to turn to, he feels like Japanese people have no identity, they are seen as Chinese knockoffs. Yes, it is insulting when Americans cannot tell Japanese apart from Chinese but this confusion acts like a double sided sword, the Japanese benefitted from this confusion during World War II as well. In his piece, “I am Chinese” he portrays a Chinese man smiling in front of barbed wire fence and barracks in the background. This acknowledges how Chinese people were able to keep their freedom and the Japanese didn’t, which is ironic because Americans couldn't tell them apart. Another point that can be taken from this image is that the Chinese man is an imposter, in reality he is an undocumented Japanese man who takes the identity of a Chinese man. In modern days, this occurs with Latinos who portray themselves as Italians to hide from white scrutiny. In Shimomura’s art, he addresses the confusion Americans face when identifying the Asian community and, in his work, he depicts how the confusion affected people when everyone was getting shipped to interment
Chinese immigrants were often discriminated against because they were easy to spot. They spoke a different language and, looked different physically. Irish immigrants, however, had an easier time blending in because they had physical features similar to Americans. They were not so easy to pick out in a crowd. Erika Lee says, “Immigrants have been excluded and restricted on the basis of their race, ethnicity, class, gender, sexuality, moral standing, health, and political affiliation, among other factors.” (Lee, p. 39) Lee is saying that Americans would do anything to discriminate against immigrants. If immigrants stood out because of physical features they could more easily be targeted by society. Those immigrants that could better blend in were more likely to be included within a society. Racially those who were different were not wanted in America, but why? Americans loved the idea of having one transnational race. When immigrants of another race would arrive and start reproducing with people of the white American race, cultures started to mix, racial lines became blurred. Erika Lee says, “It provided a powerful framework, model, and set of tools to be used to understand and further racialize other threatening, excludable, and undesirable aliens.” (Lee, p. 42) In this quote Lee is stating how with the exclusion of the Chinese, this further pushed Americans to be more discriminatory against immigrants solely based on race. This
Stating that Chinese and all of whom who were deemed not as “Caucasian” will forever be perceived as forever foreigners. Not being able to understand America’s way of life. “Living in our community, recognizing no laws of this State, except through necessity, bringing with them their prejudices and national feuds, in which they indulge in open violation of law... “ By implying that Chinese are inferior by nature, since they only bring with them conflict, reaping rights that should not be given to them in the first place, and are incapable of understanding America’s Governing. Which nature has placed as “impassable difference” between the “superior” Caucasian race and the “inferior” Chinese
“The minute our train leaves the Hong Kong border and enters Shenzhen, China, I feel different. I can feel the skin on my forehead tingling, my blood rushing through a new course, my bones aching with a familiar old pain. And I think, my mother was right. I am becoming Chinese. (179). In the story A Pair of Tickets by Amy Tan, the protagonist character, Jing-mei, finds herself in several difficult situations due to how her social and cultural upbringing has shaped her. She finds herself pulled between her Chinese DNA and her American background. While she was raised being told that she was Chinese and “it’s in her blood”, she does not identify as such, because she grew up in America and only sees herself as an American. After her mother’s passing,
...American often assumes a person ethnicity by their appearance rather than their ancestries. The race relations in the U.S are nowhere near the idea of a blurred color line.
...silenced in this country, in order to have voice and be visible in society, one must strive to be a white American. They feel the need to embody and assimilate to whiteness because the white race has a voice and is seen, rather than silenced and unseen, in society. They are privileged with the freedom of not having to cope with the notion of being marked, silent, and unseen in society. This creates pressures for Asian Americans and immigrants to suppress their own cultural identities and assimilate to whiteness in an attempt to potentially be able to prosper and make a life for them in America. Asian Americans feel as though being who they truly are and express their unique cultural identities will alienate themselves even more than they already are.
In Neil Bissoondath’s essay, we see an example with the mover complaining about a Chinese driver he encountered. He said, “I’m not racist, but the Chinese are the worst drivers on the road.” (Bissoondath 271) The accusation that the mover made was a stereotype which exists about the Chinese, in general, because of the shape of their eyes because of their ethnicity. Their eye sight is not impaired in any way because of the shape of their eyes, but because they are different and people are afraid of them, they are made fun of because they are different.
She self-identifies as Chinese-American because she “feels Chinese inside” even though she considers herself to be very assimilated into the American culture. This coincides with one of the four types of ethnic self-labels for second generation immigrants that Portes and Rumbaut analyze: national origin, hyphenated, plain American and pan-ethnic. These identifies arise from reactions to specific external events, internalization of racialized categories or life experiences (Feliciano Lec. 1/25/2016). The reason she still identifies as Chinese is because she was raised to think that way; she grew up in a Chinese dominated community both at home and in school. She also believes that because she is not of a mixed ethnicity, it is easy for her to self-identify as Chinese-American. When asked what makes her American, she responded that it is because she lives in America and she follows many American social norms. She does not believe that citizenship has anything to do with being American, it is just a form that acknowledges that you can receive certain benefits that non-citizens do not have the privilege
Are you born in America but you have a different heritage? During World War II, even though Mine Okubo was born in America, she was identified as a rival to the Americans because she had a Japanese background. This led to her being transferred to isolated internment camps. Louie Zamperini was an Olympian runner who enlisted into the army. After a disaster of his assigned plane crashing into the ocean, he was captured by the Japanese and transported to camps. Both Mine Okubo and Louie Zamperini had to endure challenges in the course of World War II. Japanese-American internees and American Prisoners of War (POWs) felt “invisible” and “resisted invisibility.”
This discrimination initially began with the Naturalization Act of 1790, allowing free white-men of “good character” naturalization while excluding Native Americans, indentured servants, free Blacks, and Asians. In addition to extreme acts, the Chinese Exclusion Act, signed in 1882, had prohibited the Chinese from entering our country. Another example of the racism Asian-Americans faced occurred during World War II due to the war’s propaganda and the slurs that came about as a result of the war. The historical background of Asian-Americans and racism not only left scarring tendencies, but managed to transcend into modern society within a lower degree.
Chinese immigrants had to find other ways of entering, developing a system called paper immigration. Chinese immigrants would pose as the relatives of Chinese Americans in order to gain entry. The US government further facilitated this practice by creating documents proving the legal status of Chinese immigrants who had no relatives in the United States. This form of immigration became ingrained in the lives of many Chinese Americans who “had no choice but to perpetuate the false lineage…” Paper immigration became a point of attack in disputing Chinese legal status.
The obstacles Ichiro faced in searching for his lost identity reveal a discrepancy of American values, such as freedom and equality, which are deeply rooted in a segregated society. Through the negativity of many of the Japanese-American veterans and the differences among Ichiro’s entire family, he has literally gone from having a duel-heritage to no identity at all. Since he has no desire to be Japanese and feels unworthy to be American, he sees himself as nothing. His hatred of himself not only hinders the possibilities before him, but it also paints a whole new picture of America. Instead of a nation that is united and fights for freedom and equality, America is divided by racism and strips away the freedom of those they find inferior.
Hwang’s father has been victims of racism since 1996, we can’t tell by the last name or by the way the look like where they come from. We aren’t allowed to ask at auditions legally, a person’s race. Therefore, the fact that DHH a character in this play mistakes a white man for being part Asian shows us that we can’t necessarily tell where a you really from by looking
Omi and Winant (1986) stated that Racial categories often consolidate its meaning by the particular social relations and history context(p.19). Bonilla-Silva(2003) purported that the early colonizer from the Europe named the people in the land which they invaded as “negro” and “Indian” to distinguish them from the noble European (p.34) In the early stages of United State, the race introduced as the tool for the slaveholder and other white class to legitimized the practice of slavery and disenfranchised the natural rights of African Americans. Even the other white immigrants were considered as an individual race when they first migrate to the United State. Thus the meaning of race are constantly shifting within the change of social relation and political background. For example, in the article written by M.Lee, the 1900 census has only five race categories comparing to the 1990 census which has more than ten race option, which means the conception of race are continuously shifting(p.4). Beside the social relations, we also discern race through the preemptive notion of what each racial groups looks like. The African American are generally portrayed as the people who have thick lips and black skin. An Asian American usually have small eyes and feeble physique. Those stereotypes about the people 's physical appearance forge the content of race and become the common way which we utilize to confirm one 's race
There is a world traveler who speaks ten languages called Richard Lewis decided he was qualified to plot the world’s cultures on a chart.He says all cultures can be classified three types which are the Linear-actives,the Multi-actives and the Reactives.For this reason,Chinese want to know what kind of cultures are their country.In Lewis’ article he says Chinese culture is the reactives.But in fact,Chinese culture are reatives and multi-actives marge together.First of all,Chinese are a complex nationality which have 56 peoples.Secondly,Chinese are respect,listening quietly and calmly to their interlocutors and reacting carefully to the other side’s proposal.Thirdly,Chinese also do many thing at once,planning their priorities not according to a time schedule,but according to the relative thrill
Freud began with his study of the three forces of the psyche: the id, the ego, and the superego. The id is the unconscious and contains most things inherited and the all-encompassing instincts. The ego is the conscious and must control the ever-demanding id by serving as its link to the external world. The ego is a regulator and responds to a stimulus by adapting or fleeing, regulating, and seeking pleasure while avoiding displeasure. The superego is actually managed by the id. It carries the responsibility of the limitation of satisfactions and the representation of other persons’ influence, especially the influence of parents, teachers, and other role models. It also represents the impact of racial, cultural, and societal traditions.