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The decline of Abbasid dynasty
Decline and fall of the abbasid
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The Rise and Fall of the Abbasids The Abbasids was the third of the Islamic Caliphates who followed the Prophet Mohammed (P.B.H). Their dynasty descended from Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib; the prophet’s youngest uncle. They moved the capital of Muslim’s empire from Damascus, Syria, to Baghdad, Iraq. The Abbasids ruled for two centuries from 750-1258. The Abbasids defeated the Umayyad’s in a battle of the Zab, near the Great Zab, with the leadership of Abu al-'Abbas as-Saffah. This occurred because the Abbasids were supported by the Persians. And that’s how they took over the Calipha. Abu al-'Abbas as-Saffah, brother of Abdullah, proclaimed afterwards the Caliph. The Abbasids believed that they are rightful for the calipha more than the Umayyads. They first centered their government in Kufa, but by the help of Caliph Al-Mansur, it was founded in Baghdad as it’s much more closer to Persia. This resulted in a growing reliance on the Persian bureaucrats. The Abbasids renowned themselves from the Umayyads by confronting their moral personality and administration in overall. They appealed to...
The political structure of the Arabian and Byzantine empires greatly differed from each other. The Arabian empire was ruled over by a Caliphate. The Caliphate was the successor to the great prophet Muhammad. Politically, the Caliphate sometimes caused trouble for the stability of the empire. With multiple groups such as the Umayyad and the Abbasid believing the were in charge of the Caliphate led to conflicts and violence. An example of conflict would be towards the end of the Abbasid empire when the death of Harun al-Rashid brought several full scale revolutions. Another example would be at the beginning of Abbasid empire when they went as far as too kill off all of the remaining Umayyad leaders to sustain full control with little to no interference. Politically, the Arab/Muslim empire stretched from India and the Middle East into the Africa, the Mediterranean, and Iberia. They also had a large influence in Southeast Asia. When they conquered these areas, there was no forced conversion. On the other hand, they did enforce a higher tax for non-Muslims which prompted people to convert. Only later were there violently forced conversions. A testimony to this would be when the Muslims invaded India and did not touch the Buddhist or Hindus already there. They even respected the Hindu leadership and allowed them to continue. The Muslim empire was successful in other parts of the world due to tolerance, and continued to operate in the face of power struggles.
Many centuries ago in our history, before 1450, both the Byzantine Empire and the Islamic Caliphates both were born. The Byzantine Empire took place in the Eastern Mediterranean while the Islamic Caliphates were located in the Middle East and some parts of North Africa. Both of these empires used religion to govern in their empire, and while both empires didn’t take part in the same religion, both religions still had differences and similarities when it came to governing. Both of the empires were influenced by different religions. The Islamic Caliphates were influenced by the Prophet, Muhammed who taught them the ways of their religion, and on the other hand the Byzantine Empire was influenced by Christianity. The Both the Byzantine Empire and Islamic Caliphates
The Abbasids tried to manipulate Islamic law by trying to either avoid it or find a way around it to get what they want. The Abbasids called themselves the rightful rulers of the Muslim world because they were descendants of Ali, whom had transferred the right to rule, to them. This gave them more power than anyone else, because they thought of themselves as the chosen ones. Therefore, they did anything they wanted, which included avoiding some laws or finding solutions to get what they want quickly. We know that the caliph wanted/desired a particular girl but he could not have her because she was still owned by Jafar, so the qadi who is Abu Yusuf found a way to marry the girl to a slave man who then would divorce her and give her to the caliphate.
The Muslim Empire began to expand vastly under the Umayyads, with the empire becoming so large many people were converting to Islam religion. The Umayyads were the second of the four major caliphates after the death of Muhammad. The Empire used many different ways to spread the Islamic civilization consisting of war, classes, and appeal. The Islamic civilization spread so strongly because of the way it allured the common man.
The Islamic Golden Age began in the 7th century to the end of the 13th century. The Islamic Golden age is the era in which the Muslims created one of the largest empires. The Golden Ages started with the Prophet Muhammad. There were two Islamic Golden Ages. The first Golden Age lasting about two centuries from the 7th century to the 9th century. In the first Golden Age, society is being integrated in political, social, and moral dimensions in Islam (Lapidus 14). The second Golden Age lasted about five centuries from the 9th century to the 14th century. During the second Golden Age the state and religious institutions were separate, leaving the political and religious elites divided (Lapidus 13). Muhammad, not an immense influence starting out,
A part of the growing Muslim world were the Safavids. The Safavid dynasty started in 1502 and lasted to around 1736. This dynasty grew because of Shah Abbas wanting to make peace with the Ottomans in 1590. This peace was made on unfavorable terms so they went into war. Abbas defeated the Turks in 1603, forcing them to relinquish
When most people think of powerful African ancient kingdoms, they think of only Egypt. However, there are many ancient empires throughout Africa that were powerful and influential. One of those empires were the Kush empire, which was established in 970 BC when they declared independence from the Egyptians. The Kingdom developed south of Egypt along the Nile and at a trade route.The kingdom quickly become a powerful kingdom due to its rich natural resources such as gold, copper, and stone. Its location was also convenient for trades with powerful kingdoms. It also had a powerful military. The kush resources contributed hugely to the kingdom's wealth and was used to start a civilization and trade.
The Abbasid Empire came into power in the year 750 after overthrowing the previous Umayyad caliphate, and lasting until 1258 AD. Once they came into power they moved the capital which had previously been in Damascus, to Baghdad. The Abbasid caliphate relied heavily on the writings in the Qur’an, in particular to the writings mentioned before about the transfer of knowledge and the importance of knowledge in the Muslim lifestyle. With the Muslim empire spread largely from the east to the west, the Abbasid caliphate used their connections to China, India and the Byzantines in the west to their advantage. In particular, one caliph, Mamun, according to an Arab statesman, would form relationships with emperors in the Byzantine empire, give them gifts and then in return ask for all their books on philosophy. “These emperors sent him those works of Plato, Aristotle, Hippocrates, Galen, Euclid, and Ptolemy which they had.” . Relying so heavily and placing such an importance on the acquisition and the transfer of knowledge they set up a ‘House of Wisdom’ in the capital, Baghdad, which was a place for intellectual thought and also sharing. The house of wisdom, a university established in 1004, welcomed scholars from all over, Muslim and non-Muslim to come and bring ideas from their home and to share and debate and teach their thoughts amongst
The modern and ancient Muslim Empire is similar and different in many ways. Whether it is the rituals, attire, agriculture, or ethnicity they differ. Some traditions have been carried through centuries or even developed into bigger situations. The Muslims have had a great amount of changes.
Paper, a remarkable invention, has truly changed the world. Today, paper is used all day every day, but it was not always such a universal product. It is used for writing, drawing, painting, reading, blowing noses, wrapping presents, insulating houses, and even for currency. Using paper makes life so much easier, and paper even breaks down easily in the environment. People do not often think about how paper got to be so popular and useful, and it is important that they know that the spread of Islamic civilization brought paper to the West. It was actually Muslims who learned how to manufacture paper in large quantities, a technology very important to the spread of ideas in the time of the Golden Age of Islam because paper was important for documents and books. This essay will explore the history of paper, the innovations in paper manufacturing, the spread of paper by the Muslims, and the importance of the spread of paper westward. Paper spread to the West along with the spread of Islam; therefore, paper can be considered when studying the innovations of the Golden Age of Islam because the Muslims are responsible for the spread of the knowledge and technology of paper manufacturing.
Spain’s decline was brought on due to lack of productivity, growth, and poor leadership. Spain emerged quickly only to spare power to the Ottoman Empire. The gratitude of the Ottoman’s accepts all people to expand their population, and showed heroism gathering all followers to their renewed way of life. Children trained as early as age of six for education to advance modern technology. The Ottomans used all available resources to bring about knowledge for advancement, and with the new followers they could advance knowledge and teachings and grow productively.
Like many religion of the ancient civilizations, the religious beliefs of ancient Persia were heavily influenced and based on nature itself. During the rise of Ancient Persia, a time also known as the Achaemenid Era, many religion flourished under the rule of Persian kings that encouraged the people of their empire to practice their own cultural and religious beliefs. This approach went a long way to earning the kings the loyalty by propagandizing their benevolence to the conquered people of the empire. During this time, the concept of good versus evil was first introduced by the religion know as Zoroastrianism. Religion of the Achaemenid Era would have a lasting impression on many later religion including many of the modern day (McKay, Hill and Buckler).
In the Abbasid empire, the position of women was in decline in that fact that their status was not as high compared to the men, their roles were often limited and their subjugation to the men had increased. A primary example of their subjugation to the men was the harem and the veil. The harem was when the wives and the concubines of the Abbasid caliphs were restricted to forbidden quarters of the imperial palace. Although the isolation of women had been practiced by Middle Eastern peoples since ancient times, the harem was created by the Abbasid court. Many of these concubines were slaves but could win their freedom and gain power by bearing healthy sons for the rulers. With the Abbasid elite growing more wealth, there was a big demand for
The Islamic Empire had a wide influence and great power. It gained large amounts of information from the other nations it conquered. With this information, the Islamic Empire was able to make many great contributions to society. Of the Islamic achievements, those in science and math, education, and art still affect us today and are the most important.
With the emergence of Islam a new way of life was soon embraced. Religion and culture do not intertwine on many levels. Culture has been recognized as a certain group’s way of life, in which they articulate their ideas in an artistic manner. One might believe that culture was present long before religion was introduced in society. It was difficult for people to balance their cultural views alongside their religious views. Many ideas and events that a certain culture found to be permissible was found to be controversial to the message of Islam. Although it took tremendous effort from Prophet Muhammad (May the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) to convince the people of the Pre-Islamic world that Islam was ultimately the Path of Allah, once the people adopted this beautiful religion they found that altering their culture was simply to their benefit. Due to the fact that culture is a set of traditions that have been passed down for centuries, the people found it challenging to maintain the two.