Multiple satellite methods exist for remote sensing of rip currents each with their own benefits and drawbacks. Photobathymetry, currents interaction using with Synthetic Aperture Radars (SARs), wave refraction, and wave kinematics bathymetry (WKB) are current technologies that are used most often due to the current satellite knowledge. Each of these techniques can be applied using low orbit satellites that are already currently orbiting Earth. All techniques aside from WKB have been tested as satellites for several years. WKB has been operational for 20 years, but not from a satellite until recently (1). Each method has a unique background as well as functionality that make them suitable for various constraints.
Photobathymetry uses multispectral imaging of bottom reflected sunlight and is referred to as the optical radiance method making it a viable option for rip current measurement (4). When passing through the water, light reduces though contact of the water column. Darker images indicate deep areas because much of the light is absorbed, while shallow areas appear lighter. It wa...
Figure 6 - How longshore drift works (Brief). Source: Classwork image (originally from Google images)
4. Upgraded Early Warning Radars (UEWR): These radars systems detect targets near the horizon, early in the ballistic missi...
Rachel begins by stating that when tides or waves occur in the ocean they don’t just effect the surface but also the deepest levels of the water. How would you know for a fact that the wave currents run deeper than just the surface? Proof given by her illustrates
Coastal erosion is a growing problem along the Gulf Coast. Louisiana is one of the coastal states most affected by coastal erosion. Ninety percent of wetland loss in the nation occurs in Louisiana, losing 25-35 square miles per year. At that rate, Louisiana will lose 640,000 more acres by 2050. Many factors contribute to this land loss, such as rising sea levels, subsidence, hurricane storm surge, cold fronts, and human interference. Cold fronts and hurricanes can both have detrimental consequences on the coast of Louisiana (Zhang 2004) (Restore or Retreat 2012). This research shows whether cold fronts or hurricanes have a larger effect on coastal erosion. The researcher will describe how historical and current satellite imagery help in determining the changes in the Louisiana coast. Based on previous research, the researcher believes that hurricanes have more of an effect on coastal erosion than cold fronts due to the high winds and storm surge.
2. http://www.chs.k12.nf.ca/socstud/ssgrassroot/OceanRangerLesson.htm. 3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/drill_string. 4.
With few exceptions today’s weather tracking technology is only continuing to evolve. The use of satellites allows for accurate readings and predictions of upcoming weather events. These findings in conjunction with such inventions as the Marine VHF radio which can send for help at a maximum range of 60 nautical miles help warn the crew of impending doom before the storm hits. Though many ships have been destroyed by storms in the past, today’s technology is humanity 's solution against the relentless forces of
Executive Summary- Allround is the leading medical product for cold in the OTC market. It is the most frequent purchase with a high conversation ratio, though the retention ratio has been decreasing, along with market share. Some competitors have introduced new products, and Allround is slowly waning having reached maturity. Therefore, the OCM Marketing team has developed a long term Marketing mix strategy until 10th period.
striking the surface of the water or if it is just the reflection of the sun off of
Archaeology is a continuously evolving field where there is a constant stream of new branches and excavation methods. Due to the influx of new technologies and innovations in recent decades, archaeologists have been able to excavate previously inaccessible areas. For example, new diving equipment and tools such as proton magnetometers, side-scan sonar, sub-bottom profiler, and miniature submarines have allowed archaeologists to dive into the deep depths of the ocean. As a result, the branch of underwater archaeology was created to search for shipwrecks and other artifacts on the ocean floor. Underwater archaeology’s role has increased in recent years as it allows archaeologists to more accurately interpret the past by supplementing information gained through traditional land excavations.
McCallum, B. E., Wicklein, S. M., Reiser, R. G., Busciolano, R., Morrison, J. L., Verdi, R. J., Painter, J. A., & Frantz, E. R. (2012). Monitoring storm tide and flooding from hurricane sandy along the atlantic coast of the united states. Geological Survey Open-File Report, (2013–1043), 42.
Investigating the Effect of Light Intensity on Photosynthesis in a Pondweed Aim: To investigate how the rate of photosynthesis changes at different light intensities, with a pondweed. Prediction: I predict that the oxygen bubbles will decrease when the lamp is further away from the measuring cylinder, because light intensity is a factor of photosynthesis. The plant may stop photosynthesising when the pondweed is at the furthest distance from the lamp (8cm). Without light, the plant will stop the photosynthesising process, because, light is a limited factor. However once a particular light intensity is reached the rate of photosynthesis stays constant, even if the light intensity is the greatest.
Review: The opportunity and endeavor of exploring the Earth’s oceans can reap great rewards for mankind and unravel many of the mysteries that the Earth has left to discover.
The MMXX is Tesla’s flagship model which will be the launching face of Tesla in the U.A.E. It will lead to the image as it will be the only entirely electric luxury sedan in the marketplace starting at $120,000. It will pose as a luxury car with great performance that simply has the added benefit of being a fully electric vehicle without sacrificing style and performance. And appealing to the elite market is the MStar model starting at a price of $400,000.
Within Offshore Surveying, GNSS has always been prominent throughout the years. From its initial land based methods of using antenna to the ‘Free-to-Air’ systems used today. Throughout this essay the views in which will be assed are the historical and present day use of GNSS in Offshore Surveying; How GNSS provides the accuracy needed and the limitations it must overcome; What the possible alternatives there could be to GNSS and its advantages and disadvantages faced when using GNSS; The future for GNSS and its development and finally looking at practical real life case studies of GNSS and how it is effectively used within an offshore surveying company. The essay will look at these points individually and separate itself accordingly into five many sections reflecting the points rose previously to give an accurate account of the role GNSS has had, and will play, in Offshore Surveying.
Chronology of the dessication of the Aral Sea The series of images were derived by satellite remote sensing data and conventional data (WDB II for the mask of 1960, bathymetry for the year of 2010).