Tables of Content
Inductive Reasoning ……………………………...………………………………...……….…….3
Deductive Reasoning …………….....…………………………………………………………….3
Critical Thinking.……………….………...…………………………………………………..…...4
Role of Inductive Reasoning………………………………………………………………………5
Role of Deductive Reasoning……………………………………………………………………..5
Roles of Critical Thinking ………………..………………………………………………………6
References…………………………………………………………………………………………8
Inductive Reasoning
Inductive reasoning is logical reasoning where people have a lot of the information and use that to reach a conclusion. It is viewing the available data and figuring out what will be the results. For instance, from an online article, it demonstrates, “Inductive reasoning is a logical process in which multiple premises, all believed true or found true most of the time, are combined to obtain a specific conclusion” (Rouse, 2013). It shows that there are a lot of ideas to analyze and calculate what the possible outcomes will be. It can also be done by looking at patterns. When looking at patterns, it is important to study it to see what is recurring. This makes it possible to predict what will happen based on the knowledge that has been collected. Inductive reasoning is using information or events that have happened in the past to see what is in store for the future.
Deductive Reasoning
Deductive reasoning is general information people have and use to reach to some type of conclusion. Deductive is done by understanding the first part which is using logic to reach a conclusion which reasoning is to understand what is going on. There are many different ways to explain what is required of deductive reasoning. For example, in an article, it states, “logical way of reaching a conclusion based on ded...
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.... (2013). Reasoning in organization science. (Vol. 38, p. 71). Academy of Management. Retrieved from http://ehis.ebscohost.com.proxy-campuslibrary.ashford.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=5f58c817-3cfd-4d0b-9789-be2b02966b60@sessionmgr115&vid=2&hid=4103
Paulson, E. (2011). Group communication and critical thinking competence development using a reality-based project. (Vol. 74, p. 399). New York, NY: Association for Business Communication Retrieved from http://ehis.ebscohost.com.proxy-campuslibrary.ashford.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=7fd005eb-c938-4875-9fcd-bd133741ddf6@sessionmgr115&vid=2&hid=107
Rouse, M. (2013, May). Inductive reasoning. Retrieved from http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/inductive-reasoning
Scriven, M., & Richard, P. (2013). Defining critical thinking. Retrieved from http://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/defining-critical-thinking/410
Deductive reasoning is a logical way to increase the set of facts that are assumed to be true. The purpose of Deductive reasoning is to end up at a logical conclusion based on the subject of discussion. Deductive Reasoning uses statements that are logically true in order to omit other statements that contradict the logically true statement, which is to deduce, subtract or takeaway. What
The article, “Critical Thinking? You Need Knowledge” by Diane Ravitch, discusses how in the past people have been deprived from the thinking process and abstract thinking skills. Students need to be given more retainable knowledge by their teachers to improve their critical thinking skills. (Ravitch).
Statistical Induction- is based on statistical information, it predicts something will happen with numerical probability.
Induction is a form of reasoning where humans use past experiences to make future predictions.
Deduction is the third characteristic of rationalism, which is to prove something with certainty rather than reason. For example, Descartes attempted to prove the existence of God through deductive reasoning in his third meditation. It went something like this: “I have an idea of a perfect substance, but I am not a perfect substance, so there is no way I could not be the cause of this idea, so there must be some formal reality which is a perfect substance- like God. Because only perfection can create perfection, and though it can also create imperfection- nothing that is imperfect can create something that is perfect.
Everyone has experienced some type of stress in their life. Whether it has been from work, school, or troubles at home, stress is stress. If anyone had played sports in high school, you know the challenge of balancing school and sports. Imagine that stress, then multiply it exponentially. Everyone knows that college is a much more rigorous version of high school. The only reason some athletes made it to college is due to scholarships for their performance on the field. If they don’t perform well on the field, that scholarship might get cut. This makes practicing the athletes main priority. However, college athletes have to concentrate on their grades so they don’t drop out of college. These athletes know they may not make it to the pro’s, so they know they have to have a back up plan. This back up plan is called a college degree. So college athletes have to concentrate both on sports and classes. Sounds kind of challenging. This is why I believe student athletes should be allowed to miss classes occasionally due to their sport. Athletes are under much more stress, are required to attend practices and classes, and complete their homework. This is simply impossible to do, at least for a human. I believe that this is an important topic because it affects all college athletes.
There is a South African Proverb that states "Until lions write books, history will always glorify the hunter". In his play "Los Vendidos", Luis Valdez tries to become a lion and let the voice of Chicano history be heard. Luis Valdez does this in a satirical way by presenting the views and stereotypes that many American’s have had and continue to have, about Chicano’s in the form of a shop where Chicano "model/robots" are sold. By presenting each Chicano as a robot and stereotype, Luis Valdez tries to earse of the "models" of Chicano’s that people have in their heads and tries to point out that there is a strong Chicano culture and a rich history that has been ignored by American’s for years. "Los Vendidos" is a challenge to all people but especially American’s to think about why these stereotypes are so known in culture and the role that American culture has played in creating and maintaining these stereotypes.
Finn, P. (2011). Critical thinking: knowledge and skills for evidence-based practice. Language, Speech & Hearing Services In Schools,42(1), 69-72. doi:10.1044/0161-1461(2010/09-0037)
Since ancient Greece, philosophers have employed logic in their attempts determining what the actual nature of knowledge is and what people can know about it. Logic, as defined by Richard Popkin and Avrum Stroll is “the branch of philosophy that reflects upon the nature of thinking itself,” or the branch of philosophy used to understand the nature of ideas and how they are or are not related to one another (237). Logic can be divided into two major categories, deductive and inductive reasoning, both of which have their merits and limitations. They are both used to arrive at knowledge, which is justified, true, belief. Knowledge is derived with logic with varying degrees of accuracy through various methods.
Logic is the language of reasoning. According to Kit Fine, a Professor of Philosophy, logic is a systematic way of explaining what makes an item valid (Films for Humanities and Science, 2004). As humans seek to validate their thoughts and find truth in the world, this science of reasoning is what allows us to develop conclusions, which can then be accepted as truths. Uniting mathematics, philosophy, language, and other disciplines together to help generate these widely accepted truths, numerous logical theories have emerged since the time of Aristotle to shed light on how our minds deduce and arrive at logical conclusions. Two such theories, Bayesian confirmation theory and syllogism, can be used to provide humans with a means to more accurately and easily arrive at truthful conclusions.
There are two common types of arguments: inductive and deductive. An inductive argument is an argument that the premise gives less than complete
Inductive reasoning can be quickly summarized as a method through which a conclusion is drawn from particular cases; this conclusion may be applied to another specific case or generalized. All of our conclusions about the world around us, which we rely on daily without question, are dependent on this process. The expectation that our house will not cave in, that water will come from the faucet when turned on, that we will wake the next morning, are all propositions extrapolated from inductive arguments.
The logic used to explain miracles of everyday life, thinking logically helps man to question the functioning of everything around us, the logic used to argue and is somehow a thought an idea that influences us for an action we do in our daily lives.
Rudd, R. (2007). Defining critical thinking. Techniques: Connecting Education & Careers, 82(7) 46-49. Retrieved December 9, 2007, from EBSCOhost database.
We can know some propositions in a particular subject area by intuition alone, or by deducting them from intuited propositions.