An experiment to find the rate of reaction between two liquids
Introduction
This is an experiment to determine the effect of changing the
concentration of sodium thiosluphate (Na S O (aq)) on the rate of
reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid (HCL (aq)).
HCl+sodium thiosulphatearrowsodium chloride+sulphur
dioxide+sulphur+water.
HCl(aq) + Na2S2O3(aq) arrow NaCl(aq) + SO2(g) + S(s) + H2O(l)
If one were to place hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulphate into a
beaker a white cloudy solution is left in the beaker. The rate of the
reaction can be controlled by concentrating one of the liquids, or one
could add water to dilute the mixture to slow the reaction.
Method Apparatus
Two beakers of 50cm3
Sodium Thiosulphate
Hydrochloric acid
Conical flask
Measuring tube-10cm3
Measuring tube-50cm3
The apparatus is set up as shown above. I will place 50cm3 of Sodium
Thiosulphate; I will keep Hydrochloric acid at a constant rate of
5cm3. Then I will reduce the sodium thiosulphate and increase the
water, for example:
50cm3: 0cm3
40cm3: 10cm3
30cm3: 20cm3
20cm3: 30cm3
10cm3: 40cm3
When the reaction is complete the solution left should be white and
cloudy, to test this; I will place a piece of paper with a cross on
it. If I cannot see the cross on the paper then the reaction has
finished.
Constants
* Hydrochloric acid
* Temperature
* Length of X on paper
* Room temperature
Variables
· Sodium thiosulphate
· Water
Hydrochloric acid will be kept at a constant rate because the
experiment is about changing the concentration of sodium thiosulphate.
The temperature will be kept constant with a precise thermometer in
the solution. The paper with the X on it will always be the same piece
of paper. The room temperature will be kept constant because I will
make sure the windows are closed.
Sodium thiosulphate will be varied because that is the point of the
experiment. The water will be varied to dilute the reaction.
Scientific explanation
In order for the sodium thiosulphate and Hydrochloric acid to react
their particles must:
* Collide with each other
* The collision must have enough energy
This is shown by the explanation below:
The particles in the liquid If the collision has enough If the
collision move around continually. energy, a reaction takes place does
not have here an acid particle is enough energy about to collide with a
no reaction sodium atom occurs. The acid particle bounces away again.
If there are a lot of collisions then the rate of the reaction is
fast. If there are not many, the rate is low.
The rate of a reaction depends on how many successful collisions there
are in a given unit of time.
There are three main ways of speeding up a reaction:
* Changing the concentration
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