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The history of Rabies
History of rabies research
History of rabies research
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As the late 19th century progressed, technological ideas and inventions began to thrive. The notion that technology would impact life as we know it was an unbelievable idea to comprehend. People had no idea that something so simple such as the light bulb would become so vital to them and for century’s to come. Inventions such as, the typewriter, barbed wire, telephone, Kodak camera, and electric stove were created, however the major inventions created and use tremendously today are, Medicine, Electricity, and Transportation. Medicine (vaccines). A “vaccine” or otherwise known as a vaccination, is something that stimulates someone’s immune system from a disease. Vaccines can prevent infections and actually cause it to not re-occur again. The invention of the Rabies, and Anthrax vaccines not only saved life’s, but helped scientist conduct and produce more accurate and successful research. Discovered by Louis Pasteur, in 1882, the innovation of the rabies vaccine was invented. Rabies is a critical and sometimes fatal infection that one could get with coming in contact with a “rabid” or wild animal. When this virus enters the body and spreads, it travels slowly through all the nerves and all the way to the brain. Once it reaches the brain, it becomes fatal. The number of deaths due to rabies worldwide each year is approximately 55,000. However, due to the invention of the rabies vaccine, the number of fatalities and illnesses decreased by a substantial amount. Louis Pasteur, in 1881, discovered the anthrax vaccine. Anthrax is an infection caused by many bacteria cells called “Bacillus”. These bacteria make “spores” which have a protective shell. This disease is most common in farm animals. They live in soil, and affect domestic a... ... middle of paper ... ...late 17th century, and beginning of the 18th century, transportation was favored by American society so much, the wealthier would hire chauffer’s to take people places. So not only did the motor produce a better and more efficient life style, it also created a huge business industry, as we know it today called, “valeting”. The actual motor worked like this. “Two cups filled with mercury would contain a magnet and a wire with one being fixed and the other free to move. Whenever a current was passed through the wire, the free moving magnet or wire would revolve around its fixed partner due to the electromagnet forces being produced.” (History of Innovation). This first motor was a prime example of the fact that movement could be created by electricity and electricity could be created by friction. This motor was the most useful and applicable invention in the 1800’s.
Vaccines have been used to prevent diseases for centuries, and have saved countless lives of children and adults. The smallpox vaccine was invented as early as 1796, and since then the use of vaccines has continued to protect us from countless life threatening diseases such as polio, measles, and pertussis. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2010) assures that vaccines are extensively tested by scientist to make sure they are effective and safe, and must receive the approval of the Food and Drug Administration before being used. “Perhaps the greatest success story in public health is the reduction of infectious diseases due to the use of vaccines” (CDC, 2010). Routine immunization has eliminated smallpox from the globe and led to the near removal of wild polio virus. Vaccines have reduced some preventable infectious diseases to an all-time low, and now few people experience the devastating effects of measles, pertussis, and other illnesses.
Rabies is the oldest infectious disease that is spread between species. Historical evidence of rabies dates from about 2300 BC. The first written record of rabies is in the Eshnunna code (ca.1930 BC), which states that owners of rabid dogs with symptoms of rabies should take preventative measures to keep their dog away from others. If a person were to be bitten and later become ill or die, the owner would be fined heavily. During this time and for many centuries to follow, it was commonplace to kill any animal or human who showed symptoms of the disease. Today rabies incidents involving dogs in the United States are rare, but there are increasing numbers of outbreaks among the wild animal population, notably in the southern states.
Bacillus anthracis or anthrax is bacteria that infect thousands of people a year worldwide. Mostly found in the hinds and hair of grazing animals like cattle and sheep, the bacteria can stay dormant for years until contacted. Contact can occur through broken skin, eating infected meat, or inhaling infected dust from hides through the mouth or nostrils. Normal contact through the skin begins forming malignant skin ulcers that are dark black in appearance. If left untreated, the blisters lead to blood poisoning and eventually death. Eating contaminated meat not fully cooked can cause intestinal infection also leading to death. Surprisingly, many people survive contact of the skin and very few cases of intestinal infection exist. However, inhalation of infected dust or spores are much more deadly because the symptoms resemble a common cold...
Rabies is a zoonotic disease dating back to ancient times. The origin of the word rabies could either be from the Sanskrit word, rabhas, which means ‘‘to do violence,’’ or from the Latin rabere, meaning ‘‘to rage or rave.’’ (Kumar, 2009). In the beginning people thought applying the hair of a rabid dog, or applying a glowing hot metal rod to the wound would cure the disease this caused other infections. In some countries people would kill themselves or others if bit by a rabid dog, this was band in some countries. (Kumar, 2009). Medicine stones were used in North America to try and draw out the infection. In 1885 an outbreak of rabies occurred in Newark, NJ involving six children and several dogs.
It is important to note that a control group of mice were also established where the vaccine was not injected. Results show a positive relationship with immunogenicity in mice. The protective antibody against RABV persisted for at least 12 months. This would impact the veterinarian field which in turn would impact the medical field. If less dogs contracted the rabies virus, less humans would get bitten and also contract the
There have been many inventions throughout history and some of them have been a lot more helpful than others. The GPS, the Pacemaker, and the cell phone are all very important innovations made to the new world. Without these modern day inventions a lot of thing and the way we interact would be different
Rabies, it kills 30-70 thousand people each year around the world (CDC). 40,000 people are treated for it each year in the United States alone (CDC). Carried by rabid animals, this viral infection poses a threat to animal lovers alike. The primary problem of rabies is prevention, the effects are severe, and the causes are many.
In 1938, dogs made up 89.9% of all rabid cases reported in the United States and rabies itself was responsible for the deaths of 47 people that year. However, that number went down after the 1960’s as dogs made up only 3.6% of reported cases and eventually the virus killed about one person a year. This successful shift was due not only to more vaccinations in animals, but strict laws and rules enforced in different countries to exterminate the rabies virus (Baer 3).
Where would the world be without the inventions and ideas of the 1920's? The answer is, no one really knows; however, the inventions and ideas that were brought about in the 1920's are things that are used more than ever today. With the technological advancements made in the 1920's, the invention of the radio, television, automobile, and other minor advancements made the 1920's one of the most important decades of the 1900's.
Bioterrorism, in the last decade, has become a real threat to the world. Since the anthrax attacks on American soil in 2001, the world has become aware of the potential risk of an anthrax attack. Anthrax is the disease caused by the Bacillus anthracis bacteria. Ever since early history, anthrax has occurred in livestock animals and in humans. The bacteria prevent the macrophages from communicating with the rest of the body. Thus, the body cannot fend of anthrax and slowly organs begin to deteriorate. However, a series of antibiotics and vaccinations are available in case of an exposure to anthrax.
Preventing serious infections by making a person immune to the infection is called immunization. This process is usually performed by the administration of a vaccine to stimulate the person’s immune system to protect them against a subsequent infection or disease. According to the World Health Organization (2016), more than 5 million deaths were prevented annually between 2010 and 2015 due to vaccinations that were used around the world. Vaccines work with the natural ability of the human immune system to develop immunity to fight disease. When a foreign infectious pathogen such as bacteria or a virus enters the body, it multiplies and becomes an infection and in many cases, this infection leads to an illness. To understand how vaccines
Rabies is one of the oldest known infectious diseases known to man. Its historical background is related to the rise of civilizations, the growth of cities worldwide, and the contact with wildlife and the domestication of different kinds of animals. The term “rabies” has been around since 3000 B.C., with the name being Latin for “fury”, “madness”, and “rage” (Williamson, 2010). Consequently, rabies have infected many animals and humans for thousands of years, and in this essay rabies will be further evaluated. Topics relating to rabies, such as its causative agent, epidemiology, transmission, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and control measures will be discussed in order to further explain the gruesome
The word “rabies” originates from a Latin word meaning “to rage”. This is because animals with rabies typically act violently when infected with the disease. Rabies not only causes agitated behavior, when not treated correctly, it can be fatal. Rabies is a worldwide problem with an interesting background, an accomplished microbiologist who discovered a vaccine, and a plan for prevention in the future.
This century has been one of many changes and incredible inventions. If a person was to think about it, this century has taken us from horseback to fuel-injected horsepower, from gaslights to sodium-vapor streetlights, from crystal radios to digital television, from compasses to GPS navigation systems, from wood burning stoves to microwave ovens, from Victrolas to DVD players and of course from hot air balloons to jet propulsion aircraft.
Technology has dramatically advanced our knowledge and changed our perception on life. Thanks to Thomas Edison, the creation of the light bulb has transitioned our