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Anatomy study guide: the heart
Cardiac anatomy part 1
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The very first thing our group did was prepare for the dissection. We watered off excess formaldehyde and dye on the outside of the rabbit, layered our work area with newspaper, and put on the provided protection. To begin dissection, we wanted the rabbit almost entirely skinless to expose the muscles underneath. In order to properly understand the innerworkings of a rabbit’s muscular system we referenced a small handbook and a further detailed cat manual. To prove knowledge of the muscular system; we proceeded to isolate and identify 20 muscles on both the ventral and ventral sides of the rabbit. After our examination of the outer layers, we broke into the thoracic cavity. The hardest challenge faced was the cracking of the rib cage; in order …show more content…
Our dissection continued inferiorly towards the digestive viscera. The first thing we did was attempt to unravel the organized bundle of intestines, taking note to its impressive length. The main problem faced was the large amount of connective tissue sticking said organ together. Especially towards where the small intestine was attached to the stomach. It took patience and determination to gather something that resembled a long tube. That is the point when we discovered the caecum: a section of intestine humans do not possess. The cecum in something mainly needed for herbivores. It stores cellulose to be broken down by bacteria. That job in humans was handed to our version: the appendix. Our group decided to do the extra credit day. With our main goals being further exploration of the heart, and peering into the cranium. We had our best luck with the heart. We were able to examine the four ventricles and atriums; then trace the aorta and vena cava to their respected branches. We faced a problem when it came time to examine the brain. Cutting into the thin skull was still surprisingly difficult. It required the use of a bone saw over our fragile
The protocol and conceptual overview of these procedures can be found under the header, “Properties of Skeletal Muscle” in NPB 101L Physiology Lab Manual Second Edition (Bautista & Korber, 2009, 9-17). The test subject for this lab was the Northern Leopard frog, whose spinal cord and brain were severed. In order to carry out the experiments, the materials needed were one medium length surgical scissor, two hemostats and glass dissecting probes, a nine and four inch string, a cup of Ringers saline solution with an eyedropper, and a hook electrode. The software used to analyze and record the data is the BIOPAC system. The procedure starts with the preparation of the frog and the set-up of the equipment.
Many say it is bad to dissect an animal of nature, and they are completely true, they’re helping animals in the studious way. Can also be dangerous to those veterinarians, hopefully they are secure. The practice of dissection the act of cutting into and examine a dead animal. It continues to sense as a prominent educational tool for touching. The treatment of animals destine for use in dissection and other educational purposes. It involves an inordinate amount suffering, stress, inhumane
The differences are due to the differences in environment, habits, size etc. One example is the fact that minks and humans both have lugs of similar shape but different lobes. Each of these similarities and/or differences benefit both the human and the mink, in their own unique way, with each structure having its own function. Overall, the mink is a very complex animal and so is an individual.
Francisella tularensis is a bacteria that is commonly referred to as Rabbit Fever. This microorganism is often known as this because the bacteria resides in mammals such as rabbits, squirrels and mice (UPMC Center for Health Security, 2013). There are many different components to this bacteria that make it unique. The microorganism F. tularensis is one that has very unique characteristics that make it responsible for being the kind of bacteria that it is. It is a gram-negative bacteria that occurs in coccobacillus form. It is a non-motile bacteria that is commonly found in water, mud, and decaying animal carcasses. (Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, 2013). Because of these characteristics, F. tularensis is able to live in these conditions for weeks (UPMC Center for Health Security, 2013). For all of these reasons, this microorganism can be potentially harmful to humans.
lots of oxygen in it (coming from the lungs), and the oxygen is one of
healthy rabbit hoping to produce good results. At this point the experiment took a dramatic turn, after
As the gap between homo sapiens and their uncivilized ancestors widens, reproduction looses its value as the most important means to continuing the species. For humanity to progress in an increasingly modern and complex world, men must be required to think of themselves in broader terms. Rabbit Angstrom cannot understand that he could find meaning in life if he devalued the importance he places on sex. He is unable to accept the realities of life in twentieth century America and the role he must accept. He runs from his responsibilities, despite the harm this causes many people. By not accepting the changing nature of life for what it is, Rabbit’s life is devoid of meaning. The message John Updike hopes his reader will receive from Rabbit, Run, is that society would move in a positive direction if men like Rabbit accept the responsibility they have towards others.
In Labs 22 through 26, my lab partner and I were assigned a fetal pig to perform a dissection on in order to understand anatomy, the study of an organism’s structure1, and physiology, the study of the functions and activities of a living organism2. Throughout these labs, we studied the structure of the fetal pig and performed experiments to understand four system processes: digestion, cardiovascular, respiratory, and excretory. Dissecting an organism, physically moving and seeing the different portions of the organism, especially of a fetal pig, is very important. This helps in the understanding of the skeletal structure and what series of physical and chemical processes the mammalian species body performs in order to survive.
The common name of a current invasive species found in California is the European Rabbit. The scientific name is the Oryctolagus cuniculus. European rabbits are grayish brown with commixed ebony, brown and reddish hairs on its back, light brown to beige fur on its underside, a beige ring around its eyes, and long ebony-tipped ears. It ranges from 13.5 to 20 inches (34-50 cm) in length and has a diminutive bushy tail that is 1.5 to 3.75 inches(4-8 cm) long. It ranges in weight from 2.25 to 5.5 lbs (1-2.5 kg), so it's a deceptively diminutive and cuddly-looking rabbit. The European rabbit looks homogeneous to a rodent in many ways. In addition, it genuinely belongs to the order of lagomorphs, along with hares and pikas. European
Though our knowledge of the human body has developed drastically, there will always be more to learn, especially in the field of pathology. In addition to education, this procedure is also used to improve the quality of care that healthcare workers provide for their patients, especially in terms of undetermined diagnoses. Post mortem examinations can help to better identify pathologies, and allow a “hands on” approach that cannot be obtained readily.
The first step was to obtain the White Rat and to tie it in the supine position, anterior surface facing up in side the dissection pan. To tie the animal, we used butcher’s twine and secured the front and hinds legs using a “lasso” technique, careful not touch the sharp claws. To make the first insicion I had to locate the Xifoid Process of the rat (distal aspect of the sternum). Once I had located the Xifoid Process, I had to use forceps to pull the skin of the animal’s abdomen up and use the scissors to cut. The first incision is made from stem to sternum, cutting through the errectos abdomen muscle down to the groin. The second incision ion is perpendicular to the first below the diaphragm. Because of this technique we were able to open the abdominal cavity first. The third and forth incisions were made bilaterally above the legs. The last two incisions were made in upside down “V” shape on the collarbone, to expose the thoracic cavity. This dissection was both sharp, because of the use of the scissors and scapel and blunt because of the use of the probe and forceps to move organs and skin to expose other organs not yet identified.
Anatomists, morphologists and biologists have tried to understand the way living creatures are living, and what they look like inside. Dr. Frourie in 1974 painfully cut organisms into thin slices, to study their internal arrangement to better understand them. Today, these people use CT scanners instead. It is a lot easier, less bloody, takes shorter time and the sample is not affected or destroyed during the procedure- the advantages are numerous. This technique enables us to visualize the inside of us humans, organisms or other objects in 3-D geometry.
Alcamo, Edward, and Krumhardt, Barbara. Anatomy and Physiology The Easy Way. Hauppauge, New York.: Barron’s Educational series, inc. 1996
The history of anatomy and physiology dates back to ancient Egyptian times when humans were mummified after death and bodies would be stripped of their internal organs during the embalming process. It was not until much later when Hippocrates II, known as the father of medicine, was the first to write about human anatomy. Shortly after that, the Alexandrian Medical School was established, where human dissection was allowed for the first time, which promoted research and new discoveries in the field. From there, many other influential researchers came up with theories regarding the cardiovascular and nervous systems, etc; however, the missing links in some of the earlier theories was found with the discovery of the microscope, which changed the focus of research and led to many advancements in the field. As previously mentioned, Hippocrates II (460 – 370 B.C.) was known as the father of medicine and although human dissection was forbidden because of religious beliefs, he dissected animals and studied the anatomy of bones.
...ll human organs and the systems that they belong to. "This would be the most revolutionary type of alternative, especially for human related experiments"().