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Essay on cultisim
Cultural influences on sport
Thesis on american sports and impact on culture
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Public Subsidies for Sports Facilities
America is in the midst of a sports construction boom. New sports facilities costing at least $200 million each have been completed or are under way in Baltimore, Charlotte, Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Milwaukee, Nashville, San Francisco, St. Louis, Seattle, Tampa, and Washington, D.C., and are in the planning stages in Boston, Dallas, Minneapolis, New York, and Pittsburgh. Major stadium renovations have been undertaken in Jacksonville and Oakland. Industry experts estimate that more than $7 billion will be spent on new facilities for professional sports teams before 2006.
Most of this $7 billion will come from public sources. The subsidy starts with the federal government, which allows state and local governments to issue tax-exempt bonds to help finance sports facilities. Tax exemption lowers interest on debt and so reduces the amount that cities and teams must pay for a stadium. Since 1975, the interest rate reduction has varied between 2.4 and 4.5 percentage points. Assuming a differential of 3 percentage points, the discounted present value loss in federal taxes for a $225 million stadium is about $70 million, or more than $2 million a year over a useful life of 30 years. Ten facilities built in the 1970s and 1980s, including the Superdome in New Orleans, the Silverdome in Pontiac, the now-obsolete Kingdome in Seattle, and Giants Stadium in the New Jersey Meadowlands, each cause an annual federal tax loss exceeding $1 million.
State and local governments pay even larger subsidies than Washington. Sports facilities now typically cost the host city more than $10 million a year. Perhaps the most successful new baseball stadium, Oriole Park at Camden Yards, costs Maryland residents $14 million a year. Renovations aren't cheap either: the net cost to local government for refurbishing the Oakland Coliseum for the Raiders was about $70 million. Most large cities are willing to spend big to attract or keep a major league franchise. But a city need not be among the nation's biggest to win a national competition for a team, as shown by the NBA's Utah Jazz's Delta Center in Salt Lake City and the NFL's Houston Oilers' new football stadium in Nashville.
Why Cities Subsidize Sports
The economic rationale for cities' willingness to subsidize sports facilities is revealed in the campaign s...
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...vernments still pay for investments in supporting infrastructure, and Washington still pays an interest subsidy for the local government share. And the Charlotte case is unique. No other stadium project has raised as much private revenue. At the other extreme is the disaster in Oakland, where a supposedly break-even financial plan left the community $70 million in the hole because of cost overruns and disappointing PSL sales.
Third, despite greater citizen awareness, voters still must cope with a scarcity of teams. Fans may realize that subsidized stadiums regressively redistribute income and do not promote growth, but they want local teams. Alas, it is usually better to pay a monopoly an exorbitant price than to give up its product. Prospects for cutting sports subsidies are not good. While citizen opposition has had some success, without more effective intercity organizing or more active federal antitrust policy, cities will continue to compete against each other to attract or keep artificially scarce sports franchises. Given the profound penetration and popularity of sports in American culture, it is hard to see an end to rising public subsidies of sports facilities.
Cowboys' new $1 billion stadium to keep hole in roof. (2006, December 13). ESPN.com. Retrieved April 7, 2014, from http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=2695427
Pittsburgh is known as a sports’ town that gets behind their three teams. Being located in Pittsburgh, the Steelers use one of the main companies in the city for the stadium name, which is called Heinz Field. The location allows for many local sponsors to get involved with the team, while, at the same time, it creates business for the stores and restaurants around the city. In 2010, Forbes rated Pittsburgh as the most livable city in the U.S. (Levy). This gives incentive to players to feel comfortable once they begin to raise a family while playing for Steelers.
Abstract: The Stadium construction boom continues, and taxpayers are being forced to pay for new high tech stadiums they don’t want. These new stadiums create only part-time jobs. Stadiums bring money in exclusively for professional leagues and not the communities. The teams are turning public money into private profit. Professional leagues are becoming extremely wealthy at the taxpayers expense. The publicly-funded stadium obsession must be put to a stop before athletes and coaches become even greedier. New stadiums being built hurt public schools, and send a message to children that leisure activities are more important than basic education. Public money needs to be used to for more important services that would benefit the local economy. Stadiums do not help the economy or save struggling towns. There are no net benefits from single purpose stadiums, and therefore the stadium obsessions must be put to a stop.
...ave the freedm to make mistakes and have discussions and debates in a healthy setting where others can learn from each other, and be able to raise their voice without having to be worried by the idea of being bullied. He strongly believed in having the freedom to develop your own personality and having the strength to make choices. Mills is only able to see progress in society if we enter a world of culture, free conformity, and harm. We must be given the right to free expression, freedom and the right to liberty without the fear of threat or being silenced. It’s because of these justifications that mill believes that mankind would not be justified in silencing an individual just like that one inidivdual, if given the power to do so, would not be justified in silencing all of mankind. Through these actions, we as humans will create the ultimate gaood for mankind.
stadiums they play in is up for grabs. The four major sports are a playing
In Major League Baseball, stadiums can affect the game dramatically by the size and by the way the dirt is laid out and how the weather is as well. The baseball teams and players can be affected by this in their major life physically and mentally. Major League Baseball is a prominent organization in our daily life. The game is very important for most people. The game is a lifestyle to people as well. Baseball has changed over the years. For instance, Pete Palmer states, “The way baseball is playing right now is completely different from the past” (Palmer, summary, 2014). A very helping part of baseball are baseball stadiums. For example, ballparks of america says, “... ballparks are amazing, they help us play” (ballparks of america, summary,
In 1846, David Wilmot of Pennsylvania proposed to Congress that they ban slavery in all territories that might become part of the United States. This was called the Wilmot Proviso. The Wilmot Proviso caused great concern in the South and increased a great bitterness between the North and South.Many supporters of slavery viewed the Wilmot Proviso as an attack to end slavery by the North. The controversy over the Wilmot Proviso led to the arise of a new political party. Many Whigs and Democrats wanted to take a strong stand of the debate over slavery. They joined together to form a new party, the Free-Soil Party. The Free-Soil Party choose Martin Van Buren as its presidential candidate. Senator Lewis Cass also proposed a solution that he hoped with fix the argument. He suggested letting the people decide whether to allow slavery or not. Both Cass and Van Buren do poorly in the election, and General Zachary Taylor was elected as president.
In spring, the flowers bloom, in summer the sun beats hot, in the fall the leaves fall and flowers die, in the winter it gets colder. In Greek mythology they believed that Demeter was the cause of the seasonal changes. Demeter has an unusual family history, she went through many things that made her how they see her in Ancient Greece today. Demeter has many things that represent her as a goddess and that are considered to be sacred.
“Prohibition did not achieve its goals. Instead, it added to the problems it was intended to solve.” On 16th January 1920, one of the most common personal habits and customs of American society came to a halt. The eighteenth amendment was implemented, making all importing, exporting, transporting, selling and manufacturing of intoxicating liquors absolutely prohibited. This law was created in the hope of achieving the reduction of alcohol consumption, which in turn would reduce: crime, poverty, death rates, and improve both the economy, and the quality of life for all Americans. These goals were far from achieved. The prohibition amendment of the 1920's was ineffective because it was unenforceable. Instead, it caused various social problems such as: the explosive growth of organized crime, increased liquor consumption, massive murder rates and corruption among city officials. Prohibition also hurt the economy because the government wasn’t collecting taxes on the multi-billion dollar a year industry.
Prohibition created a great deal of problems in America even though it was trying to correct one. Prohibition was not widely supported by many people. Prohibition led to many changes in our country. Some were bad and some were good. The effects on America were mostly bad. The good effects included no one could drink and it could try and contain the effects of being drunk. Prohibition also kept many people out of trouble with the law. Puritans believed that alcohol had a terrible effect on people and that is why they supported prohibition. Prohibition was the start of a “dry” era and led to many people staying sober and not drinking alcohol at all. This was a good effect on those people and their lives. They were more focused on their lives and tried to stay healthy, by not drinking. This was not true f...
...not undermine the conclusion made because Mill is claiming the use of freedom of expression, allowing the nature of man to express ideas that do not need censorship to limit a person’s thought process.
Rossetti first challenges society’s ostracism of fallen women through her portrayal of not only streetwalkers and sinners but also loving sisters. Each sister is a definite contrast to the other. Lizzie is presented as more accountable than Laura and more resistant to temptation. When the goblin men tempt the girls with buying their “fruit forbidden” (479), Lizzie “[thrusts her] dimpled finger[s]/ In each ear, shuts [her] eyes and [runs]” whereas “Laura [chooses] to linger” (67-69). Laura appears more curious of the two and, therefore, the more likely to give int...
Overall, the Prohibition was an experimental and learning period of time for the United States of America. The government was convinced that it could possibly solve many of the societal problems in the U.S. This resulted in them passing the 18th Amendment and The Volstead Act, prohibiting the manufacture, sale, and distribution of liquor. Due to this, gangsters and mobsters ruled the Alcohol Industry. When citizens and government realized this Prohibition was not having the positive benefits they expected, the 21st Amendment was passed, repealing the prohibition and returning America’s favorite pass time to them.
Sports are one of the most profitable industries in the world. Everyone wants to get their hands on a piece of the action. Those individuals and industries that spend hundreds of millions of dollars on these sports teams are hoping to make a profit, but it may be an indirect profit. It could be a profit for the sports club, or it could be a promotion for another organization (i.e. Rupert Murdoch, FOX). The economics involved with sports have drastically changed over the last ten years.
Rossetti’s “Goblin Market” compares the two main Victorian views towards women. One of them is represented by Lizzie who despite the attempts of the men to tempt her to consume the goblin fruit remains pure and innocent. The other view is represented by Laura who eats the goblin