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Reflection on communication strategies
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People always communicate using language. In communication, people share their feeling and thought through a system which makes their interlocutors understand what they speak. Wardhaugh (2006) state people constantly choose what they want to say, how they want to say it, and the use of specific linguistic items which best for the way they say things. People need to manage their relationships with the interlocutors as well. It makes them consider who their interlocutors are, the settings in which the communication occurs, and the appropriateness of language being used.
As social beings, people are expected to be capable of managing their relationships with others. To maintain their relationships, people can use language as a means of communication
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This strategy will also be achieved if the speaker does not fear retribution from the hearer. That is, where the danger to the hearer’s face is very small or where the speaker has superior power over the hearer such as between a Commander and one of his soldiers.
2. Positive Politeness Strategy
Positive politeness is an appeal to solidarity towards others. It is how to make the hearer feel good or to make him feel that his values are shared. Positive politeness utterances are used to achieve intimacy, to imply common ground or to share wants. By using positive politeness strategy, someone can show that the speaker wants to come closer to the hearer. There are three major strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson in this category:
• First is that the speaker claims common ground with the hearer by indicating that both can share specific wants, including goals and
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(1) OK, put your hands back down.
(2) In general, I ask anyone this.
(3) So, the idea “compromise” is not always gonna be your way.
(4) For Monday, make sure that you have read pass chapter one. But, keep reading ahead.
(5) If you are a student council’s class rep and alternate, you are staying here.
Utterances (1)-(5) are very direct, clear, and unambiguous. These utterances are purposed to be effective delivered. Additionally, the teacher has more power than the students, so this strategy must be commonly used though the occurrence in only four times in thirty minute discussion. Utterances (1), (2), (4), and (5) are used for their function to give command to the students, while utterance (3) seems to be used to disagree with the student directly to prevent misconception.
The Use of Positive Politeness Strategy
From analyzing the data, the English teacher’s utterances which are classified as using positive politeness strategy are presented as the followings.
(6) What we are going to do is we are going to share of some of your reflections that you’ve just done.
(7) Then, we’re gonna have a bit conversation about
Pages 261- 267. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2011.10.006. Cameron, D. (2001). The 'Case Working with spoken discourse and communication. London: Thousand Oaks & Co. Carson, C., & Cupach, W. (2000).
Communication is the foundation of any society. Humans are interactive beings that must communicate in order to survive. Humans develop communication skills as infants; learning to yell when something is needed, cry when something is painful, and smile when feeling happy. As babies age they learn words; eventually learning to compose sentences allowing them to express their feelings or desires. Humans finally learn to communicate within different parts of their life with different forms of communication such as letters, spoken, visual, and more. As one ages, they become aware of the different rules of communication used with certain people and situations; such as learning to speak to a teacher in a different manner than how one talks to their friends. While doing this, people are unconsciously starting to learn how to conform in the different discourse communities. Discourse communities are an essential part of life, and learning to communicate in those communities is just as vital.
People use language as a material object. Language is social in nature and language helps people to convey a message. Language is how humans communicate with each other. Language empowers, language makes the person’s needs known and language expresses what the person wants people to do. Language is how people interact and language makes a person’s identity, emotions and opinions known. Language helps a child to make sense of their world. Language helps older children to interact and belong to a group, Language also helps a child to understand the field, tenor and mode in situations, so that the child can critically evaluate and organize the
part of our everyday lives. In order to survive we need to communicate well and
Language is a very important tool that permits us to communicate with others, and also it helps us to the development of culture, because “What we say influences what we think, what we feel and what we believe” (Budani, n.d.), so it can be said that from language people are able to transmit their thoughts, ideologies and beliefs and Also thanks to its culture can be transmitted and learned over the years through idioms and expressions of a particular place. Language allows the interaction between people from different contexts and creates social relations that create a cultural mix as
From when we were young, we have been taught the ability to communicate. Communication has been an important skill that we utilize everyday. Skills like talking, writing, and reading have helped us interact with others. There are several languages throughout the course of history and society today and many use them for several different tasks such as communicating with citizens from different countries and cultures.
People communicate for specific reasons, such as: fear, anger ,pain, joy ,love. Communication happens on many different scales.... but it is everywhere. Communication is about transferring your thoughts in a way that you believe to be the easiest for the person you are attempting to communicate with. Communication needs to be open and sensitive, as well as appropriate to the situation. People live and communicate within a range of different groups and communities, including: families, neighbourhoods, workplaces, schools and colleges, interest/activity groups, commercial settings, users of professional services.
Every day, we use spoken language in order to communicate as well as to express our opinions on certain topics. The manner in which we communicate and use paralinguistic features varies according to the context of the situation. Moreover, spoken language is affected by our idiolect as well as our sociolect. We can relate these ideas to the setting of the school classroom. In a classroom, teachers primarily, use spoken language for bonding in order to establish or maintain personal relationships with students. In addition to that, teacher use spoken language to exchange information to develop students’ understanding and knowledge. Furthermore, teachers use spoken language for power in order to gain control over the classroom. Transcript A, B, C and D are detailed examples of how these concepts are adapted in the different classroom environments. However, there is evidence to support that the theories of spoken language can also be challenged.
Politeness theory classifies diverse tactics from which communicators take when trying to meet the multiple goals offered in rejection. A rejector
Communication is an essential piece of every human. We communicate with others to fulfill nearly everything that requires any cooperation. We are gifted to communicate, hear and respond back based on our opinions and emotions. According to Bevan and Sole (2014), "Interpersonal communication (IPC) is a unique type of communication that involves two individuals interacting face-to-face or mediated channels" (Chapter 1.3, para. 1). Interpersonal communication can be as straightforward as standing in a line at the movie theater and introducing yourself to another individual, and engaging in casual banter while you wait for your turn in line. Interpersonal communication can not only build friendships and relationships, but miscommunication can also
Communication with others is something we perform on a daily basis in today’s society. People talk to form and grow social bonds and to increase the likelihood of understanding one another. How we use language often signals to people their importance to us. As men and women, our identities are constantly shaped and refined by the type’s conversations we have. Our values are evident in the conversations with our family, community, society, country and church. In addition, through our profession we are continually refined by the people we talk with. Sharing information makes life more manageable, talking helps to grow social bonds with others, and choosing what we talk about allows us to manage how others perceive us. Therefore, verbal communication
Language, is used in order to communicate, form opinions, problem solve, and establish interpersonal relationships. Through the accounts of Tannen, Sanders, and Hughes, they discuss the significance of certain words and the many interpretations conveyed by people of different perspectives. Most of the writers centered around the pragmatic aspect of language; the intentions of spoken or written expression. As well as, the semantics of language, also known as the study of defining language. Specifically, terms directed towards certain people, deriving negative connotations was shared. In addition, to the effects of words spoken between friendships and relationships. Adherent to current issues, language in it of itself, helps to communicate the
Not only because of studies like this, non-verbal communication plays an important role when studying language in its social context. A very interesting topic in this large field is politeness, since forms of politeness are often misinterpreted and lead to misunderstandings. So I chose to have a closer look at the differences between politeness in Chinese and English.
People communicate in various ways. Good communication is essential to every part of life. Whether it is in parenting, a relationship, or in the work environment. Communication is vital to making any of these successful it can take time to master the art of effective communication. We communicate with much more than words. When we interact with someone, our body has a language of its own. The gestures we make, the way we sit, the way we talk, the amount of eye contact we make all of these non-verbal ways of communicating that impact the message our words are sending. Verbal messaging is communicated via the words that we use. Verbal messaging is an important part of our communication, but the way we communicate nonverbally is equally and sometimes can be more important.
Communication is a two way process which we use from birth. We use communication to establish linkages and to develop effective relationship with one another. It is an interdisciplinary method as it involves the sender, the transmitter and the receiver. There are myriad ways to communicate with others but the basic way to approach others is language. Language plays a vital role in the means ...