Abstract In this work, the mechanical and barrier properties were examined for Polypropylene (PP) film in which the surface of the film was modified by Oxygen plasma treatment. The PP film was treated in various intervals of time of 60 s, 120 s, 180 s, 240 s and 300 s with three various RF power settings of 7.2 W, 10.2 W, 29.6 W. The contact angle was measured to characterize the wettability. The oxygen functional groups were generated on the surface of oxygen modified PP which was observed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscope and it was resulted in the improvement of wettability. The surface morphology and roughness of the PP films before and after the oxygen plasma treatment was analyzed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). It was found that the roughness of …show more content…
Testing was performed at 23 ºC under the condition of 0% RH at 1 atm with the standard of ASTM D3985. Measurements were taken at three times and the average value was calculated. All specimens were conditioned at ambient conditions. Water-vapour Transmission Rate (WVTR) The Water vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR) of the treated and untreated PP samples was calculated by Mocon Permatran, according to the standard of ASTM F 1249 – 90. The tests were carried out at 35 ºC under the condition of 100% RH. It was repeated for three times and the average mean values were reported. All specimens were conditioned at ambient conditions. Results and Discussions AFM analysis The surface morphology and the surface roughness of the untreated and treated PP samples were investigated by AFM. The Figure 1 represents the AFM images in a three dimensional view of untreated and treated samples in a time of 60s with various power rates. The scan size of all the images is 5×5 μm2. Evidently, the oxygen plasma treatment modified the surface morphology of the PP
Uncovering the Coated Truth Holly Baggett Tanya Kiatsuranon 5th Period Kirkpatrick January 5, 2015 Table of Contents Introduction Background Information and Research Purpose/Objective Hypothesis Parts of the Experiment Materials and Procedure Observations and Data Calculations Statistical Analysis Analysis Conclusion Sources of Error and Inaccuracies Application Improvement Bibliography Introduction
The freezing point of p-xylene was calculated as 13.29C after averaging the data that appeared on Graph 1 once the temperature leveled off. With this value, the Tf for each trial was able to be calculated through Equation 1, which led to Kf being calculated in Equation 2. Both equations were able to be used given that the measurements were in terms of molality, which is not temperature dependent. After completing calculations, the average Kf of the three trials of the p-xylene and toluene solution was computed as as 4.56(C/m) as shown in Table 1, however, the theoretical value was slightly lower than calculated, 4.3(C/m). This resulted in a 6.04% error as shown in Equation 5. Possible causes of error could have resulted from adding too much
Making nylon 6,6 is even easier if you use a diamine and a diacid chloride instead of a diacid. This is because acid chlorides are much more reactive than acids. The reaction is done in a two-phase system. The amine is dissolved in water, and the diacid chloride in an organic solvent. The two solutions are placed in the same beaker. Of course, the two solutions are immiscible, so there will be two phases in the beaker. At the interface of the two phases, the diacid chloride and diamine can meet each other, and will polymerize there. There is special way to do this called the "Nylon Rope Trick"4, and we'll show you how to do that in just a minuteMaking nylon 6,6 is even easier if you use a diamine and a diacid chloride instead of a diacid. This is because acid chlorides are much
SpecialChem editor, (2009). Dow Corning presents "Advances in Anti-Fingerprint Coatings" at ABRAFATI 2009’s 11th International Coatings Congress. SpecialChem. Retrieved from: http://www.specialchem4coatings.com/news-trends/displaynews.aspx?id=11985
The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the process of reaching equilibrium in a physical change.
We investigated the effects of sunlight exposure on leaf stomata density. Our hypothesis stated that stomata density in the leaves with more sunlight exposure should be greater because in the leaves exposed to sunlight appeared to be healthier than the leaves in the shade. Our hypothesis was rejected, and the leaves with little to no sunlight exposure had a greater stomata density.
Polyethylene (PE) is one of the most commonly used polymers which can be identified into two plastic identification codes: 2 for high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and 4 for low density polyethylene (LDPE). Polyethylene is sometimes called polyethene or polythene and is produced by an addition polymerisation reaction. The chemical formula for polyethylene is –(CH2-CH2)n– for both HDPE and LDPE. The formation of the polyethylene chain is created with the monomer ethylene (CH2=CH2).
The purpose of the lab was to show the effect of temperature on the rate of
INTRODUCTION Peripheral intravenous catheters show benefit in Cabooltures emergency departments every day, however emergency department has noticed PIC dislodging 48 hours after being inserted. The focus of this research trial is to compare the two types of patient group’s, standard group who used transparent cloth- bordered polyurethane dressing to PIC and skin group who transparent cloth boarded polyurethane dressing + cyanoacrylate glue to hold PIC, comparison was investigated. Patients selected for groups comprised of patients admitted to the emergency department with preexisting inserted PIC, aged 18 years plus. Primary issue concentrated on PIC failure at 48 hours in emergency departments and inferior outcomes included different IVC
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed to purify the DNA extract. A mastermix was needed to be made for the PCR products, the mastermix volumes were calculated and shown in table 1. PCR is a simple and inexpensive tool needed to focus on a segment of DNA and a copy it a billion times over. (2) This was needed to purify the DNA samples of the patients which were needed in a gel electrophoresis procedure. The agrose gel electrophoresis process uses electricity to separate DNA fragments by size as they migrate through a gel matrix. (3) Nucleic acid molecules are separated by applying electric field to move a negatively charged molecule through the agrose gel towards the positive charge. (3) The shorter the molecule the faster it travels compared to the larger molecules, because smaller molecules migrate more easily through the pores of the gel. (3) This accurately
To obtain a detailed knowledge on the effect of Sensitization on the hardness of the samples, two kinds of hardness determination tests were performed.
m)/(100 cm))3=0.9998426 g/cm3 =0.9998426 g/mL To determine the density at 22.7 °C, the equation “ y = 0.000256 (g/mL.°C) x + 1.003393 (g/mL) “ was used. y = 0.000256 (g/mL/ °C)x + 1.003393 (g/mL) y = 0.000256 (g/mL / °C)22.7 (°C) + 1.003393 (g/mL) y = 1.0092 g/mL Table 2.
LAB REPORT 1st Experiment done in class Introduction: Agarose gel electrophoresis separates molecules by their size, shape, and charge. Biomolecules such as DNA, RNA and proteins, are some examples. Buffered samples such as glycerol and glucose are loaded into a gel. An electrical current is placed across the gel.
(iv) Dry evaporated sample for at least 1-2 hour in an oven at 103 0C – 105 0C to constant mass.
However, plastics subjected to radiation sterilization will be affected, and it may change the mechanical properties of the material such as tensile strength, impact strength and elongation by chain scission or cross-linking. It is also important to note that multiple exposures to radiation are cumulative. In terms of mechanical performance, PC is generally resistant to radiation, but it will discolor with radiation exposure. The key to selection is highly resistant plastics which can perform well after sterilization.