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Annotated bibliography on mental illness in literature
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In Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations, the main character Pip shows many signs of several psychological disorders such as anxiety, post traumatic stress disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder. Great Expectations is about the journey of a poor, abused boy named Pip who lost his family except for his sister. Pip’s sister and sister's husband raise Pip as their own. As a child Pip is go to the Havisham residence which was occupied by the one and only evil, Ms. Havisham. She is an old woman who hasn't seen the light of day in years and has a hatred for men, because she was left at the alter. She continues to wear her wedding dress to this day. Pip is there to play with Ms. Havisham's adopted daughter Estella, who is a man hater in training. …show more content…
Pip suffers from nervousness or unease. Anxiety is a “feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease, typically about an imminent event or something with an uncertain outcome” (Kasturia, Borman-Pullen, and Delphia). Pip goes to church to celebrate Christmas, “Joe and I going to church, therefore, must have been a moving spectacle for compassionate minds. Yet, what I suffered outside, was nothing, to what I underwent within” (Dickens 17). Pip describes that he was suffering mentally on the inside. Pip is feeling nervous and uneasy. Pip is often in a panicked state. Anxiety can be a “feelings of terror, or panic that strike suddenly and repeatedly with no warning” (Mayo Clinic). Pip’s family is coming over for Christmas dinner. “The time came, without bringing with it any relief to my feelings, and the company came” (Dickens 18). Pip continues to talk about his feelings of terror. Pip panics unexpectedly and repeatedly. Pips anxiety is affecting him physically. Pip’s brain chemistry is changing and causing him to feel anxious. Anxiety can also be a biological factor, “Anxiety is not only psychological - it is biological. When you have anxiety, your brain chemistry is changed. Neurotransmitters that control emotions and mood start to misfire, and eventually they start to affect the way you think. It feels natural - you may even believe the thoughts are justified” (Rivera). Pip hides under the table in fear, for his life, “O Heavens, it has come at …show more content…
He suffers from obsessions that relieve his anxiety. Obsessive compulsive disorder is, “Compulsions are behaviors that individuals with obsessions display in order to relieve themselves of their anxiety” (Referral Solutions Group). Pip is walking around town and thinking to himself how much he is in love with Estella. “The unqualified truth is, that when I loved Estella with the love of a man, I loved her simply because I found her irresistible” (Dickens, Charles 181). Pip loves Estella because he finds her irresistible, this is an indication of an obsession. The love the Pip has for Estella relieves his anxiety. Pip has a long lasting love or obsession with Estella. OCD can be a “common, chronic and long-lasting disorder in which a person has uncontrollable, recurring thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions) that he or she feels the urge to repeat over and over” (Abel, Edwin). Pip continues to discuss with himself his profound love for Estella. “Once for all; I knew my sorrow, often and often, if not always , that I loved her against reason, against promise, against peace, against hope, against happiness, against all discouragement that could be. Once for all; I loved her nonetheless because I knew it, and it had no more influence in restraining me, than if I had devoutly believed her to be human perfection” (Dickens, Charles 181). Pip loves Estella unconditionally, against all odds, and repercussions. Pip has a
As a young child living in England’s marshes, Pip was a humble, kind, and gentle character. He lived an impoverished life with his sister, Mrs. Joe, and her husband, Joe Gargery, the neighborhood blacksmith. Pip was grateful for everything he had, including his few possessions and his family’s care. When he was offered the chance to play at The Satis House, the home of the wealthy Miss Havisham, Pip went in order to make his family happy.
In Great Expectations, Pip is set up for heartbreak and failure by a woman he trusts, identical to Hamlet and Gertrude, but Pip is rescued by joe who pushes Pip to win the love of his life. Similar to Gertrude in Hamlet Miss Havisham becomes a bystander in Pip’s life as she initiates the play that leads to heartbreak several times and she watches Pip’s life crumble due to her teachings. The next quote shows Miss Havisham explaining to Pip the way she manipulated his love Estella to break his heart every time. “‘but as she grew, and promised to be very beautiful, I gradually did worse, and with my praises, and with my jewels, and with my teachings… I stole her heart away and put ice in its place’” (Dickens, 457). This quote makes it clear the Miss Havisham set Hamlet up for failure by making him fall for a woman he could never have.
Throughout the novel Great Expectations, Pip's character and personality goes through some transformations. He is somewhat similar at the beginning and end, but very different while growing up. He is influenced by many characters, but two in particular:Estella and Magwitch, the convict from the marshes. Some things that cause strength or growth in a person are responsibility, discipline, and surrounding oneself around people who are challenging and inspiring. He goes through many changes some good and some bad
In Great Expectations, during the middle of the book, Pip creates a rather low opinion of himself acting arrogant and conceited to others. For example, When Joe is coming to visit Pip, Pip thinks to himself, "I was looking forward to Joe's coming not with pleasure, thought that I was bound to him... If I could have kept him away by paying money, I would have paid money (pg.841). Evan though Joe protected and assisted Pip throughout his juvenile years, Pip was still embarrassed by him. Pip is an ungrateful person showing Joe no gratitude. In addition, when Pip learned who his benefactor was he replied, "The abhorrence in which I held the man, the dread I had of him, the repugnance with which I shrank from him, could not have been exceeded if he had been some terrible beast (pg.876). Pip is surprised by this intrusion of his mind realizing that Miss Havisham did not raise him to be with Estella. Evan though Pip was not raised to be with Estella he is an vicious human being thinking such vile thoughts against a man that gave him the life of a gentleman. In relation, as Provis lays down to sleep Pip reflects on meeting him, "Then came the reflection that I had seen him with my childish eyes to be a desperate violent man:" (pg.879). Pip can only think of what horrible things Provis performed. Pip is an unforgiving person, still thinking of Provis as a convict after all he did for him. Pip displays himself as a heartless feign, believing himself to be of upper society and forgetting people who helped him through his journey of life.
In Great Expectations, Pip was one of lower class. Although he did not have the fortunes, Pip was happy. Once he was introduced to the rich Miss Havisham and her daughter Estella, he fell in love. Estella became the object of his affection, yet because she was considered high class, there wou...
In the novel, Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens the principal character, Pip, undergoes a tremendous change in character. I would like to explore with you the major incidents in Pip’s childhood that contribute to his change from an innocent child to someone consumed by false values and snobbery.
In the sheltered, cut-off village, the young Pip has not experienced society; however, it still manages to reach him. The first experience is a chance encounter with an escaped convict, who scares Pip into stealing some food and drink (Hobsbaum 223). Pip has no way of knowing, but the convict will turn out to be one of the most im...
Pip’s first and only love is Estella. Estella is very mean and nasty to Pip. Although he receives verbal abuse from Estella, he continues to like her and will not stop liking her, he sees the good inside of her and will not stop until the good comes out. In contrast to her treatment of Pip as a child when she had called him a common laboratory boy with coarse hands and thick boots, she tries to explain to him that emotion is something that she is incapable of feeling. The fact of that is evidence of his illusion, not her cruelty.
As a child, Pip is pitied by the reader because of his situation as the younger brother of
Miss Havisham passes along this jadedness to her adopted daughter, Estella, by teaching her to hurt boys and not become emotionally attached to them. Miss Havisham stays this was nearly until the end of her life when she realizes what she has done to Estella as well as Pip, whose heart was broken by Estella.... ... middle of paper ... ... In conclusion, in the novel Great Expectations, Charles Dickens points out that there are many people who are imprisoned within themselves.
London represents Pip’s fear, hopes, pride, and shame. As Pip discovers, London is a filthy place with a morbid mood, and is infested with greed, with characters such as the heartless Jaggers and the cruel Drummle. He has many great expectations, such as Estella, his benefactor, his future, and his fortune, along with many fears, such as his fear of himself failing to achieve his expectations. In London, Pip becomes prideful, and becomes embarrassed of his childhood, including his best friend Joe. He becomes ashamed at himself later for his betrayals of his loved ones, along with many of his other past actions.
Throughout Dickens’ novel Great Expectations, the character, personality, and social beliefs of Pip undergo complete transformations as he interacts with an ever-changing pool of characters presented in the book. Pip’s moral values remain more or less constant at the beginning and the end; however, it is evident that in the time between, the years of his maturation and coming of adulthood, he is fledgling to find his place in society. Although Pip is influenced by many characters throughout the novel, his two most influential role models are: Estella, the object of Miss Havisham’s revenge against men, and Magwitch, the benevolent convict. Exposing himself to such diverse characters Pip has to learn to discern right from wrong and chose role models who are worthy of the title.
...rity, and the ending of his story he has sealed with pain and hardships of life. From losing his parents and sister, his best friend, being treated cold hearted by the love of his life Pip still manages to make it out in an okay way with the little hope with Estella and his close one's child who looks just like him in a scary way. It is not the best ending but it could've been worst for the young man. Pip's idea of life is truly suffering from the worst and getting only a little bit of resemblance from it.
Another challenge that Pip was forced to face was that of a convict that he had helped in the beginning of the story; a convict had threatened his life out of a want for food, and Pip brought him food that he had stolen from his kitchen. Pip was wary of helping the convict; after all, he had threatened his life! This nagged at him, but in the end, the convict proved to be a great positive influence; his benefactor. Also, his compassion and love for Estella proved to be a positive as well as negative influence. Pip’s desire for Estella guided him in becoming a “gentleman”; this is an example of existentialism; the belief that any individual assumes the responsibility of their existence, allowing them to control their own destiny. The real influence in his becoming a gentleman was in fact, ironically, the convict; the convict financed his change, while Estella only fueled his desire; without one or both of these essential influences, I believe that Pip would not have become a “gentleman;” although Joe was a good influence, with Estella on his back, he did not realize this. Pip’s change was in response to Estella, he “learned” that he was just a common boy, and thus could be considered both behaviorism and existentialism, while at the same time part of Freudian psychology , because of his love/hatred for common life, and his love/hatred for Estella.
Women are powerful. Though society has not always recognized and respected women as they deserve, members of the female gender have strongly influenced the world ever since the beginning of time when Eve ate of the forbidden fruit. Today, women continue to increasingly achieve power and status. Likewise, in Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations, women play an important role in influencing the protagonist, Pip, although both positively and negatively. Through their words and actions, women cause Pip to make significant lifestyle changes, either beneficial or adverse. He is continuously pushed to pursue different personae by Mrs. Joe, Miss Havisham, Estella, and Biddy, and he learns important lessons from each of them.