Université Saint Esprit - Kaslik
Faculté Pontificale de Théologie
Le Personnalisme
Préparé par BTEICH Tanios
Présenté au D. ABI AAD Randa
Kaslik - Liban
2014
Introduction
Le personnalisme, une notion récente dans le domaine philosophique, n’est selon Emmanuel Mounier, ni un système ni une doctrine. Cette pensée est tel toute philosophie de la personne, inspirée de la tradition Chrétienne et se fonde sur cette tradition et culture. Ce courant d'idées, est pour beaucoup de chercheurs, une troisième voie humaniste entre le capitalisme libéral et le marxisme communiste, ces deux régimes sociopolitiques matérialistes qui dominaient le monde au XXème siècle. Cette philosophie, faisait face aux courants qui privaient l'homme d'accéder a sa valeur fondamentale de devenir une personne, et le traitaient d'un simple individu un nombre dévalorisé. Mounier part de la personne et l'univers de la personne étant l'univers de l'homme. Au sens moderne, la notion de personne est d'origine chrétienne, il résulte de spéculations théologiques sur la Trinité et le Christ. Il s'ensuit que la personne est d'un côté un être caractérisé par l’identité, l’autonomie, la liberté, l’affirmation de soi, et d'autre part, un être de relation, de communication, d’échanges... Ces deux pôles sont restés juxtaposés avec un accent clair accordé au pôle "substance". Pour lui, la personne est définit par l'articulation claire de ces deux pôles: l'un et l'autre ne se font que par et avec l'autre. La pensée de Mounier n'est pas qualifié comme une doctrine qui est un système de raisons suivantes un sens préconçu, mais un processus de discernement dans lequel l'homme est invité à comprendre et à comprendre sa vocation d'engagement.
Dans ce travail de recherche, nous...
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...férence et ce relativisme.
Conclusion
En Somme, le personnalisme est l’exigence d’un engagement total et conditionnel en même temps. C’est un engagement total, parce qu’il n’y a pas de lucidité valable que celle réalisé et ne souffre pas d’être résoudre par une simple critique. De plus, C’est un engagement conditionnel, parce que si nous ne tenons pas fermement dans les mains le gouvernail, le désaccord interne de l'homme bascule l’équilibre des civilisations. Parfois vers la complaisance solitaire, parfois à la superbe collective et parfois à l'évasion idéaliste.
Or, dans une autre perspective, l’engagement personnaliste est-il universel et peut-il être appliqué dans d’autres cultures non occidentales ? Insister sur l’agir dans l’engagement ne déboucherait-il pas sur une approche purement pragmatique : une réduction matérialiste et machinale de l’engagement ?
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