The Persian Empire was founded by Cyrus the Great around 1900 B.C. after the fall of Babylon. Persia controlled areas from asia minor to India being the largest empire of its time controlling about five million square miles. Persia was unified under Darius I who established a bureaucratic system of government. The Persians had Zoroastrianism as their religion. Persia was divided into provinces each called a satrapy. Darius I encouraged unity by creating a single set of laws for the empire and had many roads rebuilt. Darius I also set up a common set of weight and measure are encouraged the use of coins. Persia tolerated those that they conquered as to not give fuel to a revolution. Throughout the reign of Darius I he came into contact with …show more content…
Alexander had replaced many Persian elite with his Macedonian nobles. After Alexander’s death, Persepolis had been burned but Achaemenian traditions were still practiced. However revolts were brutally crushed but the populus of Persia were largely loyal to their new ruler. Many went on with their normal life afterward, regular practices were still permitted as was zoroastrianism. Even with the crushing blow to the Persian, Alexander the Great was only able to hold onto power for seven years. After Alexander fell out of power the Seleucid dynasty gained control of the empire. Being in between the Romans and the Parthians ment that the empire would eventually fall. In 247 B.C. the area between the Caspian sea and central Asia was taken over by a Parthian general. The former Persian empire, now called the Seleucid empire lasted for a century and a half despite the territorial loss to both the Romans and the …show more content…
While hebrew writing speaks of jewish communities in Mesopotamia. The Sasanians were seen as extremely similar to the past Achaemenian dynasty. They brought back the use of Achaemenian royal names such as Darius, Cyrus, Xerxes, And Artaxerxes. Shapur I successfully defended against Roman attacks on multiple occasions, and occasionally capturing their emperor and killing him. Shapur appointed many of his close family members to administrative jobs. Some of the first zoroastrian writing was only written in the early fourteenth century due to it being passed down orally. Up until the fourteenth century zoroastrian religious text was passed down in speech, hymns, and from other rituals. The title of kings within the Sasanian empire was Shahanshah of kings or king of kings. After Shapur I came Shapur II who reformed the church, and centralized the government. Shapur was mostly known for his suppression of the arab tribes within the empire. Ardashir II succeeded Shapur II but was deposed by Shapur III, during these times the borders were being encroached on by the Huns, Byzantines, and was threatened on its western
From the text we were able to gain insight into the Assyrian society. From An Assyrian Emperor’s Resume we were able to determine that they were a polytheistic society with Gods such as Nergal, Shamash, and Assur, the chief god. As well as given insight into who they believed in the text also reveals how they worshiped their gods. After Emperor Ashur-Nasir-Pal II seized the land of the king Karduniash, he build his royal dwelling and named it Der-Assur, the same name as the chief god.
Alexander began his military campaign and his rule much where his father left off. Whether or not it was his aim, this created a sense of normality for the men that was part of his father’s regime. Alexander’s position as a warrior-king who stood side-by-side among his men also served to create respect among his peers. Gradually, as Alexander conquered more Persian land, he began to adopt the policies of Persian rulers. Alexander’s change in policy extended beyond just political roles, he gave consideration to the local gods in many of the lands that he conquered. Eventually, Alexander brought people in from the conquered nations to serve under him.
The empire is considered as “history’s more creative experiment in rule by tolerance” (Daisy Moore). Herodotus accounts that Xerxes burnt temples in Athens “everywhere they went, there was devastation by fire and sword and towns and temples were burnt”. However, this wasn’t because the Athenians followed different religions, but rather because of their actions “I am a friend of right, I am not a friend to wrong… who does harm, him according to do the damage thus I punish” (Naqsh-I Rustam inscription). Daisy Moore states that many different cultures of the empire were “respected by the Persians – they were free to compile their own histories, speak their own language and worship their own gods providing they paid taxes to the officials of the king, used the king’s coin and housed the king’s soldiers”. This highlights the method in which Xerxes’ ruled his empire, and his religious
The Persian Empire and the Roman Empire are among the greatest empires the world has ever seen. The Persian Empire dynasties that were centered in Persia. The dynasties were formed as a result of conquest by ancient rulers such as the conquest of Babylonia, Lydia and Medina and later other dynasties followed to form the great Persian Empire. The vast empire spanned large geographical area which featured Turkey to its northern side and Egypt to its west and also ran through Mesopotamia. The Roman Empire was also a large empire that featured governance that was led by emperors. The Empire had large territories in places like Europe, Asia, and Africa. This paper is going to compare the Roman and Persian empires in relation to highlighting their successes and the assimilation of their conquered subjects into a centralized
...ti-colored and multi-raced people, which was something that almost none of the other ancient empires had. It was a peaceful empire and was admired by many people. It had amazing acheivements in goverment, military and communication. It was the largest empire in the Ancient World and was an amazing empire, for the 250 years it lasted. The Persian Empire will be remembered as the largest empire in the ancient world and the most tolerant.
The Babylonians were the 2nd group of people who conquered Sumer. The Babylonians rose by being lead by Hammurabi. Hammurabi was best known for his code of laws. The code of laws was meant for everyone in the city. The Babylonians were located on the banks of the Euphrates river. The river became an important part of trade. Hammurabi worked to unite his empire. The trade helped his empire economy a lot. Many types of artisans used materials brought back from different lands. These arts flourished so much. The code of laws helped him keep control of his empire and how he took care of his people in his empire. The kings begun to stop listening to Hammurabi and listening to other
The Persian Empire was ruled by Darius the Great from 522 to 485 BCE. He spent years improving administrative organization then worked on expanding the empire. This empire lasted longer than all the others because people could keep their own laws as long as they pay their taxes. The Persian army also allowed more protection from invasions. They used cuneiform writing borrowed from Summerians. More unifying forces they use was Universal System of Weights and Measure, Highway System, Postal service, and Zoroastrianism which was based on individual
Moving along, Persian Empire was founded around 548 BC. It was the first largest empire stretching from Atlantic Ocean, Morocco, to Indus River, India. The Persian Empire is most famous for its tolerance over other religions and races and the first people to write the Charter of Human Rights. They also invented coins, roads, postal system, and many more innovations.
Alexander’s first major victory was at the Granicus River. In May of 334 BC, Alexander’s army met the Persians in battle and defeated them. Following this victory, Alexander continued his march into Persia, and many towns simply surrendered, including Sardis. After a siege at Halicarnassus which Alexander eventually won, he moved on to meet the Persians again at Issus in November of 333 BC, under the command of Darius III of Persia. The Persian army had an advantage in numbers over Alexander’s, more than 2 to 1; but Alexander, using his ability to anticipate his enemies’ plans and counter them, again soundly defeated the Persians. In the midst of the battle, Darius fled. The
The conquests of Alexander the Great spread Hellenism immediately over the Middle East and far into Asia. After his death in 323 B.C., the influence of Greek civilization continued to expand over the Mediterranean world and W Asia. The wars of the Diadochi marked, it is true, the breakup of Alexander's brief empire, but the establishment of Macedonian dynasties in Egypt, Syria, and Persia (the Ptolemies and the Seleucidae) helped to mold the world of that day into a wider unity of trade and learning.
In his first battle he led his army against Persian Empire and was victorious, that day was a begging of a downfall of Persia. During his Balkan campaign he was able to defeat and repulse the Thracians and Tribalians rebellious vassals. By 334-335 B.C. Alexander secured Asia Minor, where he encountered the most resistance of all of the battles. In Battle of Issus, Alexander and his army battled with the Persians led by Darius III. Hemingway & Seán (2004) explain that despite being outnumbered, Alexander succeeds the victory and claimed the Persian Empire. Through he had conquered Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Bactria and Sogdiana, he still wanted to continue his campaigns and later proclaimed himself the King of
The greatest leaders in history often leave behind some sort of legacy. Cyrus the Great was the founder of the Persian Empire around 500 B.C., which was the largest empire of its time (Cyrus II, the Great). The empire stretched from ancient Iran, and grew to include an area reaching from Greece to India (Persian Empire). Cyrus’ reign saw some of the first contacts between Persia and Greece, and helped Persia gain the political power that had once been held by the people of Mesopotamia (Cyrus, the Great). Cyrus the Great proved to be an effective leader who developed a strong military that was stationed strategically throughout the empire to stop rebellions and keep trade routes safe, treated captives like the jews kindly, and implemented an organized administration of government that included satraps who governed locally.
Iran was included in the territory of what was then the ancient Persian Empire. For centuries Iran (land of the Aryans) was also referred to as Persia, which was the official name until 1935. Fourteen years had passed before the Iranian government allowed the use of both names. Few groups of people today have significant history like the Iranians, descending from the ancient Persians, who possess one of the world’s richest and oldest cultures. Historically, a variety of other cultures and groups had once occupied the ancient Iranian plateau as early as 4,000 B.C.E, with little importance. Beginning by the third millennium, Persia was ruled by some of the greatest kings of all time, from Cyrus the Great to Darius the III, who turned the Persian Empire into one of the world’s greatest civilizations.
...o the practice of other religions throughout his empire because his religion allowed for him to be a more moral and upright leader. However, Darius was a firm believer in the punishment of evil-doers. This can be seen by the inscription on the relief above the Royal Road, which stated that “The Lie made them rebellious, so that these [men] deceived the people. Afterwards Ahuramazda put them into my hand; as was my desire, so I did unto them (Primary Source, 131).” This supports the idea that Zoroastrianism, created benevolent yet firm political dignitaries.
He was also influential and clever. In each conquest, Alexander retained local officials who were loyal to him and he appointed Macedonian governors to the province capitals. He founded administrative capitals to control the regions. He founded Alexandria, Egypt which became the cultural capital of Mediterranean in the ancient world. Nevertheless, he also began to wear Persian clothing and he encouraged his soldiers to do the same in order to keep the peace. Therefore, he executed the men who resisted obeying his order. He married with a Persian and he encouraged his soldiers to marry with Persians to mix the culture. Persians loved Alexander and they respected him like he was a Persian like them. Even the Persian army joined with Alexander by will. That is why he controlled his massive empire without riots and this proves that he was very influential and clever.