Part (A) (1) The conditions of perfect competition are: 1. There must be many firms in the market, and each of them is small in terms of sales comparing to the total market. Thus, firms are price-takers because they cannot affect the market price. 2. All firms in the market produce non-differentiated or homogeneous products. 3. In perfectly competitive market should not be restricted so any firm will be able to enter and exit the market easily without preventing barriers. (2) In the perfectly competitive market, the short-run industry supply is always upward-sloping and the supply prices along the industry supply curve give the marginal costs of production for every firm contributing to industry supply. The short-run supply curve for …show more content…
Here is the explanation for the graph: When market price is more than ATC, that mean the firm makes a profit. When the price is equal to ATC, the firm reach the breakeven where total revenue = total cost. When the price is less than ATC, that means the firm experiences a loss. (4) The goal of the producer in the short-run is profit maximizing or loss minimizing. The profit maximizing or loss minimizing rule for a firm under the conditions of the perfect competition market is simple and intuitively appealing. The output should be set at the level where the difference between total revenue and the total cost of producing that output is the greatest. In other word, marginal costs equal to marginal revenue. Part (B) As known that the firm in the short run has at least fixed factor, and it seeks to maximize profit to minimize loss by adjusting the level of output. The firm should produce when the difference between total revenue and total cost is profitable or the loss is less than the fixed cost. However, it needs to stop producing or even shut down in the short-run when its loss exceeds its fixed costs. By shutting down, the firm’s loss will equal the fixed costs of producing. Part
average price. In long term this will not be the case since the operating costs will
A couple of Squares has a limited capacity for which to produce their products and smaller companies tend to have larger fixed costs than bigger companies. Therefore, A Couple of Squares must maximize profits in order to ensure that they will stay in business. A profit-oriented pricing objective is also useful because of A Couple of Squares’ increased sales goals. A Couple of Squares increased their sales goals due to recent financial troubles. Maximizing profits is the easiest way to meet these sales goals due to the fact that A Couple of Squares has limited production capacity. The last key consideration favors a profit-oriented pricing objective because A Couple of Squares offers a specialty product. A specialty product often has limited competition, therefore can be priced on customer value. Pricing at customer value will maximize profits as well as customer satisfaction. A Couple of Squares’ lack of production capacity, increased sales goals, and specialty product favor a profit-oriented pricing
A perfect competition is a microeconomics idea that depicts a market sector structure controlled totally by market sector powers. In a perfectly competitive market sector, all organizations offer indistinguishable products and services. Firms could not control winning market sector costs, piece of the overall industry per firm is little, firms and clients have immaculate learning about the market, and no boundaries to passage or way out exist. If by any chance that any of these conditions are not met, a market sector is not perfectly competitive. Perfect competition is a conceptual idea that happens in economics aspects course books. However, not in this present reality. Imperfect competition, in which a focused market sector does not meet
Others added that monopolies produce less output and charge a higher price than a purely competitive environment. The monopolist sets the marginal revenue equal to marginal cost and output is therefore smaller. In monopolies, profits can persist indefinitely, because high barriers to entry prevent new firms from taking part in the
The ease at which a firm can enter and exit a market will leave it
No single firm can influence market price in a competitive industry; therefore a firm’s demand curve is perfectly elastic and price equals marginal revenue. Short-run profit maximization by a competitive firm can be analyzed by comparing total revenue and total cost or applying marginal analysis. A firm maximizes its short-run profit by producing that output at which total revenue exceeds total cost by the greatest amount.
There are high entry costs to enter the market. The large industry competitors already have captured the market share.
But since " price wars" only lead to a loss in revenue for these firms
A perfectly competitive market is based on a model of perfect competition. For a market to fall under this model it must have a number of firms, homogeneous products, and easy exit and entry levels into the market (McTaggart, 1992).
The Perceived Demand Curve for a Perfect Competitor and Monopolist (Principle of Microeconomics, 2016). A perfectly competitive firm (a) has multiple firms competing against it, making the same product. Therefore the market sets the equilibrium price and the firm must accept it. The firm can produce as many products as it can afford to at the equilibrium price. However, a monopolist firm (b) can either cut or raise production to influence the price of their products or service. Therefore, giving it the ability to make substantial products at the cost of the consumers. However, not all monopolies are bad and some are even supported by the
Can you imagine the world with a limited amount of choices when it comes to purchasing different products and services? How does perfect competition and monopolistic competition differ and effect our buying power? As stated by Investopedia (2016), “Perfect competition is the opposite of a monopoly, in which only a single firm supplies a particular good or service, and that firm can charge whatever price it wants because consumers have no alternatives and it is difficult for would-be competitors to enter the marketplace (para 1)”.
An oligopolistic market has a small number of sellers dominating market share and therefore barriers to entry are high. These sellers are highly competitive and do not act independently of each other. Access to information is limited so sellers can only speculate of their competitor’s actions. Sellers will take advantage of competitor’s price changes in order to increase market share.
When the price of raw material will go up or down, the production coats will rise or fall. Secondly, the price of substitute products also affect the supply curve. Because the relatived products are competitive relationship, when the price of one product goes up, another will goes down. It will affect suppy. Thirdly, production technology will affect the supply curve. When the level of technology is rising or falling , the production costs will go down or up. finally, the government policies will affect the supply curve. Positive policies will make the supply go up, conversely, it will go down. For example, the govenrment limit the amount of cars which people can buy, it will caused the supply curve down. In addition, the price of product in the future and the development of product company will also affect the supply
The second market structure is a monopolistic competition. The conditions of this market are similar as for perfect competition except the product is not homogenous it is differentiated; thus having control over its price. (Nellis and Parker, 1997). There are many firms and freedom of entry into the industry, firms are price makers and are faced with a downward sloping demand curve as well as profit maximizers. Examples include; restaurant businesses, hotels and pubs, specialist retailing (builders) and consumer services (Sloman, 2013).
Intuitively, a cost-plus approach sets a lower boundary for the selling price. Yet to pitch a competitive price on the market, it takes more than that. The demand forecast advocates opting for the lowest selling price which yields the highest return. A market penetration strategy necessitates thorough knowledge of the selling prices of the nearest competitors and their retaliation potential. Ideally, the lowest price in the market of £10,400 dictates the upper ceiling of AUDI’s price discretion. However, setting initially a too low price in the hope for increasing it subsequently is not a viable option, as prices are somewhat inflexible upward. Instead, costs have to sink in the long run. Nevertheless, claiming a larger market share will allow AUDI to deftly climb the steep learning curve, lower its costs and further mobilize against market followers. A high price elasticity of demand insinuates that profit margins will continue to soar, if selling prices are reduced any further. As the point of maximum profit is apparently not yet reached, the company is advised to extend the range of the forecast. But is the highest profit naturally the best profit?