And Some Historians Said
It is famous from the speeches of those who deal with the story of A'ad that they are destroyed after the existence of Abraham (PUH) and the building of the Holy House in Holy Mecca, and said: it is poissble the A'ad were the longest living people on earth and also the greatest in bodies. And who said that A'ad is the son of `Ewas ben Iram then he got so far with that, because in such a short time it is not possible for Iram to generate such a huge tribe that works on earth and be proud of its strength as A'ad used to be, for they were people of agriculture and enslaved people as it is mentioned by Hud (PUH) in his saying to them as been told by the Holy Book: Do ye build a landmark on every high place to amuse yourselves? And do ye get for yourselves fine buildings in the hope of living therein (forever)? And when ye exert your strong hand, do ye do it like men of absolute power? Now fear Allah, and obey me. Yea, fear Him Who has bestowed on you freely all that ye know. Freely has He bestowed on you cattle and sons, And Gardens and Springs. (Al-Sho'arâ':128-134).
They also mentioned that the headquarter of A'ad and their homes were in the land of Ahqâf and it is located in the north of Hadramawt, and their place now is just a sandy location with no one living thing after that great construction, and Al-Ahqâf means the place of lot of sands as in the language. And as mentioned before they used to worship the idols instead of God, the Exalted, as the people of Noah (PUH) used to do. It is reported from Ibn Abbâs that they had an idol called "Samud" and another one called "Al-Hattâr", so then God sent to them Hud (PUH) and he was from a tribe called "Al-Khalood", and he was one of nobles with a nice-looking face, with a shape and body like them, white with a long beard, so he called them to worship God and believe in the One and stop worshipping the idols and doing wrong to people, but they refused to do so and called him a liar and said: Who's stronger than us? And Hud used to warn them and
Ibn Munqidh, Usama. "From Memoirs." McNeill, William and Marilyn Robinson Waldman. The Islamic World. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1973. 184-206.
The Anasazi settled in wide circles in modern parts, such as Utah, Colorado, New Mexico and Africa. The Anasazi built roads, buildings,and great keevers. The keevers they built could hold up to 500 people. In the 1900s the Anasazi had a plan to create a mecca for trade at the center of their land. Anasazi found balance in the land. They harnessed food and water. They also had a worship room underground. They believed the place they found was chosen by the great spirits. The trade center was monumental 400 miles of distinctive road all headed towards the canyon. The trade center was a place where the creator provided everything. When it came to trading everything had a worth value. They had aesthetics of turquoise jewelry. The Anasazi believed women had quality. They signaled with smoke signals.
dwelled in "the name of the Lord of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel" (1
Unique favor to Abraham’s offspring: According to the Book of Genesis it is indisputable how God vowed to make a great nation out of Abraham, which turned out to be Israel. (Christian, Messaianic, and Jewish Research into Israel’s Two Houses) It has been christened as Kingdom of God or Christendom. The earth multiplied and even today many descendants of Abraham exist.
Hourani, Albert. A History of the Arab Peoples. Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP, 1991. Print.
After conquering northern Israel in 722 B.C.E., the Assyrians engendered centuries of political intrigue and laid the foundation for future unscrupulous kingdoms and idolatrous people.1 Once the Babylonian empire overthrew Josiah, the King of Judah, Habakkuk began to compose a prophetic book, questioning the ways of God. Above all, Habakkuk could not comprehend why “the evil circumvented the just”2; he thought that the impiety of the world did not correlate with a supposedly just God.3 Throughout his narrative, this biblical prophet came to understand that “the just man, because of his faith, shall live” (Hb 2,4). Eventually discovering that righteousness and faith in God lead to justice, Habakkuk cried out to the people of Judah through his prophetic words, assuring that divine intervention would eradicate the wickedness and oppression.
During this time, Mecca was mostly populated with polytheistic followers. In 610 C.E, Prophet Muhammad, had his first revelations that advance the Islamic culture. His revelations became a way of life for his followers. When the religion started rising in numbers, Muhammad and his followers was exiled from Mecca. When the followers migrated to Medina, Islam began to spread. This religion had much influence in the locations it was practiced in. The Quran is the way of life to its people. The five pillars expressed in the Quran were the religious laws Muslims were expected to follow. They were expected to only accept there is one God and one messenger, Muhammad, pray five times a day, give the poor 2.5 percent of their savings, fast during the month of Ramandan, and pilgrimage to Mecca, where the Holy Ka’ba is located. Besides the religious impact, Muhammad also created a political empire. He united different tribes and customs. Muhammad was very influential that after his death, the religion faced a challenge. They did not have a successor or leader, so many followers left the religion, refused to pay taxes, and wars begun. In the mid- seventh century, the Muslims started wars with the Byzantine and Persian Empires and conquered them. Muslims ruled over many religious groups including Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians. As the Muslims became powerful, they created laws that taxed other religious groups to practice their faith. In the “Pact of Umar”, Christians agreed under extreme circumstances in order to practice their faith. They agreed to not fix the damages done to their churches, to not display any religious ornaments, to not spread the faith, and many more. The Muslims conquered and progressed in
Muhammad’s uncle was a clan chief in the Mecca, so when his uncle died he had no one to protect him and became dangerous for Muhammad (Gabriel 60). Muhammad fled to Yathrib because of the danger in Mecca. Yathrib became known as Madinat al-Nabi (the City of the Prophet), which in short they called Medina. During Muhammad’s time in Medina, he became their teacher, judge, arbitrator, adviser, consoler, and father figure (Haleem xii). The people of Medina hoped Muhammad would be a favorable arbitrator for their warring tribes, and he carried out this hope. Muhammad commanded multiple wars and raids, most with the Meccans. The Muslims, denied the right to enter Mecca, agreed to a truce made with the Meccan alliance. This truce, known as the Treaty of Al-Hudaybiyya, allows Muslims to preach peacefully (Haleem xxxvii). A tribe allied with Mecca broke this truce, prompting Muslims to attack Mecca. Meccan leaders surrendered and accepted Islam without a fight (Haleem xii).
In the beginning, “the institutions of Islam at this point were still grounded in Arabian identities”, but with the erection of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem a more Islamic identity emerged as the essence of Islam through the preservation of the Qur`anic text – the epitome of the Islamic tradition (Berkey 77). Islam had expanded on such a large scale geographically that it was only natural that their presence on the religious scale be established. It proclaimed the emergence of Islam as a supreme new faith linked to biblical tradition yet distinct from the religions of the conquered people. The Dome contrasted against the other religions already heavily present in the Near East. It was “in the thick of a competition, almost a confrontation, between Christianity and Islam”, but inexplicitly also shaped the original perception of the Dome through this competition (Grabar 54). By explicitly inscribing the text of the Quran for the first time it signified that the people of Islam had now reached a point after the death of Mohammed that they felt they knew who they were and were coming to realize what they were as Muslims. In this way “the Dome reflects the process by which Islam gradually came together in a distinctive shape” (Berkey
Nehemiah the Israelite leader displays numerous traits of a Servant Leader in the biblical book, Nehemiah. Nehemiah sets out on a quest to rebuild the city of Jerusalem and the wall that surrounds his beloved home. During this time, he encounters many obstacles and will overcome all roadblocks put in front of him. This paper will provide an analysis of two significant events, building the wall around Jerusalem and organizing Jerusalem’s people to rebuild the city.
Early Arabs were people who were polytheistic they believed in many gods. they were also nomads. The Arabs were Semitic-speaking people who settled around the Arabian peninsula. where it was mostly dry land and desert. most Arabs were Sheppard’s and farmers some were also wealthy. since they settled in a place limited to water the Arabs were always on the move looking for water and food for themselves and their animals. living like this was not easy to make it easier Arabs had tribes they stayed in kind of like modern day native Americans you stayed with your tribe if you wanted to survive. each tribe had a leader which was chosen by one of the leading families by a council of elders. even though tribes looked independent they were
The religion known as Islam has a rich history beginning with Ishmael’s birth in 1911 BC. Ishmael is the figure known in Christianity and Islam as Abraham and Hagar’s son. Hagar was a slave to Sarah and Abraham, but since Sarah had trouble conceieving a baby Abrham had a baby with Hagar. Sarah eventually realized she did not like that Hagar and Ismael were living with her and her family so she asked for them to be sent away. As a result, Ishmael and Hagar journied to Mecca. Later Abraham returned to Mecca and built the Ka’bah, or a holy building. The Ka’bah became a refuge and place of pilgrimage. Abraham and Ishmael prayed that God would send a messenger to tell their descendants about God and holy revelations. In Islam, Ishmael is known as a prophet and ancestor to Muhammad.
Sela, A (2002)"Jerusalem." The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East. Ed. Avraham Sela. New York: Continuum, 2002. pp. 491-498.
o'er the earth") and that they became known to man as the heathen idols of
...42-46, 107-121, 173-175 in Religions of the Ancient Near East. The Westminster Press, 1972, Print.