Most reported abuse happen in kids younger than three years old. Sometimes, if what the parent tells the technologist what happened does not correlate with the pathology seen, then a strong case of child abuse can be made.
Child abuse is classified into six major types, such as: Neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological maltreatment, medical neglect and other abuse. Radiology can assist confirmation of child abuse in all categories but radiography has a strong role in physical abuse (Bontrager, 2014).
The radiographic indications for child abuse are mainly: classic metaphyseal lesions, rib fractures, and healing fractures (Bontrager, 2014).
Classic metaphyseal lesion (CML) is a fracture of a long bone. It is along the metaphysis that results in a tearing or avulsion of the metaphysis. Corner fracture and bucket-handle fracture are other names for the CML based on their appearance and location. On a radiograph technologists should look for crescent-shaped osseous densities adjacent to the avulsion fragment. This type of fracture is caused by vigorous forces exerted on the metaphysis, such as pulling on an extremity or from holding a child around the thorax and shaking violently, such as shaken baby syndrome (Bontrager, 2014).
Rib fractures mainly represent shaken baby syndrome. When a child is held strongly under the axilla and shaken, the amount of vigor exerted in the anterior and posterior direction is enough to fracture multiple ribs. This allows for fractures at the costovertebral and costotransverse articulations. This action may also fracture the scapula posteriorly and the sternum anteriorly (Bontrager, 2014).
Multiple healing fractures main also raise notion for child abuse. However, technologists should also c...
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...fants, and diagnosing pyloric stenosis, which frequently can eliminate the need for an upper gastrointestinal study. It is used on children with sickle cell anemia to image the major blood vessels and to check for sings of vascular spasm that may indicate an impending cerebrovascular accident. A newer form of Sonography is three-dimensional fetal ultrasound, which facilitates earlier diagnosis of potential genetic abnormalities by allowing better visualization of soft tissue, such as facial and head features and shapes (Bontrager, 2014).
Works Cited
Bontrager, K. L., & Lampignano, J. P. (2014). Radiographic Positioning and Related Anatomy (Eighth ed., pp. 624-626). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
Alterman, D. M. (2013, August 2). Considerations in Pediatric Trauma. In Medscape. Retrieved March 25,
2014, from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/435031-overview#a1
Case citation: Awkerman v. Tri-County Orthopedic Group, 373 N.W.2d 204 (Mich. Ct. App. 1985). (Child abuse reporting)
“Tutorial 7 · Recognizing and Addressing Trauma in Infants, Young Children, and Their Families.” Trauma Signs and Symptoms, 3 Dec. 2017, www.ecmhc.org/tutorials/trauma/mod3_1.html.
The parent or caretaker may claim that the child did not intend to hurt the child, that the injury was an accident. It may however, have been the result of over-discipline or physical punishment that is inappropriate to the child?s age. In 1998 NCANDS (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System) calculated the Fatalities by Maltreatment, Child Abuse and Neglect.... ... middle of paper ... ...
Child Abuse is an extremely significant conflict around the world; it is the physical maltreatment or sexual molestation of a child. There are 4 main types of victimization against children. Those containing physical, emotional, sexual abuse and neglect. Physical abuse is when a parent or guardian wounds their child in the form of injuring them or in any other manner causing them agony. Emotional abuse also recognized as mental abuse is when they mentally upset a child’s feelings that may generate trauma. Sexual abuse can probably be characterized as someone forcing a child in an act of unwanted sexual relationships. Neglect is the form of not providing a child with their basic physical and emotional necessities. Most people are forming organizations to prevent from future child abuse occurring but most people are also not getting involved in such dangerous crimes. Usually more than 90% of abusers tend to be people children know, love, or trust, according to Bright Futures 4 Kids.
Images of the left hand were taken in the PA, Oblique, and Lateral projections by the Student Radiographer with assistance from the Radiologic Technologist and reviewed by the Physician. Not all three views of the images were attached to this case study. The presence of a fracture in the left fifth metacarpal neck was present with dorsal rotation in the PA and Oblique images only. The patient was able to fully participate in the imaging process without any further complaints. There were no further diagnostic procedures, including lab work, done on this evening.
There are many different types of sexual abuse, some more extreme than others. Sexual abuse falls into two categories: contact and non-contact. 5 Sexual abuse involving contact “may include fondling a child's genitals, masturbation, oral-genital contact, digital penetration, and vaginal and anal intercourse” and non-contact sexual abuse could include “exposure, voyeurism, and child pornography.” 6 All sexual abuse, no matter how severe or mild by definition, is damaging to the young child and can affect his/her neurological and psychological development and health, and affect him/her throughout life.
Child abuse is the physical, sexual, or emotional mistreatment, or neglect of a child. It can be detrimental to one’s daily life, affecting not only the abused child, but also those who are associated with the child. It can have lasting effects that may carry over to adulthood and cause potential issues with relationships or perhaps within their own families as well. It is important that we learn to recognize the signs of child abuse and neglect so that we can save the lives and future of our children. Child abuse is widespread, often not reported, and is responsible for many problems involving our youth today.
There are different types of child abuse. One type is physical abuse. It involves the parent inflicting injuries to the child’s body. These injuries can include: bruises, burns, broken bones, head injuries and even injuries to internal organs (General Information about Child Abuse). As a result of physical abuse, children may be scared and shy when people approach them and try to touch them. Another sign that abused children might show can be them wearing long clothing in order to cover and hide their injuries (General Information about Child Abuse). They do this in order to prevent outside factors from asking them questions. The main sign of this kind of physical abuse that the parents or caregivers can show are anger problems or the excessive need for control.
Finding a definition of child physical abuse is controversial, but the signs of a child being abused is straightforward if you know how to read them. For example, Hitting, punching, kicking them, or using objects to injure to abuse them. All those examples are seen in the case of 8- year- old, Gabriel Fernandez after he was brutally abused for eight months.
The current patient may be experiencing a range of traumatic injuries after his accident, the injuries that the paramedic will focus on are those that are most life threatening. These injuries include: a possible tension pneumothroax or a haemothorax, hypovolemic shock, a mild or stable pelvic fracture and tibia fibula fracture.
Because MRI is difficult to perform on a child who's unstable, it's usually done two to three days after the injury. • Skeletal survey. A series of skeletal X-rays. It includes the arms, hands, legs, feet, spine, ribs and skull and find the previous fractures. • Ophthalmological exam.
A fracture is another name for a broken bone. They must be treated immediately to prevent further injury. In some situations, you may need to call for emergency help. If the person experiences heavy bleeding, the bone pierces the skin, the extremity is numb or if a bone is broken in the spine or head, call emergency services immediately. If the person is unresponsive, begin CPR if there is no pulse or breathing.
Blunt force trauma is defined as a traumatic event caused by the introduction of any blunt instrument forcefully, causing injury to the body or head. The Severity of injury is determined by various factors. It may be due to mechanical force such as compression, traction, torsion or shear. Impact of the injury and severity depends on object and movement of victim. Injuries occurred may be internal such as lacerations of internal tissues, organs, fractures of bones or may be external such as abrasion, avulsion, contusion and laceration (Pollak & Saukko, 2009). Severity also depends on anatomical site impacted for ex: Lacerations have irregular margin, hanging causes abrasions, contusions and hyoid bone fractures, Ocular hemorrhages in case of blunt trauma to eyes or Fracture of ribs when hit on chest by a blunt object (Ressel, Hetzel, & Ricci, 2016). Severity is also determined by the duration of time and amount of force applied. Nature of trauma is of importance in forensic medicine. It helps in
A closed or simple fracture is one in which the bone is broken, but no external wound exists (Skeletal System). An open or compound fracture involves a broken bone and an external wound that leads to the site of fracture, the bone commonly protrudes through the skin (Skeletal System).In open or compound fractures, any bleeding must be stopped before the fracture is treated (Skeletal System). A complicated fracture is one in which a broken bone has injured an internal organ, an example of this is a broken rib rupturing a lung (Skeletal System). In a comminuted fracture, the bone has broken or shattered into pieces. An impacted fracture occurs when the bone is broken and one end is wedged into the interior of another bone. An incomplete fracture occurs when the line of fracture does not completely transverse the entire bone. A greenstick fracture is when the broken bone does not extend through the entire thickness of the bone (Skeletal
Child abuse is a very serious problem that continues to happen all over the world. The Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act, defines child abuse as a failure to act as a parent or caregiver which results in physical/emotional harm, sexual abuse, and in some cases death. There are many different types of child abuse such as emotional, physical, neglect, and sexual. With each type of abuse there are warning signs you can spot before it is too late. When a child is abused there is a huge possibility that it can cause them to have many long term effects.