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Do different parenting styles affect the psychological development
Myers briggs personality test analysis
Myers briggs personality test analysis
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In Asian context, it seems father’s parenting style and mother’s parenting style has different effect on students. Therefore, I predict students who received authoritative parenting from either father or mother will get higher academic achievement, but students who received authoritarian parenting from mother will get higher grades as well. As there were differences between fathers’ and mothers’ parenting style (Shek, 1998), Mckinney and Renk (2008) found adolescents perceive father and mother have different parenting styles, fathers were more likely to be authoritarian and mothers were more likely to be authoritative and permissive. Because of that, present study measured fathers’ and mothers’ parenting style separately. Moreover, instead of asking parent’s parenting style directly, student’s perceived parenting styles was measured. Personality and Academic Performance Many studies tried to explore the relationship between personality and academic performance and found some personality traits are relate to academic achievement (Digman, 1997; Murphy & Cleveland, 1995; Poropat, 2009; Poropat, 2011). To measure one’s personality traits, there are many scales, for example the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), the five-factor model (FFM) and the Eysenckian personality model. According to the Poropat (2009) meta-analysis, the FFM is the dominant models of personality, it measures personality in five dimensions: agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, extraversion and openness to experience. For the Eysenckian personality model, the Eysenckian personality questionnaire (EPQ) was widely used. Poropat (2011) suggested it as the predecessors to the question of understanding academic performance, and it have some modest v... ... middle of paper ... ...irical evidence of validity of EPQ (Poropat, 2011). In the present study, I will also use the EPQ as a tool to measure participant’s personality traits. But according to Poropat (2011), different age and different school settings, for example primary school versus high school, may confound the results. Therefore, I will study participants in same educational settings, for example, all participants are college students. Moreover, consider the distance between teacher and students in college, extraverted students may not gain much advantage in relations with teachers, therefore, I predicted extraversion and introversion personality traits may not significantly associated with academic performance, but the level of neuroticism is strongly associated with student’s academic performance, neurotic students should have lower academic performance than not neurotic students.
Parenting styles have been widely defined by Baumrind into three categories, authoritative, authoritarian and permissive. Parenting styles can be defined as a pattern of attitudes in how parents choose to express and communicate with their children. These styles are categorized based on the level of nurturance, parental control and level of responsiveness (Dwairy, 2004). Authoritative style exhibits high levels of demand, responsiveness and nurturance; authoritarian style exhibits high levels of demand but low levels of responsiveness, permissive style exhibits low levels of demand but high in responsiveness and nurturance (Dwairy, 2004). These parenting styles have been proposed to have a significant impact on a child’s development as well as academic achievement and psychological well-being. Children reared by authoritative parents are stated to have the highest levels of academic achievement, self-esteem, emotional adjustment and well-being according to Baumrind’s category of styles (Dwairy, 2004). However, these three categories are based on Western samples and have been said to describe parenting styles mainly in the West and question its limitations in describing parenting across cultures, as each style’s defining patterns may have different meanings across cultures.
Cervone, D., Pervin, L. A. (2008). Personality: Theory and research (10th Ed.). New York: Wiley.
In this study, another relationship between parenting styles and child development is presented. Participants were 7,836 adolescents enrolled in six high schools in San Francisco. They were provided with a questionnaire that included student background information, self-reported grades, parental attitudes and behaviors, and family commutation information. The study included three parenting styles, which were authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative. Each one of the styles were described in the students’ questionnaire. The authoritarian style included the idea that as a response to a bad grade, parents tend to get upset, and when good grades are achieved, parents tell the student to do even better than what they have done. On the other hand, permissive parenting style was described as parents no caring about the students’ grade, and that hard work in school is not important for them. Then, they included authoritative parenting style as supportive parents that praise the student when good grades are achieved and more freedom to make decisions is given, but when poor grades are obtained, freedom is taken away and students are encouraged to try harder and some source of help is
If there was a right way of parenting would you want to know which one is a suitable or unsuitable way of raising your children? There are various parenting ways that may be detrimental to your child and it might affect them in an unfortunate way once they have grown up. However, there is always a more efficient way that will have a robust effect on their adult life. There are many ways to raise a child, here are a few examples of different types of parenting. For instance, there is authoritative parenting where they are strict to the point where the child listens to their parents rules, but they also give them the space they need so the child does not feel like they are being suffocated by them. Helicopter parenting is
Mothers go through all sorts of stress. While parenting can be overwhelmingly stressful, it’s important to consider the possible implications of our actions and how our responses to situations can affect how our children feel physically and mentally. Recent research (2014) has investigated some aspects of how a mother’s physical response to a stressful situation could effect her infant. Knowing that infants can indirectly pick up a mother’s personal reaction can keep a mother aware of her actions and ultimately provide better care for the infant.
(1997). McRae et al. (1997) attempted to find if the Five-Factor Model was a universal constant in all cultures. They also attempted to see if cultural views would change how the five traits were viewed. The researchers collected data from 6 different translations of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, this inventory looks for universal trait dimensions in a variety of languages. These 6 translations were then compared to the American counterpart. It was found that while some cultures did differ slightly in their view of the five traits found in the Five-Factor Model in comparison to Americans, the traits were still universal. All six translations found the big five traits of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and opens to experience to be
Since before until now, a lot of studies have examined parenting styles related to parent’s gender as well as parenting behaviour will also affect children’s even adolescence’s self-esteem. Initially, there are three type of parenting styles which are authoritarian parenting style, permissive parenting style and authoritative parenting style. Authoritarian parenting style is parents that show in high demanding but inconsiderable responsiveness toward their children. Permissive parenting style is parents that low on demanding but high in responsiveness to their children. While, authoritative parenting style is most likely the combination of authoritarian and permissive parenting style. Those parents are showing considerable responsiveness toward their children but also with demand (Baumrind, 1971). However, from the past studies, parenting style had distinguished to 4 types. While permissive parenting style had differentiated to 2 categories which are indulgent, parents that are more responsiveness but low on demands toward their children and neglectful, parents that do not care and demand their
P.J. (2004). Personality: Theory and Research. USA: Wiley. SMITH. T. W. and WILLIAMS.
...Five Personality, and the Prediction of Advanced Academic and Workplace Performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(2), 298-319. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.93.2.298
Personality can be defined as an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting. Many personality theorists have put forward claims as to where personality is derived from and how it develops throughout an individual’s life. The two main personality theories this essay will be focusing on is the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) (Bandura, 1986) and the Trait Theory – Five Factor Theory (FFT) (McCrae and Costa, 1995). The SCT allocates a central role to cognitive, observational learning and self-regulatory processes (Bandura, 1986). An individual’s personality develops through experiences with their sociocultural environment. Whereas the Trait Theory proposes that all individuals are predisposed with five traits (Extraversion, Openness, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness and Neuroticism) which determines our personality. This theory also puts forward that personality is stable and cannot change as it’s biologically determined.
Friedman, H. S., & Schustack, M. W. (2012). Personality: Classic theories and modern research (5th ed). Boston , MA, USA: Pearson
The Five-Factor Model of Personality is a system used in order to describe an individual’s personality traits. By requiring said individual to answer a series of questions, this test is able to decipher the traits that are most likely evident within their life. The Five-Factor Model of Personality test gives the test subject a series of situational options. Using the subject’s responses, psychologist match the answers to the personality in which best relates. A highly accurate description of ones’ personality can be easily configured by using the Five-Factor Model of Personality by testing either high or low in the following areas; openness to experience, extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
Parenting styles have the capacity of influencing a child’s social, cognitive, and psychological growth, which would then affect the child both in their childhood years, and as an adult.
The Big Five personality factors are the modern way of describing someone’s feelings, actions, and traits. This new factor map, improving Hans and Sybil Eysenck’s two-dimensional map which consisted of a stable/unstable axis and an introverted/extroverted axis, has five different factors. They are Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism and everyone can be described using these five criteria. This paper will discuss and interpret my results from a Big Five personality test including how accurate I believe it is and how this might change in the future.
One of the most critical aspects of raising a child is the way they are disciplined. Disciplining a child starts early in their life and how it is done sets an example for them of how to respond to undesirable behaviors. Everyone’s parenting style differs, but the majority fall into four major categories: Authoritarian, Authoritative, Neglectful, and Indulgent. Electing a parenting style is hard and in most cases, the chosen or natural parenting style is based on the effects of the parenting style the parent experienced when they were young.