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Parenting styles and their effect on children
The impacts of the parenting styles on childrens development
Essay on authoritarian parenting styles
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Parenting style is considered as one of the key factors for children’s early development (Nam & Chung, 2014) and it is defined as the parents’ perceivable attitudes and behaviour towards the child (Darling & Steinberg, 1993). There are three styles of parenting according to Baumrind (1968); authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive. Then Maccoby and Martin (1983) added neglectful parenting as the fourth parenting style. These styles involved two parenting strategies: parental responsiveness and demandingness. Also known as parental warmth and control; parental warmth refers to which parents intentionally nurture of individuality, self-regulation, and self-assertion by being supportive and making sure to obtain children 's special needs and …show more content…
However, in this type of parenting style, authoritative parents are more responsive to their child, more willing to listen to questions and more forgiving rather than punishing when their child fail to meet expectations. These parents are more supportive, rather than punitive, also, they focus on making their child confident and socially responsible.(Baumrind, 1966). In authoritarian parenting style, children are expected to follow the strict rules and regulation established by the parents. The parents are too demanding and directive but not really responsive towards their children. They are also status-orientated and children are expected to obey their rules without any explanations (Baumrind, 1991). Then, there is the permissive parenting style in which the parents rarely discipline their child because they have low expectations of maturity and self-regulation. Permissive parent is more responsive, non-traditional and lenient towards their child. They are nurturing and very open with their child (Baumrind, 1991). Lastly, neglectful parenting style is those parents who have both low demandingness and responsiveness towards their children. These parents are generally detached from their child’s life and in some cases; they may even reject or neglect their child’s needs (Maccoby & Martin,
The first style is indulgent. According to Darling (1999) “indulgent parents are more responsive than demanding.” This style of parenting is also called permissive parenting which means parents “rarely discipline their children because they have relatively low expectations of maturity and self-control” (Parenting Styles: The Four Styles of Parenting, 2014). The next style is referred to as authoritarian parenting. “Authoritarian parents are highly demandind and directive, but not responsive like permissive parents” (Darling, 1999). This style expects children to follow the rules which are established by the parents (Parenting Styles: The Four Styles of Parenting, 2014). Authoritative parenting is not to be confused with authoritarian parenting because it parents are both demanding and responsive. In this style, “parents are responsive to their children and willing to
Diana Baumrind, a developmental psychologist, was the first psychologist to identify parenting styles in 1967. The three parenting styles are authoritative, authoritarian and permissive. At one time, these three were the only parenting styles but later on, uninvolved parenting was added to the list of parenting styles. The four parenting styles are described on how much love, rules and the child’s behavior. Looking back to my childhood, I can see how all the parents showed the different parenting styles, including my parents.
No one teaches us how to be parents. As parents raise their children they hope to raise them to be good members of society. A child’s upbringing is reflected as they interact with other children and other people. When they come to act inappropriately or in a way society doesn’t see as normal, the person to blame is the parent. As a parent, today and always, they need to raise their child to meet the societal norms and at the same teach them to be good citizens. The parenting a person receives will be reflected when they form their own family. The belief is then formed to be to raise a better family than the one raised in. The different parenting styles and the factors have to be taken into consideration such as time, the environment, and the social and psychological aspects as well. The belief is to be a loving and tolerating parent but there is no perfect way to parent because each child has their own needs.
There are four basic styles according to the fourfold categorization from Maccoby and Martin in 1983. Authoritative, which is when the parents mix warm acceptance of the child, along with control; authoritarian, which is when the parents are over-bearing with control, and provide little warmth; indulgent, which is when the parents show copious amounts of warmth and acceptance, while lacking in control; and lastly, there is neglectful, where the parents have no control and also show little warmth. Children from the authoritative style are said to be happy, successful, and competent in many tasks. Those in authoritarian styles grow into obedience and efficiency, but lack in self-esteem, happiness, and ability to be social. The indulgent parenting style producing children who will lack self-esteem and happiness, and they will do poorly in school, while experiencing problems with authority. The last parenting style, neglectful, yields children that rank badly in all categories. These children have a tendency to have low self-esteem, low self-control, and a low happiness level, while being less competent than other children around
Authoritarian parenting or strict parenting are formed by parents who are very demanding and lack of responsiveness. Parents do not allow long dialogue with their children, also they expect their children to follow very strict rules and if they do not follow those rules they will get punished by their parents demanding obedience. On the other hand, we have a different type of parenting style called permissive or indulgent, these types of parents are very responsive but they lack demanding, these parents are very nurturing, loving, and lenient. They avoid any type of confrontation with their child
Diana Baumrind did a study on 154-year-old children. She also interviewed their mother studying their warm control and the response and demands. In 1967 her results she came up with three different types of parenting and later there was a fourth added. One type of parenting is
These two styles; authoritarian, and permissive both have deleterious results that are often visible throughout different developmental stages, such as rebellious behavior. As well each style has its own advantages such as; acceptance by peers with commonality. Child rearing for most parents is an evolving set of skills. It could be said that, with any style of parenting, there is no explicit set of rules for every situation, and what works for one child may not be effective for another. Even though authoritarian and permissive parenting may have some minor similarities they are remarkably different from one another in their approach to raising children.
During Diana Baumrind’s research as a developmental psychologist, she concluded that parents fall under three different styles of parenting: Authoritarian, Permissive, and Authoritative. Baumrind’s styles were based on how one disciplines and nurtures their child (Cherry, n.d., p. 1). Authoritarian parents make discipline the highest priority when raising their children. They do not see any grey area about discipline (Belsky, 2013, p. 205). Rules, and enforcement of rules, are never left up to discussion. Whatever the parent says must go and the child is expected to fully comply. The standards they have set must be lived up to without any exceptions (Cherry, n.d., p. 1). Because the parents are not focused on the child’s emotional needs the parents are often viewed as not very warm and loving (Belsky, 2013, p.205). Permissive parenting is the antithesis of Authoritarian parents. Belsky (2013) stated that permissive parents do not lay down strict rules or discipline. There are not high expectations of how a child should behave or perform. The parents focus is not on rules or reprimanding, but on the child’s own wants and happiness. The parents’ main focus is on nurturing the child’s emotional needs (p.205). In the Authoritative parenting style there are definitely rules and ideas of how the child should behave, but the parents take a more diplomatic approach to parenting. Nothing is ever set in stone and parents negotiate freely with their children about the rules and repercussions. Unlike the Authoritarian style of parenting, these parents have a balance of “both nurturing” and discipline. Parents still have expectations about their children, but understand that they ...
There are several different styles of parenting, authoritarian, authoritative, disengaged, and permissive, according to Diana Baumrind with different characteristics and goals. The two quantifiers of the different types of parenting are responsiveness which is the degree that parents are sensitive to their child’s needs and express love, warmth, and concern for them, and demandingness which is the degree that parents set down rules and expectations for behavior and require their children to comply with them (Arnett, 2016). These different styles of parenting produce children with different outcomes in terms of personality and behavior, and that difference is due to the amounts of responsiveness and demandingness that is present in each of the styles. These outcomes of the children will affect them their entire life, from how they raise their children to how they fit in at school and in their culture to their grades and social life.
Another type of parenting style is authoritarian parenting, which is demanding but not responsive. This is a more restrictive, heavy punishment parenting style that the parents, their children to follow their rules with no communication between them. They will not explain why the rules are set that way and the limits. It has been said that parents who use this parenting style are unresponsive to their child’s emotional needs and they tend to show a low social ability towards others since their parents prevent them from making choices of their
Authoritarian parenting style consists of strict rules. Rules are set in place with the expectation that children will follow them. If said rules are not followed, the child receives a punishment without an explanation. According to Baumrind, authoritarian parents “are obedience-and status-oriented, and expect their orders to be obeyed without explanation” (1991).
Baumrind (1966) found that there are three parenting styles generally used by parents which included authoritative parenting, authoritarian parenting and permissive parenting. The theory stated that different parenting styles portray different level of control towards their child, freedom of the child in making their decision and communication with the child (Baumrind, 1966). Authoritative parenting is a democratic style of parenting in which adults make rational demanding expectations and emphasize their communication with child (Shaffer, 2005) whereas authoritarian parenting is an autocratic style of parenting in which adults value firm obedience and prefer punitive measures to attain comply (Shaffer, 2005).
The authoritarian style of parenting is control focused and militaristic in approach. This parent has high expectations and demands strict obedience. They often rule by fear and punishment. Dr. Gwen Dewar states, “… Little nurturing, lots of psychological control” (Dewar). On Consistant-parenting-advice.com the author communicates this type of parenting can result in abusive discipline that can be emotional and physical; however this writer is also including verbal abuse to the list.
The style of parenting with which children are raised can profoundly affect their social development, as well as their abilities to deal with life situations as adults. Parents who follow the permissive style of parenting have very few rules, no consistent limits, and more often than not give in to their children.. In a permissive family, the children are in charge.
Parenting comes as a challenge to most people and is probably the most important job in the world. Parenting comes with love, care and of course discipline for the child. Great parenting aids the children in promoting emotional and physical health, giving them motivation, manners, and good moral values. Most children learn from what they see and if they see good things at home, that’s what they will remember. There are so many parenting styles out there but in the end it is the parents choice to choose how they want to parent their children. In Mr. and Mrs. Harsh-Heart’s case on parenting styles they chose to focus on strict discipline, rules and harsh consequences with even resulting to spanking. This is known as authoritarian parenting. Then, we have Mr. and Mrs. Easy- Going and they don’t involve punishment because they believe in natural consequences so their children can learn a lesson on their own here and there. This type of parenting is known as permissive parenting. Although these families have two totally different ways of parenting their children, each way of parenting has its own advantages, and disadvantages.