Sam Surf had suspicions about the illegal knockoffs and inaccurate measurements of the active and inactive ingredients in San Diego drug store purchased Panacetin. The purpose of the experiment was to respond to the message from a drug watchdog agency, the Association for Safe Pharmaceuticals (ASP). The experiment was carried out in order to determine the percentage of aspirin, sucrose, and the unknown component by analyzing the drug preparation of “Panacetin,” and in the final stage, to identify the unknown component as acetanilide or phenacetin through purification. The purification of the unknown product was performed by boiling and allowing recrystallization of the product, then drying it to be further analyzed. The melting point ranges were measured in order to complete the analysis of the unknown product to determine its actual identity as either phenacetin or acetanilide. The volume of water necessary to boil the unknown was also a clue as to which component was present as the unknown in the drug preparation of Panacetin. If the unknown was acetanilide, its solubility would have required a volume of about 20 mL of water. However, the volume required for the unknown component to completely …show more content…
The purified unknown had a melting point range, as seen in Table 1, of 135-137ºC. When the unknown was combined with acetanilide, the melting point range of the mixture was much lower, at only 97-106ºC. The literature melting point of acetanilide is 114ºC where the literature melting point of phenacetin is 135ºC. When the unknown was combined with phenacetin, as seen in Table 1, the melting point range of the mixture was very close to that of the purified unknown, 134-138ºC, and the literature value of phenacetin. It could therefore be concluded that, based on the solubility and melting point of the unknown component, the unknown could be identified as
The purpose of the Unknown White Compound Lab was to identify the unknown compound by performing several experiments. Conducting a solubility test, flame test, pH paper test, ion test, pH probe test, conductivity probe test, and synthesizing the compound will accurately identified the unknown compound. In order to narrow down the possible compounds, the solubility test was used to determine that the compound was soluble in water. Next, the flame test was used to compare the unknown compound to other known compounds such as potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and calcium carbonate. The flame test concluded that the cation in the unknown compound was potassium. Following, pH paper was used to determine the compound to be neutral and slightly
At this point the identity of the unknown compound was hypothesized to be calcium nitrate. In order to test this hypothesis, both the unknown compound and known compound were reacted with five different compounds and the results of those reactions were compared. It was important to compare the known and unknown compounds quantitatively as well to ensure that they were indeed the same compound. This was accomplished by reacting them both with a third compound which would produce an insoluble salt that could be filte...
In a separate beaker, acetone (0.587 mL, 8 mmol) and benzaldehyde (1.63 mL, 16 mmol) were charged with a stir bar and stirred on a magnetic stirrer. The beaker mixture was slowly added to the Erlenmeyer flask and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Every 10 minutes, a small amount of the reaction mixture was spotted on a TLC plate, with an eluent mixture of ethyl acetate (2 mL) and hexanes (8 mL), to monitor the decrease in benzaldehyde via a UV light. When the reaction was complete, it was chilled in an ice bath until the product precipitated, which was then vacuum filtrated. The filter cake was washed with ice-cold 95% ethanol (2 x 10 mL) and 4% acetic acid in 95% ethanol (10 mL). The solid was fluffed and vacuum filtrated for about 15 minutes. The 0.688 g (2.9 mmol, 36.8%, 111.3-112.8 °C) product was analyzed via FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopies, and the melting point was obtained via
Results: Through a melting point reading, it was determined that the product obtained was 2,4-Dibromoanisol mp 55-58 C. The products obtained by my partners, were determined to be: (p-bromoacetanilide mp 160-165 C) and (2,4,6 tribromoaniline, mp of 108-110 C) respectively.
Aspirin contains the substance acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), which can relieve inflammation, fever, pain, and known as a “blood thinner”. Aspirin was not officially trademarked until March 6, 1899 when the Imperial Office of Berlin made it official. It has been used for the last 110 years, but its natural form, salicylic acid has been around for thousands by Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. Aspirin is available in over 80 countries and known as the best non-prescription drug. The most common use of aspirin is to cure headaches and use it as a pain reliever, but aspirin is known to prevent heart attack and strokes. It was first proposed in 1940, but wasn’t confirmed until 1970 when doctors would recommend taking aspirin daily [1].
In the late 1800’s it was discovered that papa-amino-phenol, could reduce fever, but the drug was too toxic to use. A less toxic extract called phenacetin was later found to be just as effective but also had pain-relieving properties. In 1949, it was learned that phenacetin was metabolized into an active but also less toxic drug, acetaminophen. Since then, acetaminophen has been sold under many over the counter brand names, most popular being Tylenol.
Ostrove, N. M. (2004). Statement of Nancy M. Ostrove, Ph.D., Deputy Director, Division of Drug.
1-Paracetamol ( PCT), acetaminophen or N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP) is an acylated aromatic amide derived from aniline [1] [s073][so96089] .It has antipyretic and analgesic properties and it is a synthetic non-opioid.[3] In 1893, acetaminophen was first described as an analgesic and antypiretic.. [s17] In 1866, acetanilide, another derived from aniline, was discovered to have antipyretic properties and has started to be used to treat fever. However, it was proved to have toxicity. Thus, others derivatives from aniline such as paracetamol and phenacetin were assumed to be toxic as well. In 1887 phenacetin was discovered to have serious side effects including methaemoglobin formation and haemolytic anaemia. In 1893, acetaminophen was first described to be an analgesic and antypiretic [s17] and in 1948 paracetamol was found to be phenacetin’s and acetanilide’s metabolite which was responsible for the antipyretic and analgesic properties of these two compounds. [1]
There are many ways to determine the effectiveness of medication mediums, but dissolution will be the main focus. Dissolution refers to “the process of a solute dispersing/dissociating in a solvent, forming a molecular level, chemically and physically homogeneous dispersion, called a solution” (Remington Education…). Therefore, in this scenario, the main goal of a dissolution test is to identify information on drug release.
Dozens of deaths of Haitian children from a drug ingredient from China caused an American Health official to send investigators to find out who made the lethal additive and why a company in China exported the drug as safe pharmaceutical-grade glycerin. The Chinese did not cooperate. Questions asked to find the maker were ignored and business records were hidden or destroyed. A decade later a 100 people died in Panama from a Chinese produced medicine that contained diethylene glycol (Hooker et al).
The product given, Acetanilide, was an impure product from a chemical reaction. It was purified through the process of recrystallization, where by-products and impurities were removed from the solid. This process gives a purer compound than what was originally given. Recrystallization is able to be used due to the solubility of the impure compound. Ideally, the whole solvent would completely dissolve in the water when the proper boiling point was reached. In this lab, the Acetanilide was soluble thusly this process would work properly. The end product of creating a pure substance was purified crystals.
contamination, toxicity, and side effects. Most people believe these medications are compounded or mixed by a trained and licensed individual. However, this is inaccurate because the pharmacy technician actually compounds a large percentage of a patient’s medications. Compounding involves a techn...
Henahan, Sean. ARainforest Medicines.@ Newsmaker Interviews. (1996): 6 pages. Online Internet. 1 Oct. 2003. Available
Analysis of Aspirin Tablets Aim --- To discover the percentage of acetylsalicylic acid in a sample of aspirin tablets. ----------------------------------------------------------------- In order to do this, the amount of moles that react with the sodium hydroxide must be known. This is achieved by using the method of back titration.
I have always had a great interest in medicine because of the impact it causes on the body. The fact that a pill the size of a lentil can produce so much change in our bodies, as well as the advances in the medical word has inspired me to learn about the formation, characteristics, and the effects of drugs.