DISCUSSION In this experiment, we had been able to learn the proper technique of using the optical microscope and preparation of different types of slides. Optical microscope, often referred to as light microscope, is a type of microscope which uses visible light and a system of lenses (4X, 10X, 40X and 100X) to magnify images of small samples. Image from an optical microscope can be captured by normal light-sensitive cameras to generate a micrograph. Microscope is one of the best technology provide information such as the staining reaction, bacterial morphology, bacterial motility and the diameter of bacteria. The optical microscope was ensured to be working properly before the experiment started. Before accurate measurements can be made, optical microscope was first calibrated before observing the specimen on slide by using a stage micrometer. An ocular micrometer which is located in the ocular lens is used for measuring the size of objects. The stage micrometer is used for calibrating the ocular micrometer for more accurate measurement. …show more content…
are clinical strains which are courtesy from Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah was observed under microscope with 100X magnification. Under 100X magnification motility, shape and size of Bacillus sp. can be observe clearly. Unfortunately our group cannot observe the motility of Bacillus sp. during wet mount technique. This is due to wet mount technique easily to dry very quickly under microscope light in other words it is suitable for short-term observation only because organism will die quickly. However, by using hanging drop technique Bacillus sp. motility can be observe because it allows for longer-time observation and suitable to observe motility of bacterial. Bacillus sp. bacteria use their flagella for a swimming motility and the shape of Bacillus sp. is rod shape. The length of Bacillus sp. observed for wet mount technique is 0.56 μm while for hanging drop technique is 0.06
The first day an unknown sample was assigned to each group of students. The first test applied was a gram stain to test for gram positive or gram-negative bacteria. The morphology of the two types of bacteria was viewed under the microscope and recorded. Then the sample was put on agar plates using the quadrant streak method for isolation. There were three agar plates; one was incubated at room temperature, the second at 30 degrees Celsius, and the third at 37 degrees Celsius. By placing each plate at a different temperature optimal growth temperature can be predicted for both species of bacteria.
Streak plate technique was used to isolate pure culture for each bacteria (2). The Gram stain was used to determine Gram reaction and morphology of each bacteria (2) Selective and differential media such as, salt agar, MacConkey agar and blood agar were used for bacterial identification (2). Gelatin deeps were inoculated to detect production of gelatinase (2). Starch Agar plate were inoculated to detect amylase (2). Ocular reticle used to determine bacteria size (2). Motility deeps were inoculated to detect motility on bacteria (2). Thioglycollate broth used to determine oxygen requirements (2). Carbohydrate fermentation
They can be found anywhere and identifying them becomes crucial to understanding their characteristics and their effects on other living things, especially humans. Biochemical testing helps us identify the microorganism present with great accuracy. The tests used in this experiment are rudimentary but are fundamental starting points for tests used in medical labs and helps students attain a better understanding of how tests are conducted in a real lab setting. The first step in this process is to use gram-staining technique to narrow down the unknown bacteria into one of the two big domains; gram-negative and gram-positive. Once the gram type is identified, biochemical tests are conducted to narrow down the specific bacterial species.
In this experiment the heat shock method will be used to deliver a vector (plasmid) of GFP to transform and grow E. coli bacteria. Four plates containing Luria Bertani (LB) broth and either –pGLO and +pGLO will have E. coli bacteria added to it. The plate containing –pGLO (no pGLO) and LB will show growth as ampicillin will be present killing bacteria but no glowing because no arabinose will be present for glowing to be activated, the same result will be seen in the plate containing +pGLO, LB and ampicillin. The plate with –pGLO, LB and ampicillin will show no growth and no glowing as no arabinose is present for glowing to be activated
I began my test to classify my unknown bacteria by performing the Gram staining because according to the first period procedure of the laboratory manual and the Appending H, it was the first test that should be done to plan and proceed to the next tests. Washed bottle of distilled water, three slides, and Gram-staining reagents
The purpose of the lab was identify and differentiate the types of eukaryotic microorganisms with the use of a simple compound microscopes and to illustrate what was seen. To view this microorganisms prepared slides containing algae, yeast, fungi and protozoan were used. The slides were shared but each student viewed the slides individually with the use of their own microscope. Each slide was viewed at different magnifications of 4X, 10X,
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique was employed extensively through want this study to examine and obtain images of prepared samples. The associated analytical facility of Energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX) analysis was used to identify and quantify the elemental composition of the prepare samples.
Atomic Absorption (AA) Spectroscopy is a quantitative analysis technique that uses the absorption of light through a flame and gaseous chemicals. AA Spectroscopy can be used for a multitude of purposes, most notably finding the concentration of one or a few elements in a compound. AA Spectroscopy can work in two different ways using an open flame and gaseous chemicals or a graphite furnace. Flame AA Spectroscopy works by taking a compound or element and disassociating it into an aqueous solution. The solution is then blown through an incredibly small nozzle which nebulizes the liquid into a very fine mist. The nebulized liquid is then blown through a flame with a very small beam of light passing through it. This light beam detects different elements in the flame and uses the known light absorbance of the element to determine the concentration of the element in the solution. The other form of AA Spectroscopy uses a graphite furnace to heat up and incinerate a sample. A solid compound is placed in the furnace which then heats up to 2000-3000 C effectively atomizing the compound and in the process turning the rest into ash. The light beam is then shot through the furnace as the solid is being heated and subsequently atomized and the machine records the absorbance rate much like the Flame AA Spectroscopy would. The difference between flame and furnace spectroscopy is in the atomization of the sample; because the Flame Spectroscopy uses pressure to atomize the compound, much of the compound is lost when sprayed
The topic for my essay is going to talking about Chemistry and Technology, and has a focused on the invention and influence on the microscope. Chemistry has helped people look at technology in a different way, such as by the way we use it and how easy it is to find data faster. Technology has also changed Chemistry several ways. Some examples are finding new viruses and finding cures to prevent diseases from spreading around the world and.
The optical lenses of the eyes are used to focus light. The light that penetrates the lens is controlled by the iris, which constricts and dilates in response to varying light conditions. Controlling the amount of light that reaches the lens, and subsequently the photoreceptors in the pigmented retina, is not enough to adequately discern images in three dimensions. The lens is therefore responsible for adjusting to conditions based on how far away or near an object is that is being viewed. To view something relatively close, the lens is bent to form a more spherical shape by the ciliary body muscles. Likewise, to view further distanced objects, the lens must undergo accommodation
I identified the genus and species of an unknown bacterial culture, #16, and I applied the following knowledge of morphologic, cultural and metabolic characteristics of the unknown microorganism according to the laboratory manual as well as my class notes and power point print outs. I was given an incubated agar slant labeled #16 and a rack of different tests to either examine or perform myself; the tests are as follows: Gram Stain; Nutrient Gelatin Test; Carbohydrate Fermentation; Dextrose, Lactose and Sucrose; IMVIC tests; Citrate, Indole, Mythel-Red and Vogues Proskauer test; as well as a Urease and TSI Test. Materials and Methods/Results Upon receiving the Microorganism (M.O.) #16, I prepared a slide by cleaning and drying it. Then, using a bottle of water I placed a sterile drop of water on the slide and used an inoculating loop, flame sterilized, I took a small sample of the unknown growth in my agar slant and smeared it onto the slide in a dime sized circle and then heat fixed it for ten minutes.
My interest into becoming an optometrist had begun when I was in high school; it happened in an unconventional way. It was not through watching videos, or someone explaining to me what optometry was, but rather, seeing the power of it firsthand. There was a point in my life where I felt emotions that I was unable to comprehend at the time. Seeing a family member on an operating table was the most petrifying moment that I have gone through, especially when the person on the table was my father. My father had to get a chalazion removed from his right eyelid. The doctor told my family that my father would be susceptible to certain health risks because of his diabetes and the severity of his cyst. This procedure was the hardest thing I have had to deal with in my life because it made me feel helpless. Usually, when my dad needs help he always asks me, but this time I could not do anything. It is interesting to think that something so small had such a big affect on my life.
The abnormal presence of bacterial growth can be inspected under a microscope. If the organism inspected is not the bacteria used in the experiment, it means that the growth of the bacterial culture investigated is absent. By using this method, contamination by foreign substances in the surrounding air can be ruled out and the results would be more accurate.
An oscilloscope is an electronic test instrument that is used to observe an electronic signal, typically voltage, as a function of time. In other words, it is a voltage versus time plotter. Oscilloscopes come in two basic types, analogue or digital, and support various features and functions useful for measuring and testing electronic circuits. An oscilloscope is a key piece of test equipment for any electronics designer.
Oftentimes, a person can look at an image and draw a conclusion about it, only to find out later that he or she was incorrect. This phenomenon is due to what is called an optical illusion, in which an image is perceived incorrectly to be something else. This leads to the questions, why do optical illusions occur, and what can be done about them?