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Lit review on the causes of sexual assault
Ptsd tretement research paper
Lit review on the causes of sexual assault
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In one particular episode, Benson went undercover to find a rapist inside of a women’s prison facility. The male correction officer who was raping these women, ended up groping, physically, and verbally abusing her, as well as trying to force her to give him oral sex. If it wasn’t for Detective Odafin Tutuola, played by Ice-T, who was also undercover in the facility, she would have been raped, and maybe even more. This caused Benson to develop a terrible case of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. She started to have panic attacks, trouble sleeping, as well as nightmares. She eventually received counseling for this and it has helped tremendously. In counseling, Olivia is not only able to discuss the trauma that she undergo within the women's facility, but is also able to express her feelings about her past abuse, as well as express her anger towards her father for raping her mother. She now knows not only how to avoid a rape situation but how to teach it to other individuals. I’ve noticed that whenever Benson is put in an uncomfortable situation, she turns into a different person, someone who is much more assertive as well as aggressive. I believe that's also a sign of another defense mechanism, (a mental process initiated to avoid conscious conflict or anxiety). Benson …show more content…
He beats and tortures her with cigarettes and wire hangers for four days. Moments before Lewis is about to rape her, Benson breaks free, handcuffs him and holds him at gunpoint. Because he continues to patronize her, she loses containment and begins to beat him senseless, within an inch of his life with a metal rod. She is rescued just moments later by her fellow detectives and is placed on mandatory leave in order to recover from such a traumatic experience. She ends up returning to work two months later, still shaken up by the occurrence to find out that William Lewis survived the attack and is awaiting
Due to abuse people develop fear. The stronger the abuse becomes, the more fear that is created inside of a person, Frank had an affair with a woman and in effect got her pregnant, she tried to make him responsible for the child, “But after he had blackened her eyes and threatened her child, she no longer made any claims on him.” This shows that when Frank threatened her child she acquired fear of him and didn’t want to take things any further. When people are abused either physically or verbally fear is created
This disorder is a serious clinical mood disorder in which feelings of sadness, frustration, loss or anger interfere with a person’s everyday life. The exact cause of major depressive disorder is not known, however many researchers believe it is linked to chemical changes in the brain, problems with a person's genes, or a combination of both. It tends to run in families, but can also occur in those with no family history of the disease. As stated in the case study, Andrea’s mother and 3 of her siblings were diagnosed with serious mood disorders or alcohol abuse. Symptoms of MDD may include: irritability, difficulty with concentration, fatigue or lack of energy, feelings of hopelessness and/or helplessness, feelings of worthlessness, guilt, or self-hate, social isolation, loss of interest in once pleasurable activities, sleep problems (insomnia or excessive sleeping) and suicidal ideation or behavior. In more severe cases of MDD, patients may experience psychotic symptoms such as delusions or hallucinations. Andrea shows signs of many of these symptoms. She is having hallucinations of people being stabbed and being possessed by the devil. She is
Hodges has Jerome explore “Underneath Debbie’s Blue Umbrella” for him. Afterwards, Hodges decides that the only way to catch the Mercedes Killer is if he gets into his head, so late that night, he writes him a message on the Blue Umbrella, saying that he doesn’t believe he is the real killer. Brady freaks out when he reads this message so he decides to poison Jerome’s dog, Odell as retaliation.
In a scene, Atwone quote, “is it possible for someone like me to be cured(Washington,2002)?” He constantly worried about Cheryl not wanting to be with him because he had so many issues in his life. Antwone was a victim of sexual abuse as a child, by a family member. He expressed that she made him do things to her unwillingly, and also that she physically abused her. This trauma that Atwone suffered as a child, also affected his relationship with women. Sexual abuse can have long-term affects on an individual that can cause problems like depression, sexual dysfunctions, symptoms of posttraumatic stress and in Atwone case, fear of future relationships (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2016
The Psychological World of Shirley Jackson Although Shirley Jackson had many psychological problems, she contributed greatly to society through her works. Shirley Jackson was a profound and ambivalent writer. She did not write to please the world, but she wrote to convey how she felt about society in the world. Her psychological problems did have an affect on her writing and it greatly connected with her life. Shirley Jackson was a very unwelcome writer in her time, and that is because many readers did not want to believe that what she wrote was true.
...court of law, Marcia’s actions may be resulted from provocation by the continuous intimate partner abuse, which should result in reduced charges from murder to voluntary manslaughter.
William Wundt conceived psychology as a science that could be experimented. His work majored on the concept of voluntarism as a way of coming into terms with psychological problems. Wundt’s ideas of understanding psychological problems explored mental disorders and abnormal behavior, religious beliefs, and pronouncement of the damaged parts of the brain. Through his experiments, he was able to distinguish psychology as a distinct science from other topics. He believed that analyzing consciousness as an individual’s subjective experience of the mind and the world, should inform scientific psychology (Rieber, 2001).
My choice of research was in the play behaviors of children as well as aggression. Breaking the topic down more, behavior relates to the psychology and the psyche of each individual. The definition of psychology is “science of mind and behavior” (Clavijo, 2013). After reading the article by Clavijo, I have realized that psychology can be defined in three ways such as the study of the mind, the study of behavior, and the study of the mind and behavior. In the text “The Developing Person” by Berger, behavior is learned through social learning. Children learn different behaviors through the observation of others, others being children and adults. Different people have affects on a child’s life that can affect their behavior. A child’s behavior is heavily influenced by their parents. A son may speak aggressively and without respect towards his mother because this is the way that his father speaks to her therefore he feels that is how to communicate with his mother (Berger, 200, 2012). Moving into play behaviors, children learn from other children in how to play. Most believe cognitive growth relies on child’s play time. Vygotsky and Piaget both believe that when children play it is beneficial, but according to Vygotsky, playing enables a child to think outside the box and create their own meaning from objects, using their imagination. Piaget believes that child benefit from playing together because children and sharing their knowledge and making it more concrete ideas and thoughts. There are four stages of plays, with the fourth stage being the highest most complicated play which consists of rules and guidelines for the game. The lowest level or play would be functional play being infants shaking rattles, clapping their hands, or blow...
There are several domains that must be considered when treating a survivor of child abuse: the need for safety and trust, sense of belonging, protection from perceived or actual threats, facing the defendant in court, prevention of revictimization, and empowerment (Sawyer & Judd, 2012). Davis, 2005, states that “children terrorized through sexual abuse, neglect, physical abuse, or wartime atrocities may suffer from lasting wounds, nightmares, depression, and troubled adolescence involving substance abuse, binge eating, or aggression.” Victims of child abuse need to regain their sense of control over their lives. Experiencing healthy relationships, being nurtured by adults and helping them to learn resilience are all interventions that have been well-documented (Sawyer & Judd, 2...
“Fear and anxiety may persist for years after the original abuse…. a decrease in self-esteem may be associated with the experience of oneself as helpless or vulnerable” (Module 2:Components of the Domestic and Family Systems Model n.d). Joan had low self-esteem and showed many emotional responses such as guilt, anger, and shame. Joan’s psychological responses from her father's abuse weigh heavily on her mind as we see this from the flashbacks of her childhood, which would coincide with her cognitive response pattern. Interpersonal response pattern may explain why she slept with Michael because she may have had difficulty in interpersonal
Child maltreatment is a global public health problem (Klika & Herrenkol, 2013). Children who have been maltreated tend to express more cortisol dysregulation (De Bellis, Woolley, & Hooper, 2013). Having this concern causes the children to express more stress than a child who has not been maltreated. According to De Bellis, Woolley, & Hooper (2013), pediatric studies have concluded that if a child is abused at a younger age and continuous neglect is associated they are more likely to suffer from smaller brain volumes and heightened biological stress chemicals. Being exposed to abusive trauma that leads to PTSD has shown to cause children to have higher levels of dissociative symptoms and more behavioral problems (De Bellis, Woolley, & Hooper, 2013). Children tend to mimic behaviors that are observed by their guardians or parents, and it is likely that at some point a child will express those same behaviors, but most likely in a different way. Being abused can often lead to a reenactment of that same attempt of punishment on the child’s future family.
The brain relies on the development of neurons to transmit signals through the brain. When these neurons are over-stimulated or over activated the brain does not develop in its correct manner. Trauma is one way that affects this process. The trauma tells the amygdala that the person is experiencing some form of danger. The amygdala is responsible for sending signals throughout the brain telling it how to respond to the fear. Whether it is to run (flight) fight or freeze; the body responds. Those who suffer from sexual or physical abuse their brain’s energy focus on safety and the need to survive. Chronic fear projects the induvial to a hypervigilant state which cause the brain to freeze at the stage of trauma. This prolonged state of trauma impacts growth, emotions, socialization, and cognition. The social worker has to assess the
Some of these effects include, however are not limited to: shock, denial, depression, attempted or completed suicide, alienation, fear, anxiety, and guilt (CDC). With the weight of all of these emotions, it’s not surprising to think that someone would become so distraught. Having had the opportunity to interview a rape victim, whom will be called Jane, it has become apparent that rape can be paralyzing. The interviewee has gone on to attend therapy sessions, as well as distrusting any person who comes into her life. In addition, Jane went as far as to explain what it felt like to experience such
Trauma is a psychological reaction to sudden traumatic events and overwhelming issues from outside. Additionally, the exposure to activities that are outside the human’s normal experiences. Traumatic events become external and incorporate into the mind (Bloom, 1999, p. 2). Traumatization happens when the internal and external forces do not appropriately cope with the external threat. Furthermore, trauma causes problems because the client’s mind and body react in a different way and their response to social groups. The symptoms of trauma relate to irritability, intrusive thoughts, panic and anxiety, dissociation and trance-like states, and self-injurious behaviors (Bloom, 1999, p. 2). Childhood trauma happens when they live in fear for the lives of someone they love (Bloom, 1999, p. 2). Judith Herman’s trauma theory states that the idea of repressed memories relates to unconscious behavior. These repressed behaviors include those inhibited behaviors relate to memories of childhood abuse. From McNally’s point of view memories of trauma cannot be repressed especially those that are more violent (Suleiman, 2008, p. 279). In addition, one of the theories used to dealing with trauma includes the coping theory. With situations, people tend to use problem-solving and emotion-focused coping. Emotion-focused coping happens when people are dealing with stressors. When the stressors become more
Per Martin, Taft, and Resick (2006), most women do not leave their abusive relationship immediately after the offense (Para. 8). Most women choose to seek help after noticing a change in the frequency and severity of sexual abuse, at the point where they felt the husband was going to hurt someone else or she was going to hurt him. Many women fear reporting marital rape and seeking help for a countless number of reasons. Martin, Taft, and Resick (2006) list some of those reasons as “fear of retaliation, helplessness, embarrassment, self-blame, and the belief that marital rape is not a serious problem (para. 8). Counseling is recommended for all rape victims. Per Mahoney & Williams (1998) “raped wives need different types of support than the battered only wife (Bowker, 1983) or the raped woman” (p27). The victims of wife rape need to address the incident itself as well as seek counseling for body issues, sexuality and physical abuse. Two methods of treatment have been suggested for marital rape victims; stress inoculation therapy and cognitive processing therapy. “Stress inoculation therapy (SIT) facilitates physiological, cognitive, and behavioral coping for fear. There are two phases in SIT. Phase one focuses on education and the identification of fears, and phase two teaches patients adaptive strategies for dealing with anxiety” (Martin, Taft, and Resick, 2006). The second method of treatment,