Obtaining Motion Blur Parameters Form The Frequency Spectrum
Fourier transform is applied on digital images to interprets their content in terms frequency information. To illustrate, Flat areas, where the intensity is slowly changing, result in low frequencies. Rough areas, on the other hand, result in high frequencies because of the dramatic change in the intensity value. this paper discusses the impact of manipulating the frequency information of digital images and how the frequency spectrum can be used to address a real world situation.
Filtering an image in the frequency domain is usually composed of three steps. First, the Fourier transform is calculated (DCT or DFT). Then, a certain operation is performed on the frequencies (detailed below). Finally, the inverse Fourier transform is applied on the frequency information, resulting in a modified image. The simplest category of filters (also known as the ideal filters) includes the low pass filter, the high pass filter, and the band pass filter. A low pass filter attenuates high frequencies resulting in a smoothing effect. On the contrary, a high pass filter eliminates low frequencies yielding an edge enhancement effect. Lastly, a band pass filter, which is a combination of a low pass and a high pass filters, retains a mid-range of frequencies and suppresses the low and high frequencies that fall out of the range. Band pass filtering can be used to enhance edges (suppressing low frequencies) while reducing the noise at the same time (attenuating high frequencies). Filtering is mathematically simpler to implement in the frequency domain compared to convolution in the spatial domain [3].
Also, the frequency data reflects the geometrical structure and orientation of an image...
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...requency spectrum provides meaningful information that can be used with ease to address real world problems.
Works Cited
[1] Abolhassani, Hossein, Dar, Amir, and Ehsan Saeedi. Object Speed Estimation by Using Fuzzy Set. Working paper. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2010. Print.
[2] Lin, Huei-Yung, and K Un-Jhih Li. Vehicle Speed Estimation from Single Still Images Based on M Otion Blu R A Naly Sis. Working paper. Tsukuba Science City, Japan: Conference on Machine VIsion Applications, 2005. Print.
[3] Smith, Steven W., Dr. "The Scientist and Engineer's Guide ToDigital Signal ProcessingBy Steven W. Smith, Ph.D." Fourier Image Analysis. Web. 17 Nov. 2013.
[4] Taherkhani, Ali, and J. Mohammadi. Object Speed Estimation in Frequency Domain of Single Taken Image. Working paper. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 2013. Print.
* In case you are curious, the engine rpm got up to about 7000 rpm and the track speed got up to about 60 mph or more during this clip. I supported the track with a stand and ran the throttle while an observer ran the camera.
The faster the wheels spin, the faster the car will go. Our project requires our car to go at least 3 meters. Our initial trials were successful because our car went 7,8, and then 9 meters. The car went 7 meters in 8 seconds with a speed of 0.875 m/s. It went 8 meters in 10 seconds with a speed of 0.8 m/s. It finally went 9 meters in 12 seconds with a speed of 0.75 m/s. It is what makes the wheel spin instead of just sliding on the ground.
Bloch, S. (1998). Comparative study of speed reduction effects of photo-radar and speed display boards. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1640 (1), 27--36.
The speed of the runner is very easy to determine. It's only stride length times stride frequency, for example if you travel five feet in one stride and you take three strides per second you're speed will be 15 feet per second. Basic math. Although, there are three different types of stride lengths, takeoff, flight, and landing distance. Takeoff distance is the distance that the body's center of mass is ahead of the toe of the front foot at the instant the back foot leaves the ground. The flight distance is the distance that the body's COM travels while the runner is in the air. The landing distance is the distance that the toe of...
velocity will increase the distance the ball travels. Hand speed is also a component of bat speed
It's one of the fastest ways to ruin your day. A flashing light fills the rear view mirror… an icy feeling pierces your chest and that mixture of guilt, frustration and anger curdles as you wonder how much of your hard earned money is being dragged away for something as little as what? A few kilometers over the speed limit? My Name’s Trent Mammarella and I would like to persuade you as to why speed cameras in Australia need to be seriously reviewed.There is quite a significant amount of speculation surrounding speed in Australia. The government will inform you that speed is Australia’s deadliest killer and you are risking life and limb for something as little as what? A few kilometers over the set limit. You’ve most likely heard it all before: the force is out to get you; they need to reach their quotas
...yone wants. Radar is also frequently used by law enforcement for the detection of speeds to see if passing motorists are speeding.
In the Balloon Car experiment, we made a toy car that was powered by a balloon. We filled a balloon with thirty pumps of air, and attached it on the car in a way so that the only way the air could be released is through a straw. We acquired three different types of straws that each had different sized holes, and observed the changes in speed that happened because of the difference in diameters. We recorded the data by measuring distances on the floor to make a track, and ran the cars along the track while timing how long it took. We found the average time the car with each type of straw took to go the distances of 25 centimeters, 50 centimeters, and 75 centimeters. In the experiment, the straw with the largest diameter made the car go the fastest, while the straw with the smallest diameter made the car go the slowest. Also, the car always sped up towards the end of the track, no matter what the size of the straw was. From the data, we learned that if an object can reach a faster speed quickly, it will go faster than an object with a constant acceleration.
Investigating the Effect of Mass and Speed of a Moving Object on Its Stopping Time
Well, the speed you choose depends on how fast your target is moving. Practice is essential as it hones your skills giving you invaluable experience. With good practice, you will be able to automatically identify the most appropriate time to shoot a photo of an object in motion. Practice also allows you to store a database of information about the best shutter speeds for various speeds. This means you will not be compelled to miss an awesome opportunity to take panning shots. It is also advisable to move with the object before pressing the shutter. This helps you to emphasize its motion as well as creating more refined panning
Gaussian filter is exclusively used for this purpose as the mask is simple. The standard convolution method is performed once the mask is calculated. Since the convolution mask is usually much smaller than the actual image, the mask slides over the image , manipulating the pixels in the image. The large width Gaussian masks are not preferred as detector's sensitivity to noise is low and moreover, the localization error in the detected edges also increases with increase in Gaussian mask width.
...question of control group: About how fast was the red car going when it contacted the white car?
The 3-D DWT can be considered as a combination of three one dimensional DWT in the x, y and z directions, as shown in Fig. 3.1. The preliminary work in the DWT processor design is to build 1-D DWT modules, which are composed of high-pass and low-pass filters that perform a convolution of filter coefficients and input pixels. After a one-level of - discrete wavelet transform, the volume of image is decomposed into HHH, HHL, HLH, HLL, LHH, LHL, LLH and LLL signals as shown in the Fig. 3.1 [1].
In this chapter we will discuss about the principles of inertial navigation system. At first we describe about the basics of modelling motion in land vehicle. Second an introduction to inertial sensors is given and then discuss about some useful information like position, velocity, what we get from inertial navigation system as output. Finally we will discuss the drawbacks of inertial navigation systems and try to understand why inertial navigation system is better to use with other navigation system than using it alone.
Here, we can use the vectors to use the Pythagorean Theorem, a2 + b2 = c2, to find the speed and angle of the object, which was used in previous equations.