CHAPTER ONE
1.0. INTRODUCTION
Nurse means “to care” or “nourish” the term nurse suggests attendance and service, having its antonym as “neglect”. The meaning of a nurse is a person formally educated in the care of the sick or infirm, especially a registered nurse.
Nursing begun as the desire to keep people healthy and provide comfort, care and assurance to the sick. Societal changing needs have also influenced the general goals of nursing in the present global world. As history will have it, nursing and medicine have been interrelated. During the Era of Hippocrates, medicine was practiced without nursing and during the middle ages, nursing was not named then as nursing. As history will have it, men and women have held the role of a nurse.
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BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
According to the nursing and midwifery council of Nigeria (2005), detailed history of a profession that combines scientific principles, technical skills relayed, but documents revealed that caring profession came into awareness since 1854.
In the very olden days, nursing was mainly practiced in a family setting, with mother caring for her children and nurturing care tremendously increased for acquaintances. About 1880, status of nursing greatly improved many females and religious individuals became involved in patient care. Then many school of nursing sprang up in Europe. The very first established in 1836 by Parker. The order fluentness, in Kevesworth Germany through the influence of Florence Nightingale.
The first movement for the recognition and registration of the nurse occurred in 1882. Mary E. Mohney was the first African American graduate nurses, that promoted integration and better working conditions for black clients and healthcare workers.
In Nigeria, caring was initiated towards the wounded came through the British colonial master. Services and care were initiated towards the wounded soldiers at the “forte”. The first nursing home in Nigeria was established in Jericho, Ibadan by the British
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Problems associated with this kind of training were that no real formal education, also language was today in Nigeria, institutions offering nursing education are inadequate, the schools of nursing offering three years nursing programmes with vast clinical training and practicum and the university programme offering five years bachelors of Nursing Science programme (BNSC). Also we have different institutions offering Post Basic Nursing Education Programme, with duration varying from one full calendar year to two years. Certificate being awarded is Diploma in such area of specialization like: Diploma in Paediatric Nursing, Accident and Emergency caring, Tutorial Nursing, otorhinolaryngology
What is a nurse? According to the dictionary, a nurse is someone who is trained to care for sick or injured people. Nurses are well respected because they are in a skilled profession and work to remain accident free. Even though nurses are well respected there are stereotyped every day and many people have biased opinions about them. Some of which include being stereotyped as all being women, a profession many call men gay for being involved in, always working in a hospital, will always marry someone that is the medical field, all nurses wear white hospital gowns and a cap, that nursing is easy, are reject doctors, they are all the same, and they do not make a lot of money.
When this type of work entered the market: The medical profession of nurse practitioner was developed in the mid 1960s. The job of nurse practitioners grew from implementing work from primary care physicians into that of traditional nurses.
Webster, Raymond B, 1999. Mary became the first African-American graduate nurse in 1879. (Smith, J, & Phelps, S, 1992) She contributed to organizations such as the American Nurses Association, the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses, and was an active participant in the the Women's Suffrage Movement, becoming one of the first women to register vote to in Boston, Massachusetts. The issue closest to the heart of Mary Mahoney was the equality of the African-American nurse with white nurses....
According to O’Neill (2014), the beginning of nursing began in the 1500s (pg. 1). Back in those days, nurses visited patients at home and they were directed by priest-physicians (O’Neill, pg. 1, 2014). The perception of people getting sick was often believed to be associated by a sin or it was god’s will for the patient to be ill. Therefore, priests were also known as physicians. However, there are other people who believe that nursing profession began in the mid-1800s with the work of Florence Nightingale. Florence Nightingale was an English woman who felt that god sent her to be nurse in this life. Her extensive devotion towards this profession made her an icon in the history of nursing. Her belief towards nursing is our framework to or nursing practice. Her beliefs are the following: nutrition, fresh and clean environments, identifying and meeting the patient’s needs, nurses should be directed to health and illness, and continuing education about nursing (O’Neill, pg.2, 2014). These
The purpose of this article is to define the profession of nursing. I will also talk about history of nursing, characters of the nursing profession and steps of educational paths to become a professional nurse.
...re opportunities for nurses. Today’s demand for skilled nurses significantly outweighs the supply of such professionals. In an economically challenged background, all nations are actively looking for ways to change healthcare by expanding value in the care delivery systems. For nurses, everyone’s role adds value to the patients, the communities, the countries, and the world. The development and evolution of nursing is associated with the historical influences throughout different ages. The study of the history of nursing helps understand the issues that confronted the profession. It also allows nurses to gain the appreciation they deserve for playing the role of caring for patients during wartime. The role of the profession has played an important part of history. Through the history, each nurse has efficiently established the achievements of the history of nursing.
West, E., Griffith, W., Iphofen, R. (2007, April vol.16/no.2). A historical perspective on the nursing
A nursing degree is a three year full time modular course designed to prepare students for their future role as a registered nurse and meets the new Nursing and Midwifery Council Standards implemented in 2011, ensuring that our graduates will be able to help shape the nursing workforce of the future (Nursing Course Summary, n.d.).
Initially, nursing education programs were an informal part of hospitals and prepared young women to provide soothing, calming care to patients (Klainberg). These nurses were used to doing the work that doctors didn't want to do. Courses for a basic nursing occupation could be done in as little as six months. This was because at the time, this occupation was viewed to need little skill or extensive training. These programs trained the students to simply provide food and a clean environment to patients. Hospital-based diploma schools of nursing were the first form of nursing education in the United States. Admission to these programs was limited to just white women. The first program to admit only one black and one Jewish woman in each class was established at the New England Hospital for Women and Children in Boston, Massachusetts in 1863 (Klainberg). It wasn’t until 1872, that formal nursing schools were established, and students graduating from these programs were given a diploma when they graduated (Klainberg 29).
Registered nurses came through a long way back to the 19th century, when they used to provide care to the injured soldiers and other injures strangers. Florence Nightingale was the first influenced in this career. She was a daughter of a British family who worked her life to improve the field of nursing. Her main goal was to spread this field throughout the countries. As a success the first school was in the United States, in Boston. Then later it was passed to New York and others states. In today’s society we are still acknowledge to her great work. And improve the medical field for a better upgrade towards today’s society and generation.
A nurse is a health care professional who cares for ill or disabled individuals, their families and communities ensuring that they attain, maintain or recover optimum health and functioning (Crosta, 2013). There are several kinds of nurses classified depending on their education and experiences. As an example,
In the past, nursing was not considered a career. It was the women’s job to care for the sick. Care of the sick took place at their homes. Sending the sick to hospitals was considered a last resort. Hospitals were viewed as poor houses because of their high death rates, poor hygiene, and lack of infection control. (Balch). Today nursing is viewed completely different thanks to the contribution of nursing theorist, such as: Florence Nightingale, Dorothea Dix, Lavinia Dock, Mary Nutting, Dorothea Orem, Abraham Maslow, to name a few. Nursing has evolved from being a simple occupation to an important profession. A profession
Since its establishment as a profession more than a century ago, Nursing has been a source for numerous debates related to its course, methods and development of nursing knowledge. Many nursing definitions and theories have evolved over time. Furthermore it is in a constant process of being redefined.
The nursing profession has a rich history. It was founded by Florence Nightingale who was referred to as the mother of nursing. She revolutionized the world of nursing and funded the establishment of various training schools. Many successes were realized in this period including
Nursing entails self- directed and cooperative health care for the society at large in all contexts. It includes the promotion of appropriate practices to enhance health, prevention of diseases,