Table of Contents I. Summary 2 II. Objective 2 III. Implementation 2 IV. Results 3 V. Questions and Answers 4 VI. Conclusion 7 Summary Lab 1 demonstrates the capabilities of congestion control algorithms implemented by Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). It provides three scenarios to simulate these algorithms and will later compare the results. A state variable known as congestion window is implemented by the TCP protocol which stops the clogging of the network by regulating and putting a limit on the data that is sent on the network in turn reducing congestion, timeouts and lost packets. Other than this there are other features like slow start, the fast re transmission and rapid recovery also discussed in the Lab. Slow start makes …show more content…
Answer: - As we saw in the lab simulation runs, Segment Sequence Number remains unchanged as indicated by the horizontal line because of the congestion caused by packet drops, which in turn causes timeouts which leads to drop in the graph, that causes the congestion window to decreases in size when timeouts are detected, timeouts are due to 0.5% packet drop in IP cloud. 2) Analyze the graph that compares the Segment Sequence numbers of the three scenarios. Why does the Drop_NoFast scenario have the slowest growth in sequence numbers? Answer: Drop_NoFast scenario has the slowest growth in sequence numbers since it has 0.5% of packet drop and even fast retransmit is turned off in the TCP settings. Therefore there are several timeouts in the connection and usually one big timeout period occurs before transmission of packet again. But due to fast retransmit turned on, only 3 round trips of time occurs before a packet is retransmitted so there is a faster recovery. 3) In the Drop_NoFast scenario, obtain the overlaid graph that compares Sent Segment Sequence Number with Received Segment ACK Number for Server_West. Explain the graph.
The graph shows comparison of the three scenarios for sent segment sequence number. The green curve represents No_Drop scenario where it shoots up as it is a perfect scenario where there is no loss of packets. Whereas the blue curve which representd Drop_Fast Scenario increases exponentially because there is loss of packets and retransmission takes place.
What does TCP mean? TCP is a set of rules that governs the delivery of data over the internet or other network that uses the Internet Protocol, and sets up a connection between the sending and receiving computers.
DR positions should be plotted at regular intervals depending on the nature of the passage.
Last phase is data exchange. In data exchange, client and server exchanges the data by creating one or more data channels. In each channel, flow is control using window space available. There are 3 stages of the life of the channel: open channel, data transfer and close channel. One the channel is open by either of the party, data is transferred and then channel is closed by either of the party [3].
Next on is the high message rates and speed connections in HFT which relates to the response speed for market order entry , orders quotation and speed for cancellation.
When it comes to getting network traffic from point A to point B, no single way suits every application. Voice and video applications require minimum delay variation, while mission-critical applications require hard guarantees-of-service and rerouting.
Sliding windows, a strategy otherwise called windowing, is utilized by the Internet's Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) as a technique for controlling the stream of bundles between two PCs or system has. TCP requires that every single transmitted data be recognized by the getting host. Sliding windows is a technique by which numerous bundles of information can be insisted with a solitary affirmation.
After reviewing the charts created from the packets given to the class, I discovered that the results from were right around were I expected them to be.
In the OSI model of computer networking, the data link layer is layer two of seven and corresponds to the host-to-network layer of the TCP/IP reference model. Its main aim is to reliably transfer data between two adjacent machines whilst efficiently detecting and correcting errors in transmission. Packets from the network layer are packed into frames and transferred to the network layer on another machine. Data link layer protocols respond to the network layer and issue requests to the physical layer. The data link layer in LANs can contain Media Access Control and Logical Link Control sub-layers.
The potential congestion collapse is one form of congestion collapse, this occurs due to undelivered packets.Just before of reaching final destination,the packet is dropped in the network then wastage of bandwidth occurs.This is due to open-loop applications are not using end-to-end congestion control.
Congestion Control Transfer Protocol (CCTP) is an advanced, stable message-determined transport layer protocol. CCTP lies in between the Network layer and Application layer and serves as the agent between network operation and application programs. Figure below shows the IP suite associated with the relationship of CCTP protocol with others. This protocol blends the prominent characteristics of TCP, UDP and SCTP.
Im going to overview how TCP/IP works into the entire system. Keeping in mind the OSI reference model (Fig. 1). While TCP and/or
3. 135.46.52.2 Ans: The given address is lower than 135.45.56.0/22. The default route will be used and the packets will be routed out over router 1. 4. 192.53.40.7 Ans: 192.53.40.7 and 255.255.254.0= 192.53.40.0. it matches 192.53.40.0/23 routing entry and the packet will be routed out over router 1. 5. 192.53.56.7 Ans: 192.53.56.7 and 255.255.254.0 = 192.53.56.0. The default route will be used and that packet will be routed out over router 2. QUES 2. A Large number of consecutive IP address are available starting at 198.16.0.0. Suppose that four organizations, A, B, C, D request 4000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 addresses, respectively, in that order. For each of these, give a. the first IP address assigned, b. the last IP address assigned c. and the mask in the w.x.y.z/s
The TCP/IP is the most important internet operation protocol in the world. While IP protocol performs the mass of the functions which is needed for the internet to work. It does not have many capabilities which are essential and needed by applications. In TCP/IP model these tasks are performed by a pair of protocols that operate at the transport layer. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). These two protocols are vital when it comes to delivering and managing the communication of numerous applications. To pass on data streams to the proper applications the Transport layer must identify the target application. First, to be able to attain this, Transport layer assigns an application an identifier. In the TCP/IP model call this identifier a port number. Every individual software process needing to access the network is assigned a un...
-Packet scheduler check the order of packet transmission to achieve the Quality of Service for multimedia streaming.