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Basic database design concepts
Basic database design concepts
DATABASE SYSTEM CONCEPTS(2nd
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Inconsistently storing organization data creates a lot of issues, a poor database design can cause security, integrity and normalization related issues. Majority of these issues are due to redundancy and weak data integrity and irregular storage, it is an ongoing challenge for every organization and it is important for organization and DBA to build logical, conceptual and efficient design for database. In today’s complex database systems Normalization, Data Integrity and security plays a key role. Normalization as design approach helps to minimize data redundancy and optimizes data structure by systematically and properly placing data in to appropriate groupings, a successful normalize designed follows “First Normalization Flow”, “Second Normalization Flow” and “Third Normalization flow”. Data integrity helps to increase accuracy and consistency of data over its entire life cycle, it also help keep track of database objects and ensure that each object is created, formatted and maintained properly. It is critical aspect of database design which involves “Database Structure Integrity” and “Semantic data Integrity”. Database Security is another high priority and critical issue for every organization, data breaches continue to dominate business and IT, building a secure system is as much important like Normalization and Data Integrity. Secure system helps to protect data from unauthorized users, data masking and data encryption are preferred technology used by DBA to protect data.
1.0 Normalization
Normalization is the process of identifying the one best place where each fact belongs, it is being used to minimizinge data redundancy and optimizinge data structure by systematically and properly placing data elements in appropriate g...
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...t to track all Internal and External users activity, auditing plays the key role in monitoring these user actions. Data masking and encryption technology provide certain level of assurance that data is not easily accessible to unauthorized users.
CONCLUSION
Normalization, Integrity and Security are the important role for a DBA, Normalization helps to avoid data redundancy by reviewing data base structure at certain level. It helps to build an effective data model. Data Integrity provide some level of assurance over the information getting store and retrieved from database, DBA has to understand all DBMS features use them correctly for Data Integrity. Data Security is toughest part for DBA, auditing and multiple level security can protect data but none of them provide complete security, security can also be managed by encrypting and masking the organization data.
... for real time monitoring purposes, create alerts, and auditing purposes as well as tools to analyze the log information. Such tools help us a great deal in forensic analysis. It is a welcoming change that organizations realize the importance of auditing computer system activities as well.
Auditing enhanced the security in an infrastructure by giving Systems Administrators a closer look of events occurring in their infrastructure. It gives them a history of a certain user’s or computer’s activates and allow them to watch out for intruders’ events and preventing unauthorized access to a certain object in the infrastructure. Best practices of auditing are making an auditing plan at first where Systems Administrators can define what items to audit. In most cases, Systems Administrators should at least archive security logs and audit them, audit login activates, and audit applications logs. Additionally, policy change events must be audited to insure that users can never change the Local Security Authority (LSA). This auditing option allows Systems Administrators to insure that users do not go around enforced polices and cause a security issue to the
A database management system, or DBMS, gives the user access to their data and helps them transform the data into information. Such database management systems include dBase, Paradox, IMS, and Oracle. These systems allow users to create, update, and extract information from their databases. Compared to a manual filing system, the biggest advantages to a computerized database system are speed, accuracy, and accessibility.
Database management system is a group of programs, which enables a user to modify, extract, and store information/data from a database. The system is designed in such a manner that user can be able to access the information they need. The company will uses a soft ware known as database management system, which will be responsible for controlling the data storage, data organization, and data retrieval. In addition, a DBMS will help in reducing data redundancy and inconsistence of the data, and provide the necessary security required to protect the data from being accessed by unauthorized person (Harrington, 2002). Additionally DBMS has a recovery mechanism thus data deleted by mistakes or lost will easily be recovered.
Data normalization is an important step in any database development process. Through this tedious process a developer can eliminate duplication and develop standards by which all data can be measured. This paper addresses the history and function of data normalization as it applies to the course at hand.
1 Data is stored in separate tables this is the idea of a relational database. Each table stores data about a single individual. There are some rules required for relational database tables. Every row must be constructed in the same way, that is each column must contain data of just one data type.
Substantially, to fundamentally elucidate an information system, it is essentially a connected set of elements produced by people and managed through computers which allows the collection and distribution of data, to summarise the term it is generally a database. Data is a plural for datum which are elementary recognisable facts, information is datas that has been correlated so that context is formulated. To interpret data security, it is an assortment of facts which is translated to information secure on an encrypted server due to its personal state. In addition, the majority of security systems within modern technology are encrypted with pass-codes. However, database management systems (DBMS) can be breached in several ways including weak
Data encryption refers to the process of transforming electronic information into a scrambled form that can only be read by someone who knows how to translate the code. In nowadays business world, it’s the easiest and most practical way to secure the information that we stored and processed, and it’s significant for our sensitive information. For example, as electronic commerce is popular now, the vendors and retailers must protect the customers’ personal information from hackers or competitors. They also have many business files or contracts that need to be strictly protected. Without data encryption, these important information may fall into wrong hands and be misused by others. Besides, data encryption may be used to secure sensitive information that exists on company networks, or create digital signatures, and help to authorize in business. No one should underestimate the importance of encryption. A little mistake in encryption may make sensitive information revealing, or even result in illegal and criminal accuse.
As audit firms look to invest in big data, it will be even more critical to understand the implications of using big data and analytics on the audit profession. There are multiple ways in which data analytics would enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of external audits. From looking at the complete population, to finding trends, to allowing employees to do less routine tasks, there are multiple ways big data benefits audits. Big data would also enhance critical procedures performed for the sales and collection cycle. These benefits are not without some drawbacks that would need to be addressed by the profession.
Data is very important and to keep it secure is more important, DBA has to make sure that database has enough security, they need to keep track of all database access activity and denied permission to unauthorized users. This also involves creation of new User roles, application role and maintenance of these roles.
In the past, most of the databases were centralized, protected, and kept in a one location using a complicated database system known as centralized database. Nowadays, with the new technology of personal computers and cell phones, a new sort of database has appeared, and it seems that majority of people are pleasant with it, even if their private data is split everywhere. Many enterprises had changed their databases from the centralized databases, into the distributed database system, since it meets the demand of accessing and processing the data in the organization. Distributed database technology is considered as one of the most remarkable developments in this century (Ozsu, 1991; Rahimi & Haug, 2010; Cain, 2012). Distributed databases are basically a collection of databases that are divided on multiple computers which are connected logically but located in different physical locations, and each site manages its own local data. In contrast, centralized database is a database that is located in a one location and it is considered as a big single database (Connolly & Begg, 2010).
Auditing has been the backbone of the complicated business world and has always changed with the times. As the business world grew strong, auditors’ roles grew more important. The auditors’ job became more difficult as the accounting principles changed. It also became easier with the use of internal controls, which introduced the need for testing, not a complete audit. Scandals and stock market crashes made auditors aware of deficiencies in auditing, and the auditing community was always quick to fix those deficiencies. Computers played an important role of changing the way audits were performed and also brought along some difficulties.
There are various terms that are associated with Enterprise Data Management. Some of these terms are UML, OLAP, OLTP, Data Warehouse, Data Mart and Multi-Tier Architecture. Subsequently, these terms were covered during the five week course of DMB405 and will be explained in further detail throughout the course of the paper. Although the paper will not be all inclusive to the detail of each term, it will touch upon the definition, their use and their place in Enterprise Data Management. The first term that will be discussed is UML and how it relates to the subject at hand.
The first thing that we must consider about Information Security is that there is not a final destination at which we can arrive. IT Security is an ongoing set of processes and activities that requires attention and expertise on a daily basis. It is important to understand that systems are not secured by themselves and it is our responsibility to maintain and improve them periodically as required. It is of vital importance to establish the appropriate mechanisms and requirements in order to support the company’s CIA triad. The following report will provide you guidance about auditing and hardening techniques applied though the 7 Domains by utilizing IT Security Best Practices.
In our world, people rely heavily on the power of technology every day. Kids are learning how to operate an iPad before they can even say their first word. School assignments have become virtual, making it possible to do anywhere in the world. We can receive information from across the world in less than a second with the touch of a button. Technology is a big part of our lives, and without it life just becomes a lot harder. Just like our phones have such an importance to us in our daily lives, database management systems are the same for businesses. Without this important software, it would be almost impossible for companies to complete simple daily tasks with such ease.