“Lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system; this system fights off viruses and bacterias. The lymphatic system includes the lymph nodes (lymph glands), spleen, thymus gland and bone marrow. Lymphoma can affect all these areas as well as other organs throughout the body”. (Mayo Clinic 2016) There are two types of Lymphoma: hodgkins and non-hodgkin's. “The major difference between the two types of lymphoma; is that Hodgkin’s lymphoma is easier to treat with chemotherapy and radiotherapy while Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is harder to treat, but is possible” (Bingham 2010). The most common lymphoma type is non-hodgkins which also runs in my family history.
“The cause of non-hodgkin’s lymphoma is yet unknown. Although, it occurs when too many white
…show more content…
The first step for a diagnosis is a physical examination of your lymph nodes which is conducted by a doctor; this process is very simple, the doctor will feel your lymph nodes for any swelling or bumps. The doctor will then take blood and urine samples and check for any abnormalities. Many imaging tests can be conducted such as computerized tomography scan (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography scan (PET). These scans allow the doctor to look more in depth and give the patient the correct diagnosis. Another way to diagnose lymphoma is a sample of your lymph node; during this procedure the patient will be put under anesthesia and have an incision made where the lump is and a sample will be removed for further testing. Lastly, a bone marrow biopsy can be conducted to look for any cancerous cells in your blood cells located in the bone tissue. (Mayo Clinic 2016) In 1994, a new method was a new beginning to diagnose non-hodgkin’s lymphoma, “it was named the Revised European-American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms (REAL classification). World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues was an effort that involved 138 authors and two clinical advisory committees consisting of 62 clinical specialists with expertise in myeloid and lymphoid disorders”. (Tomislav Meštrović …show more content…
I think scientists and doctors are looking for faster treatment process. For example, the target therapy only kills cancerous cells and does not affect healthy cells compared to standard chemotherapy (American Cancer Society 2016). Lymphoma treatments have and will continue to improve efficiently based off of personal experience. My mother had lymphoma in 1999 the year I was born which is seventeen years from now. When she got treatment there was an open port in her neck; seventeen years later my little brother got the same cancer. My brother also had a port, but his was located on his chest under his skin. (Chavez Mendoza 2016) The treatment for lymphoma has improved very quickly; scientists and doctors will continue to find similar treatment options, so that people can have a speedy
Causes of Hodgkin’s lymphoma are not known but it is most common in young people age 15 to 35 and in older patents of 50 to 70 years old.
Hodgkin 's Lymphoma occurs when following a mutation in the lymphocyte DNA. The mutation occurs after birth, meaning that Hodgkin’s disease is not hereditary. The mutated DNA can lead to the uncontrolled growth of cancerous lymphocytes if untreated. The cancerous lymphocytes produce tumor masses in the lymph
There are several test that can be performed to diagnose Kaposi Sarcoma including: physical exams, chest x-rays, and biopsies. For physical exams doctors will exam the body to check for general signs of health. This includes checking the skin and lymph nodes for sighs of disease, like lumps. A chest x-ray is done of the organs and bones of the chest, to look for Kaposi Sarcoma in the lungs. A biopsy is the removal of cells or tissue so it can be viewed through a microscope to be checked for cancer. An endoscopy or bronchoscopy may be done to check for Kaposi sarcoma lesions in the gastrointestinal tract or lungs.
...0’s cancer mortality rates have dramatically decreased from 10% to over 80% for leukemia. Overall decline in mortality for cancer was nearly 54% from 1978 to 2008 (National Cancer Institute, 2011). Decrease in mortality rates are due to improvements in cancer treatments. Recent advances in treatments are due to aggressive cancer therapies and collaboration of findings from clinical trials. More than 80 percent of patients are expected to be long term cancer survivors (National Cancer Institute, 2011).
Although there is no early detection test for mesothelioma, there are several tests that can be used to help in making the diagnosis of mesothelioma, including a chest x-ray, a CT scan, or an MRI scan. A chest x-ray yields an image of the lungs that will show many types of abnormal changes. A CT scan is a type of x-ray, but it uses a computer rather than film to create detailed images. An MRI scan uses magnetism, radio waves, and a computer but does not utilize radiation to create a clear image. These tests help your doctor differentiate mesothelioma from other lung tumors as well as determine where the tumor is and its size. Your doctor may need to remove a tissue sample from the tumor or draw fluid from it to confirm it to confirm the diagnosis.
Crohn’s disease is a disease that causes inflammation, swelling, and irritation to any part of the digestive tract which is also known as the gastrointestinal tract or GI tract. The disease most commonly targets the ileum which is a part in the small intestine. The digestive tract is organs that connect your mouth to your anus and it releases hormones and enzymes for the digestion in food. The inflammation caused by the disease goes deep into the lining of the digestive tract. It creates a stricture in the small intestine which is a narrowing of the pathway that can slow the movement of food through the intestine. The stricture can then move to large intestine which can cause many problems for absorption. When the disease causes the intestine to swell it can also be very problematic because the large intestine wouldn’t be able to function properly. Crohn’s disease is considered as an inflammatory bowel disease.
The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies Hodgkin’s lymphoma into two different groups: nodular lymphocyte predominant (NLPHL) and classical HL (cHL). NLPHL develops slowly, is found predominantly in males, and accounts for about 5% of all HL cases. It is characterized by L&H cells and a different antigenic profile (Roddle, Peggs, 2009, p. 208). In contrast, cHL, the most common subtype, comprises nearly 80% of diagnosed cases. Classical HL is divided into four subtypes. “The diagnosis is dependent on the pathological finding of H...
Diagnosing these cancers is very tricky because they tend to have a lot of the same symptoms, not only to themselves but also to other diseases. Lymphoma is usually misdiagnosed as IBS and as a conciquece of such with the treatment for IBS usually causes the cancer to further spread and develop it's self. (Science Weekly, 2012) Just like in human cancers when finding a lump under the skin on any part of the body it is important to go the the vet and get them checked out. The most comon way of diagnosing cancers is by a biopsy, which is taking a part of flesh from the suspected affected area and testing it for any cancerous cells. Most cancers are misdiagnosed or go undiagnosed completely because their symptoms often resemble other diseases which are easier treated, and more common.
Hansen’s Disease also known as Leprosy dates back to at least 4000b.c. Evidence of the disease’s presents in ancient times was found on an Egyptian papyrus dating from around 1500bc. These earlier cultures believed it was a curse or punishment from the gods. During the middle ages, the afflicted wore special clothing and rang bells to alert the uninfected of their presence. The first known origin of this disease is Egypt from here Roman Crusaders contracted the disease and brought it back to Europe and from Europe to America.
There are two types of lymphoma, Hodgkin disease and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and even though they are different they both begin the same way. Like other cancers, lymphoma results when cells divide too quickly or do not die because of a discrepancy in their genes. The cells that are affected in this type of cancer are white blood cells called lymphocytes. Lymphocytes make up around 20 to 40 percent of all white blood cells, and are divided into two categories, B or T. Both types help support the immune system by destroying infectious or foreign substances, but B lymphocytes make antibodies to fight these substances while T lymphocytes directly attack the unwanted substances. These cells work in the lymph system which is a part of the immune system. The main jobs of the lymph system are to protect the body from unwanted substances and to transport waste. The system includes many vital organs such as lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, thymus, and the digestive tract. When lymphocytes become cancerous they collect in the lymph nodes therefore blocking the passage of waste and other white blood cells while also using the nodes as a system to travel and spread to other parts of body. These cancerous cells do not die and become a burden for the body because they can no longer fulfill their ...
Elphee, E. E. (2008). Understanding the Concept of Uncertainty in Patients With Indolent Lymphoma. Oncology Nursing Forum, 35(3), 449-454.
Leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells. It begins in the bone marrow, the soft tissue inside the bones. Within the bone marrow is where white blood cells are created, that help fight off bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms within the body that cause infections. The disease develops to when the white blood cells are being produced out of control. The cells that are being produced do not work properly as they should, they grow faster than a normal cell would and don’t know when to stop growing. Overtime, if not treated properly, the white blood cells will over crowd blood cells, creating a serious problem such as anemia, bleeding and infection. Leukemia cells can spread to the lymph nodes and other organs in the body causing swelling and pain.
The emphasis on health and fitness has become paramount in our society today in an effort to prevent and combat diseases such as Cancers. Cancers are a group of over 100 diseases that affects every aspect of the human system from skin, to bones, to muscles, to blood. One of the most common blood disorders is Leukemia. As defined by the U.S. National Library of Medicine, Leukemia is a type of blood cancer that begins in the bone marrow. The bone marrow is the soft tissue in the center of the bone that is responsible for the production of blood cells. The term leukemia means white blood. The term leukocytes refer to white blood cells, which are body’s defense against infections and other foreign substances. When Leukemia occurs there is an uncontrolled increase in the number of white blood cells. When this occurs, these cancerous cells inhibit the production of healthy red blood cells, platelets, and mature white blood cells. Over time the cancerous cells can spread to the bloodstream and lymph nodes. They can also travel to the Central Nervous System and the rest of the body.
To classify ALL, physicians used to use what is called the French-American-British (FAB) classification to divided the disease into three categories called L1, L2, or L3, based on how the leukemia cells looked under a microscope(American Cancer Society, 2013)54. This method is now a thing...
Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Differences? and similarity on MedicineNet.com. Retrieved December 9, 2013, from http://www.cdl.gov http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=79261 Turley, Susan M. (2014). The 'Path of Medical language (third ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Education & Training, Inc. Zimmerman, K. A. & Co.,