Article 1 – The Sleep of School Children, its Distribution According to Age, and its Relation to Physical and Mental Efficiency
This article by Terman and Hocking (1952) gives an early look, in the 1950’s, at what their thoughts were about sleep terrors were, what they were caused by, and what could be done with them. The language of the article is not language that is currently used, such as calling the participants of the research defectives, which looking back at the 1950’s terminology was acceptable. Today, we call them participants or subjects.
Terman and Hocking (1952) thought children who suffered from night terrors were “occasionally provoked by indigestion, obstructed breathing or other reflex irritations” (p. 273) and more likely by hereditary issues, “notably migraine(s)” (p. 273). During their time of studying, the authors looked into the number of hours a child slept, the ventilation in the house, and the housing conditions. The variables did not prove what they were trying to find, so they went on to looking at the physical issues and ailments of children.
One child in particular, the article chronicles, is haunted by night terrors and self-reports that he has never had a dream, just nightmares. The child’s nightmares were vivid in which he was able to give details. Most of his nightmares had monsters chasing him and starving him and withholding water from him. When the researchers looked into his home life, he and his mother were very poor and did not know when the next meal was going to be. The child, being frustrated after years of having these recurring nightmares, meditated and told himself over and over he was no longer going to suffer from night terrors (p. 274). According to the researche...
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...ian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 33, 734-739.
Guilleminault, C. & Palombini, L. & Pelaya, R. & Chervin, R. (January 2003). Sleepwalking and sleep terrors in prepubertal children: what triggers them? Pediatrics, 11(1), 17-25.
Nguyen, B. et al. (December 2008). Sleep terrors in children: a prospective of twins. Pediatrics, 122(6), 1164-1167.
Shang, C. & Gau, S. & Soong, W. (2006). Association between childhood sleep problems and perinatal factors, prenatal mental distress and behavioral problems. European Sleep Research Society, 15, 63-73.
Stores, G. (1998). Sleep paralysis and hallucinosis. Behavioral Neurology, 11, 109-112.
Terman, L. & Hocking, A. (1952). The sleep of school children, its distribution according to age, and its relation to physical and mental efficiency. The Journal of Educational Psychology, III, 269-282.
“I became restless and was afraid to sleep for fear that my suppressed thoughts would appear in my dreams” (70).
Cosleeping and Biological Imperatives: Why Human Babies Do Not and Should Not Sleep Alone." Neuroanthropology.net. n.p. 21 December 2008. Web. The Web.
For centuries, adults and children alike have been afraid to go to bed at night. The
Both Dr. Richard Ferber and Dr. William Sears have impressive credentials. Richard Ferber, M.D is an associate professor of neurology at Harvard Medical School. His other credentials include board certification in pediatrics and sleep disorders medicine and being the director of the Center for Pediatric Sleep Disorders at Children’s Hospital in Boston. Beginning in 1978, he has been doctoring children with sleep problems. Dr. William Sears is an Associate Clinical Professor of Pediatrics at the University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine. Dr. Sears received his pediatric training at Harvard Medical School’s Children’s Hospital in Boston and The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, where he served as associate ward chief of the newborn nursery and associate professor of pediatrics. Dr. Sears is a fellow of the American Academy of Pediatrics and a fellow of the Royal College of Pediatricians. In addition to all his professional credentials he is a father of eight children and has written over 30 books associated with ...
The short-term benefits to infants of co-sleeping with their mothers would be increase breast feeding which promotes bed-sharing, increase sleep interval and duration, less crying time, increase compassion to mother’s communication (McKenna, Mosko , & Richard, pg. 604). Short-term benefits to mothers who co-sleep with their infants would be more sleep time with gratification, increase sensitization to infant’s physiological-social status, increase wellbeing and the ability to understand developmental signals from the infant, and improved skill to supervise and accomplish infant wants (McKenna, Mosko , & Richard, pg. 604). Long-term benefits of co-sleeping for infants are under-represented, but it can spread relief with sexual identity, infants become independent and increase control of their reactions and anxiety, and they become more self-determining in task problem solving and initiating because they are better at being unaccompanied (McKenna, Mosko , & Richard, pg. 604). Parents should know the benefits of co-sleeping either long-term or
Polimeni, M. A., Richdale, A. L., & Francis, A. J. P. (2005). A survey of sleep problems in autism, Asperger's disorder and typically developing children.Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49(4), 260-268. http://www.bowdiges.org/documents/files/
If all of these important activities occur during sleep, why is it that people are so willing to short themselves of this vital activity? Although much about sleep still remains a mystery, research and experiments continue to show how important sleep is to each and every person. Throughout this paper, I will discuss sleep and the effects that it has on performance and health, especially among college students. A college student’s sleeping pattern is a reliable indicator of their level of performance in the classroom and other school-affiliated activities, as a lack of sleep leads to decreased performance. Sleep is directly related to the level of performance and health of an individual; the more rested a person is, the better that person will perform and feel (Dryer, 2006).
Ohayon, M.M., Caulet, M., Priest, R.G. (1997) Violent Behavior During Sleep New Jersey: J Clin Psychiatry
Gomes, Ana Allen, Jose Taveres, and Maria Helena Azevedo. “Sleep-Wake Patterns and Academic Performance in University Students.” 7 Oct. 2002: 7. Education-Line Database. 2 Feb. 2004. <http://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/00002200.htm.>
Carpenter, S. (n.d.). Sleep deprivation may be undermining teen health. http://www.apa.org. Retrieved March 6, 2014, from http://www.apa.org/monitor/oct01/sleepteen.aspx
Anxiety and stress have long been thought to be a primary cause of nightmares. According to The International Association for the Study of Dreams (IASD) traumatic life events such as major surgery, long term illness, grieving the loss of a loved one, suffering an injury or being involved in or witnessing a major accident can trigger bad dreams. But traumatic experiences are not the cause behind all nightmares. For many people, ordinary stress caused by job or financial anxiety, or major life changes such as moving or divorce, can also trigger disruptions in sleep and bad dreams. Because some nightmares are believed to be a subconscious release of emotions and inner turmoil, feelings of inadequacy, insecurities and fear may also be contributing causes for night terrors in adults and children. (I...
Vandekerckhove, M., & Cluydts, R. (2010). The emotional brain and sleep: An intimate relationship. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 14(4), 219-226. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2010.01.002
Sleep has always been a popular subject among humans. There have been many studies that examine sleep and its correlation with a wide variety of variables, such as depression, energy levels, and grades. Students, as a group, are widely studied. As the world’s future leaders and thinkers, there is great importance placed on their achievements. In this study the effect of student sleep habits on perceived academic performance is investigated. Many things may affect students’ academic success among these variables are sleep habits.
The Ancient Greeks had surprise dream encounters with their gods. Native Americans turned to their dreams for guidance in life. Shamans dreamed in order to gather information from the spirits. Sleep and dreams define eras, cultures, and individuals. Sigmund Freud’s interpretation of dreams revolutionized twentieth-century thought.
Wells, M., & Vaughn, B. V. (2012). Poor Sleep Challenging the Health of a Nation. Neurodiagnostic Journal,52(3), 233-249.