1. INTRODUCTION
Natural dyes are the colorants or dyes and pigmentary molecules that are obtained from plants, animals or mineral sources with or without chemical treatments. They are the organic molecules containing hydroxyl group at its nucleus. Many plants have been identified as a potentially rich in natural dye content, and some of them have been used for quite some time. Usually natural dyes are extracted from the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits of various plants, dried bodies of certain insects and minerals. Some plants may have more than one color depending upon which part of the plant one uses. The shade of the color of a plant produces will vary according to the time of the year the plant is picked, how it is grown, soil conditions etc. The sudden rise in the use of natural dye is because of the restrictions imposed by various nations in response to environmental and health hazard associated with the synthetic dyes [22]. Dyeing is an ancient art which predates written records. It was practiced during the Bronze Age in Europe. The earliest written record of the use of natural dyes was found in China dated 2600 B.C. Dyeing was known as early as in the Indus valley period (2500 B.C); this knowledge has been substantiated by findings of colored garments of cloth and traces of madder dye in the ruins of Indus valley civilization at Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa (3500 B.C) [47].
Primitive dyeing techniques included sticking plants to fabric or rubbing crushed pigments into cloth. The ancient India was particularly advanced in dyeing techniques and has been known since the 16th century for their vibrant colors and designs on fabrics. Also, Indians discover the use of mordants to make dyes fast and integral part of fabrics, no...
... middle of paper ...
... countries and India is still a major producer of it [24].
Nature has gifted us with more than 500 dye-yielding plants [30]. One such dye –yielding plant species is Tagetes erecta Linn. , commonly known as Mexican Marigold because of its origin. This research was performed with the explicit objective of extracting natural dye from the petals of Mexican marigold flower using different solvents such as Methanol, Ethanol and Water, and to investigate its dyeing effects on different fabrics and yarn samples. The effects of various mordants on the stability of the dye as well as on the dye color were also analyzed. The color shade differences, L*a*b* values and color strength (K/S values) were estimated using CCM software analysis via Gretag Macbath 7000 A º spectrophotometer. Light fastness, Wash fastness, and Rubbing fastness were also evaluated for fabrics and yarns.
The first to use native dye plants in the United States were the Native Americans. Their culture was totally dependent on what the land produced. This is reflected in the wealth of information Native Americans possessed about useful plants, from medicinal to ceremonial and dye plants. This is reflected in the types of houses they built and the names of places (often after the plants that grew there). Early European colonists foolishly ignored the wisdom of the Native Americans and modern Americans are not much wiser. Americans need to learn about the plants and animals in our own country and how they can be useful to mankind. Instead of bringing non-adapted species of Europe to North America we need to learn what native adapted species can fulfill our needs and wants (Gilmore 1977). For example, we spend thousands of dollars feeding, sheltering, and caring for European cattle when we have native bovines, bison which are naturally adapted to the climate and environment. Melvin Randolph Gilmore sums this idea up well in the following quote:
PURPOSE: The purpose of the experiment is to determine the specific types of pigments found in water-soluble marker pens by using paper chromatography and water as a solvent.
Some existing Literature on Natural Hair The existing literature on ethnic and racial studies among African-Americans has focused on issues pertaining to beauty and body politics especially on natural hair. Spellers and Moffitt assert that the body politics that one assumes, guides how one relates to a particular political ideology in a particular society. Black natural hair is considered as a way by which the true identity of African women can be understood (Jacobs-Huey). It is a symbol of power among black women; it influences how people are treated by others.
The LWC Color Guard depends on the capability of its captains and how well they can do their job as a section leader. A leader, in general, is someone who many people look to for advice, instruction, motivation, and most importantly, encouragement. This means that it is important for a leader to have the ability to make difficult decisions and do what is best for the color guard. An essential job of a leader is to guide others as well as being an example of a hard, passionate, and dedicated worker. Some qualities that are necessary for a color guard captain are compassion, character, and courage.
A Comparison of the Chemical Structures and Production Methods of Silk and Artificial Silk Abstract Despite their seemingly similar exteriors, the chemical structures and production methods of natural silk and the artificial silks, rayon and nylon are quite different. Silk yarn, extracted from the.. from the cocoon of the Bombyx mori moth, is made up of fibroin molecules with beta-pleated. sheet of secondary structures. The fibroin molecules consist of crystalline fibers constructed of regularly paralleled, unfolded polypeptide chains of polyglycylalanine mixed with an amorphous. part.
Forensic analysis of dyed textile fibers. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2009Aug; 394(8):2009-18. Epub 2009 Jun 20.
Kool-Aid, strawberry ice cream, and Doritos: What do these things have in common? Whether you realize it or not, many ordinary foods contain dyes. Some of the dyes are natural; others are synthetic. Is one better than the other?
Food coloring is typically used in food and drink products. Another term used for food coloring is artificial color. It is added to give the product a certain colored appearance. Food coloring can come as a gel, paste, liquid, or powder. Food coloring contains various chemicals but is often based from petroleum
Modern technology has made the phrase “every color in the rainbow” old-fashioned. Chemists are making colors available that would stagger the old masters. From impossible pinks and greens to metallic and iridescent, the color choices are incredible. It would take a very generous budget to purchase all the hues available.
Weaving is a common thread among cultures around the world. Weaving is a way of producing cloth or textile. Today we have machines that weave large-scale textiles at cheap prices. Production of cloth by hand is rarely engaged in today’s Westernized societies. Not many people are thinking about how the fibers are actually constructed to make their clothes. However, in other cultures across the world the tradition of weaving still exists. By comparing three cultures that continue weaving as a part of their tradition we can see similarities and the differences between them. The reasons that each culture still weaves vary, as do the methods and materials. The desired characteristics of the cloth also vary around the world as each culture values different aesthetics.
This experiment demonstrated the ability of agarose gel electrophoresis to separate the mixture of dyes into their individual components by the application of a combination of dyes to the same sample well. The experiment effectively demonstrated that the dyes where different in structure, energy, and composition. Most of the dyes where negatively charged at neutral pHs and only one with positive charge. The positive charge one moved an opposite direction compared to the other dyes.
Hue is the common name for the colours in the spectrum which are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet. A pigment is a colouring ag...
In the art and the anthropology, the avatar chromaticity colors indicate the use of colors as a symbol in all cultures. Psychological chromatography refers to the effect of color on human behavior and emotions, as distinct from light indications. Moreover, avatar colorimetric and the color psychology are based on the cultural links with varying according to the era, place, and culture. In fact, one of the colors can have many symbols as well as different psychological effects in the same place. Broadly, the avatar colorimetric is a continuous field of ongoing studies relies on a wide range of anecdotal evidence heritage and also the scientific researches. Furthermore, no one has asked him/herself why he/she prefers a special color and the response is that according to the research, because the colorful dresses enhance your mood and lead to the atmosphere of fun, in contrast to the dark colors which indicate some of inwardness and sensitivity.
Fabrics can be made of natural and synthetic materials. Natural fabrics, like cotton (NY Fashion Center) for example, are found here on earth while synthetic fabrics are manmade (MV Styles). There are many distinguish ways to determine if a fabric is natural or synthetic. Each fabric is different in its own way due to it reaction to heat, its odor, residue and chemicals (MV Styles). Fabrics are seen and used every day and in every way. Synthetic material has been pushed more into the picture because it much easier to make and the cheapest to buy. Synthetic materials are sometimes made form fossil fuels like coal. Cotton and Broadcloth are natural fabrics; Polyester is synthetic and Flannel in a synthetic blend with cotton. Fabrics are made up of fibers which have their own chemical structure, which determines their classification. Polymers make up the fibers (Ball-Deslich and Funkhouser). Since cotton is natural, it comes from a natural cellulose fiber with the polymer of glucose (Cotton). Polyester is synthetic which can be classified as saturated or u...
The first known studies of color were done in ancient Greece by Aristotle, theorized that color existed in the form of rays sent down from the heavens by God. His theory was not disputed until the Renaissance when Aguilonius and Sigfrid Forsius developed more sophisticated color systems. Aguilonius's system was the first attempt at def...