Nationalization
NATIONALIZATION, in broad economic terms, the governmental appropriation of
property other than land, transferring it from the domain of private property to national
control. More specifically, the term designates the assumption by a nation of the
ownership of privately owned industry, distributive enterprises, or other businesses or
services. When applied as part of socialist or Communist programs for abolition of
private property, nationalization is sometimes known as socialization. Following a severe
change in government, such as a revolution, nationalization may be effected by
expropriation without compensation to the owners of the property, as in Soviet Russia in
1917-18 and in Cuba in 1959. In more gradual governmental evolution, property
appropriation may be effected by some form of payment to the owners, as in Great
Britain after the installation of the Labour party government in 1945. Denationalization
also occurs, as in the case of Britain's steel industry.
Historical Background.
Although some degree of government ownership of national resources, industry,
transportation, communications, or services essential to social welfare has been a feature
of every form of organized society, the subject of nationalization, prior to the latter part
of the 19th century, remained the concern primarily of social reformers. The 17th-century
English reformer Peter Chamberlen, for example, held that poverty could be eliminated
by the nationalization of royal and church estates, the commons or parks, forests, mines,
and other assets of land and sea; he advocated the confiscation of what he characterized
as unearned increments in manufacturing, trade, and agriculture. During the French
Revolution, the French socialist leader François Noël Babeuf advocated the immediate
nationalization of all corporations and of the property of individuals following their
deaths.
Periodically, reform movements in the U.S. have advocated specific nationalization. In
the late 19th century, the People's party proposed to break the monopolistic control of
freight rates by the railroads through "national ownership of . . . transportation."
The first government to initiate a complete nationalization of industry was that of the
Soviet Union under Lenin. With respect to other governments, nationalization was used
by formerly colonial and semicolonial countries to secure their natural resources against
exploitation by foreign capitalist interests; a typical example was the nationalization by
the Mexican government in the 1920s and '30s of the country's various mines and, to
safeguard Mexico's vast oil deposits, of the subsoil.
More recent examples of nationalization can be found in the Middle East and in Latin
America. One was the expropriation of the Suez Canal by Egypt in 1956. During the
early 1970s many of the foreign-owned oil interests in the Middle East were either partly
or totally nationalized in a concerted move by the Arab states to gain control over their
Davidson, J. (Ed.). (2002). Nation of nations: A concise narrative of the American republic. (3rd ed., Vol. 2). New York: McGraw-Hill
Mexico declared its independence from Spain in Sept, 16, 1810, and for the next 100 years what followed was a period of political instability of rule under monarchies, federal republics and dictatorships. Finally in 1910, a revolt on the autocracy under Porfirio Diaz led to the start of the M...
The border region has seen “rapid transformation in a short span of time, changing from a cattle ranching and mining area that attracted U.S., Mexican and European capitalists…to the center of a lucrative vice and pleasure-based tourist industry, to a region that …attracted an extraordinary amount of international capital to its manufacturing and services sector”. (Ganster/Lorey 2) Events and years such as the implementation of the railroad, the years before the Mexican Revolution, the land reform in 1936 and 1937, the implementation of the maquiladora program and the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has had a significant impact on the U.S. Mexican Borderlands.
This documentary called “The Storm that Swept Mexico”, talks about one of the most important events in Mexican history which was the Mexican revolution which started on 1910 and lasted for about 10 years. At first this video starts talking about how Mexico lost a major part of their land in Mexican American war. The states that Mexico lost were Arizona, Texas, New Mexico, and California in 1848, by president Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna. Moreover, another war mentioned was the one Mexico had against France called “Battle of Puebla”. After this atrocious war Mexico had 20 years of peace until the Mexican revolution in 1910 took place. This very interesting video dragged my attention due to the fact that it explains precisely every important figure that was involved in such a big movement. Furthermore, in this fascinating video I learned a lot of interesting facts about Porfirio Diaz. For example, he is the president that lasted 30 years in power, and was the president number thirty to rule Mexico. Another interesting fact about this iconic figure is that his period as Mexican president was called the “Porfiriato”
No place to work? No means through which to provide for your family? These were the issues facing the individuals in northern Mexico during the 1900s. Many people were without jobs, having no way to provide for their family. They looked high and low, but the job market was sparse, and if there were jobs available, they probably required a specialized skillset that the people didn’t have. In order to solve this problem, Mexico and America jointly began the formation of the first maquiladoras. We will determine the effect that maquiladoras have had on the history of Mexico by looking at when and why they were first started and what have been the positive and negative effects of them.
Up until 1931, no organized labor union had ever been recognized by the Mexican government. In fact, unde...
When we hear discussions or read articles about drug wars, killings, and illegal immigration into the United States, many of us immediately think of Mexico. As a nation, Mexico is a much greater country than these commonly referred to issues. Mexico is a country with a broad history, deep family culture, and an economy fueled by oil and tourism. The United States Department of State (USDS) offers a broad range of information on countries outside the US, including Mexico. I found a wealth of information about Mexico through the USDS Background Note provided on their website located at www.state.gov. I will outline for you the key information found in this report, and others, related to the Mexican economy, culture, and more.
been seen through nations seeking to control the populous, such as in Germany during World
The Mexican Revolution began November 20th, 1910. It is disputable that it extended up to two decades and seized more than 900,000 lives. This revolution, however, also ended dictatorship in Mexico and restored the rights of farm workers, or peons, and its citizens. Revolutions are often started because a large group of individuals want to see a change. These beings decided to be the change that they wanted to see and risked many things, including their lives. Francisco “Pancho” Villa and Emiliano Zapata are the main revolutionaries remembered. These figures of the revolution took on the responsibility that came with the title. Their main goal was to regain the rights the people deserved. The peons believed that they deserved the land that they labored on. These workers rose up in a vehement conflict against those opposing and oppressing them. The United States was also significantly affected by this war because anybody who did not want to fight left the country and migrated north. While the end of the revolution may be considered to be in the year of 1917 with the draft of a new constitution, the fighting did not culminate until the 1930’s.
Mexico’s has a rich history, culture, economy, and government. Prior to the Spanish arrival, Mexico was habited by Indian groups with varying economic and political systems. The communities that lived in the north comprised of gatherers and hunters. However, agriculturalists populated the rest of the country. They were a dense population and were characterized by varying cultures (Miller, 2015). The county has developed tremendously since the Spanish conquest. The government has also changed continuously over the years.
International Congress of Mexican History. Contemporary Mexico: Papers of the IV International Congress of Mexican History. Berkley, University of California Press, 1976
In Taft, California, with a perimeter of razor wire, armed prison guards, supervise hundreds of medium security level federal inmates. Welcome to one of America's newest and fastest growing trends in the area of corrections. This new phenomenon is termed, The Corporation of Modern Corrections. Faced with an increase in prison overcrowding and aging institutions, court orders demanding immediate reform coupled with a straining budget, mandatory minimum sentences, and the public's attitude toward "getting tough on crime", America's justice system is in need of an overhaul. Thus, government leaders are ready to consider different options to help reduce the strain, while still meeting is legal responsibility to provide services. The option to emerge to the forefront is Prison Privatization - " the transfer of asset's and of production of public goods and services from government to the private sector."1 in other words, private interest is being given the opportunity to help alleviate the strain of taking care of a growing population more economically and efficiently than the government.
The crisis took place on the Suez-Canal in Egypt during the cold war years of the 1950’s. Gamal Abdel-Nasser was in charge of Egypt in 1954. He wanted to improve conditions in Egypt, and so he decided that he would build the Aswan Dam. In order to fund the construction of the dam he seized the Suez- canal, and charged each passage that sailed across it. The British, French, and the Israelis, who strongly opposed the idea, used this as a reason to attack Egypt.
The history of political instability in Mexico and its need for revolution is very complex and dates back to the colonization of Mexico by the Spaniards in the 1500s. However, many aspects of the social situation of Mexico when the Revolution broke out can be attributed to the thirty-year dictatorship of President Porfrio Diaz, prior to 1911. The Revolution began in November of 1910 in an effort to overthrow the Diaz dictatorship. Under the Diaz presidency, a small minority of people, primarily relatives and friends, were in ...
This has caused an absence of a core state for the Islamic world. There have been individual revolutions in several countries such as Omar Al Mukhtar in Libya, the Million Martyrs Revolution in Algeria…against Western colonization but the strategic centre of gravity had already shifted.