You have asked the following question: “A corridor with an 11-6, drop-in, ceiling has a suspended gyp board cloud 6 in. below at 11-0 above finished floor. Occupancy is light hazard and construction is non-combustible. The 6-in. separation does not allow space for a sprinkler covering above the cloud to operate. Is coverage above the cloud required?” In response to your question, we have reviewed NFPA 13, 2013 edition that you indicated as the applicable standard. Our informal interpretation is treat the cloud ceiling per the obstructions rules.
Although the NFPA 13, 2013 standard does not specifically call out ceiling clouds, they are treated as obstructions. The standard cannot begin to name every type of obstruction. There have been several attempts to provide guidance for ceiling
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Thus, the clouds will not function as a ceiling but acts simply as obstructions. Use the obstruction rules from NFPA 13 to address this issue. Sprinklers will be required at the ceiling/roof assembly and beneath any of the floating clouds that are wider than 4 ft in accordance with 8.5.5.3.1 and 8.6.5.3. Just like with ducts, it is not the length but the width that is applied. The widths are less than 4 ft thus sprinklers are not required in the clouds. The suspended ceiling panels will obstruct more than one sprinkler, thus the sprinkler protection is considered continuously obstructed. Technically, this does not meet the obstruction rules in NFPA 13 since all the sprinklers are continuously obstructed but the standard does not provide specific guidance on how to deal with this. Sprinklers provided above and below the clouds would be excessive. The question is, will a fire in the room be controlled with sprinklers above the ceiling clouds. This application is a light hazard occupancy where the quantity and/or combustibility of contents is low and fires with relatively low rates of heat
What is Light pollution? Light pollution is artificial skylight that interferes especially with astronomical observations. Light pollution has been around for centuries. According to “Stars”, “two-thirds of humanity live under the orange haze of a light-polluted night sky and one-fifth cannot see the Milky Way, the galaxy that contains Earth.” The Milky Way looks like a line that is filled with starts stretching throughout the sky (“Stars”). Not a lot of people are aware of this issue. The main cause of light pollution is bad lighting design. This allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky, where its not wanted (356).
During the performance, as part of the act, pyrotechnics were deployed. The pyrotechnics were gerbs. Gerbs are cylindrical devices that are designed to make a spray of 15-foot plumes of sparks for 15 seconds. Gerbs are befitting for use indoors, as long as the appropriate precautions are taken. The pyrotechnics ignited a polyurethane (egg crate foam) material that is used for packing and product display--but not for "sound proofing," as it was used lining the stage. Considering that this foam is not intended for use as a sound treatment in buildings, it was not treated with fire retardants.
An additional assessment concern is roof flashing. Roof flashing is a line of defense against water leakage. Usually water flashing barriers are composed of a sheet of metal, galvanized steel or aluminum, that is positioned over the joints in the roof and wall construction to stop water from seeping inside the home. A frequent cause of significant water damage to a residence is malfunctioning roof flashing.
The article has two parts, the first part is ““A Response to Mary Gordon” by Sally Mann,” she protects her family pictures from critics that are against her work such as Mary Gordon. (p. 228 - 229). Sally Mann is a photographer that takes pictures of her children and a series of her pictures, her children are nude and the way that they are posing makes some critics question her work. Pictures tell a lot but can be misread between the person behind the camera and the one that see’s the photograph. (p. 229) She looks at her pictures and see’s her children’s innocence while others see it in a sexual way with her children’s poses and gazes. (p. 229) The critics against her work think that it is bad to expose her children in that manner. Mary Gordon does not like Sally Mann’s photo of “The Perfect Tomato”, Gordon thinks that Mann staged the photo, she thinks that all Mann’s photos are always structured and that her children are posing through her commands. Mann claims that in the “tomato” picture, she captured it just in that moment and it was
Fire places should be kept off while the child is around, or at least have a steady hedge around the fire-place that would protect the child from falling into the fire.5.
First of all, let us talk a little about VFR. Here is the definition of VFR: Flight rules adopted by Federal Aviation Administration governing aircraft flight using visual references to fly the aircraft. VFR operations specify the amount of ceiling and the visibility the pilot must have in order to operate according to these rules. The weather conditions during VFR are generally clear and enough to allow the pilot to see where the plane is and what is going on outside the airplane, it can help the pilot to fly the airplane without or not often seeing inside the airplane. The time that pilot use to look outside during VFR can be up to 80 percent or 90 percent or more, when the weather conditions are not very good, like it is very cloudy and the ceiling is just 1000 feet high and the visibility is no more than 1 mile so that the pilot cannot fly according to VFR safely, he or she must use instrument flight r...
But (page 67)”Yet no one had experience in fireproofing those webbed trusses”.The port authority had an event where small fires would happen in february 1975 had caused parts of the floors to buckle and the fire damaged floors in the 9th to the 16th floor, but before this event in 1969 also in this same year they removed the order that the towers should be able to withstand 2-3 hours of fire, depending on the area but before this was set in place The port authority ordered to have the trussed sprayed with a half inch of fireproofing but no one can say why. The question on this order is “would it be possible to apply the mineral to such skinny parts and make it stick to the buildings that would be in constant motion from the wind? Again, the records are bereft of any
... on the power concentration can burn through flesh. Strong standards are in place for the safe use of lasers and laser systems. The backbone of any safety program is the continuous effort of management and employees to follow established safety protocols. Only through a strong support for training education this can be achieved. Simple use of safety guards and protection glasses can dramatically decrease the risk to workers
There are two types of lightning discharges. These are the CC ( cloud to cloud) and CG (cloud to ground). These two discharges consist of different subtypes of lightning. These types of lightning are spider, bead, and ribbon. And rocket lightning. Spider lightning is a long lasting discharge, which usually exist along the cloud base. The discharge is believed to be so long that it seems to crawl along the base of clouds, which is why the nickname for this ligh...
As college students, myself being one of them, we have an opportunity to create a lifestyle for ourselves. College campuses offer a wide variety of extracurricular activities to gain college students’ attention. University campuses put several activities, such as sports, committees, clubs and not least sororities. During high school, girls would talk about pledging in sororities. But do they know about the pros and cons of joining a sorority?
On site I would wear a dust mask correctly adjusted to my face to prevent any dust getting through my mouth or nose to prevent ‘pneumoconiosis’ which simply means ‘dusty lung’ this can cause serious health problems and wearing a face mask adjusted to the right size will decrease the risks massively.
Located in Cleveland, Ohio, the Cleveland Clinic is an academic hospital that offers many specialties of medicine to its patients. The Cleveland Clinic also operates affiliated facilities across the world in Florida, Canada, Nevada, and Abu Dhabi. Four physicians started Cleveland Clinic in 1921 as a collaboration to share expertise in various specialties, allowing patients to come to one location for care. They also placed a high emphasis on the academic culture for advancement and improved patient care. A fire at the Clinic in 1929 killed 123 people, including one of its founders. The main facility has more than 1,400 beds and includes hotels on campus for those who are visiting or staying with patients.
My current employer, Mayo Clinic, is a world renowned not-for-profit hospital that has been established for 150 years. Mayo Clinic is the first and biggest integrated not-for-profit medical group practice in the world and is a well-known brand name that is recognized world-wide. Working for an organization where the primary value is the needs of the patient come first, the organizations domain is held to a higher standard. The mission statement is to encourage hope and contribute to health and well-being by providing the best care to all patients through integrated clinical practice, education and research (Strategic statement of Mayo Clinic, 2012). The vision statement is that Mayo Clinic will offer an unparalleled experience as the most trusted partner for health care (Strategic statement of Mayo Clinic, 2012). In the medical field, innovations, research and technology motivate the business to perform and deliver care in a new standard. Mayo Clinic has a logo of three shields that are interlocked, presenting patient care, research and education.
Like low level clouds, the most basic classification of middle clouds also based on their elevation from earth’s surface. Middle level clouds exist between 2 km to 6 km above of the surface. Middle level clouds were classified into 3 types which is Altocumulus, Altostratus and Nimbostratus (Oliver, 2005). All of these clouds are occur in layers but it different in colour, precipitation and description of the clouds. Altocumulus can be found word widely at middle latitude. It consists of water and ice of crystal. Altocumulus is relatively thin and has different in clouds element such as distinct form because of the several species and types of altocumulus that been identify. It also may exist in different elements like long rolls, tuft of wools (Altocumulus floccus) and castle shaped (castellanus). For precipitation, altocumulus may produce light shower. Altocumulus occurs in white or grey in colours and sometimes it will forms both white and grey of patch, sheet or layers generally with shading, consist of laminae, patch and etc. (Hauze, 1993).
A thunderstorm that produces large amounts of precipitation which reaches the ground should have deep moisture stratums in unstable conditions, causing enough convection to be restricted to the electrification level of the atmosphere, or being lifted by orographic or frontal systems (Rorig and Ferguson, 1999). However, some thunderstorms produce small amounts of precipitation or none. Colson (1960) explained this phenomenon as a result of high-level thunderstorms with high cloud bases where the appropriate conditions for triggering lightning flashes accompanied by precipitation are situated in the upper levels. Rorig and Ferguson (1999) analysed the synoptic patterns of dry thunderstorms and concluded that low moisture levels in the inferior part of the atmosphere coupled with high instability, leads to the evaporation of precipitation prior to reaching the ground level, this way reducing the moisture content of the underlying surface.