helpful individual, and others viewed his work as being inconsistence and spotty at times. Rios is required to submit a formal performance evaluation on all of her workers, and Barlow’s performance appraisal was the most challenging yet she had to face. Lack of Motivation Barlow’s behavior at the TA can be simply defined as lack of motivation, and this can be further explained in depth by the use of expectancy theory. The expectancy model states, “People are motivated to work when they expect to achieve things they want from their jobs. A basic premise of the expectancy model is that employees are rational people. They think about what they have to do to be rewarded and how much the rewards mean to them before they perform their jobs.” (Hellriegel, Slocum, Woodman, 2001, p.146) In addition, Hellriegel, Slocum, and Woodman also explained, individuals decide their jobs that are based on their needs, motivations and past experiences. Decisions about how much to produce, how much to work and the quality of workmanship (job-performance decisions) are solely depend on the individual’s level of motivation. In another words, as it stated in the text, “the expectancy model holds that work motivation is determined by individual beliefs regarding effort-performance relationships and the desirability of various work outcomes associated with different performance levels…Unless an individual believes that effort lead to some desired performance level, he or she will not make much of an effort. ” (Hellriegel, Slocum, Woodman, 2001, p.147) In relation to Barlow, he could not find a reason to be motivated at the TA. First, through his past performance evaluation, he had been rated a score of three consecutively for the past four years. The scores were a punishment itself because he had no way to determine his performance. Regardless Barlow performed well or not, the same score will be given; this caused Barlow to become careless about his job because he saw no reward in his effort; no reason be to motivated. His attitude toward his job was manifest through his work, which was the cause of the incidents. Secondly, Barlow saw no reward from his position. He had secured his position with his expertise and his background knowledge of the TA. When the whistle-blower incident occurred, he was accused of being responsible for the incident; however, neither the TA nor anyone could ...
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...ld also motivate Barlow and increase his performance awareness. First, Rios would have to explain the indifference in performance rating in comparison to the pervious management. Secondly, Rios would have to evaluate according to performances, and fallow up with individuals quarterly. By demonstrating a new performance appraisal approach, one third of the employee would either quit, another would agree with changes, and another would linger until further outcome according to the Third of Law (Achieving Competitive Advantages, 2000). Conclusion Motivate plays a vital role in any organization. As in the case of Estella Rios, motivation was the cause of organization inefficiency. The role of management is to delegate its goals and motivate its employees. Unfortunately, human beings have different needs. One’s motivation might not be the case for another. As management, reward accordingly is an essential tool in an organizational success. Reference Hellriegel, Slocum & Woodman (2001). Organization Behavior (9th ed.). Ohio: South-Western College Publishing. Achieving Competitive Advantage: Managing for Organizational Effectiveness (2000): The Wharton Management Development Series
Mint Julep is the traditional beverage. It is an iced drink consisting of bourbon, mint, and a sugar syrup. This drink can be served in an ice frosted silver julep cup or in a souvenir glass that is printed with all previous Derby winners. Burgoo, a thick stew of beef, chicken, pork, and vegetables, is the popular dish served at the Kentucky Derby. The rose garland is made up of 554 red roses sewn onto green satin. It weighs more than forty pounds. The Derby is known as “The Run for the Roses” because of the rose garland. The tradition started when E. Berry Wall presented roses to ladies at a post-derby party. The trophy is made up of fourteen karat gold and stands on a jade base. It is twenty two inches and weighs three and a half pounds. The Governor of Kentucky awards the garland and the Kentucky Derby trophy. The spectators bet millions of dollars every year. A set record was 194.3 million dollars in
Product Differentiation: Apple has been able to differentiate its products by offering innovative products that is almost perfect. “ Apple has developed some of the world’s most daring technology”. The company has been able to provide unique products that is way ahead the curve compared to its competitors’. Apple has successfully increased the demand of its products through product differentiation, the uniqueness of its products has always drawn the attention of consumers. By focusing on a particular set of consumers who are willing to pay more has enhanced the company’s premium pricing strategy which is also a stands to be a differentiator. Product design is a major factor that has enhanced all Apple’s products to be different, when the company introduced its iPod, iPhone and iPad no other similar product could match up with the features of these
In 1896 the scientist Beatson reported that the removal of the ovaries resulted in the reduction of breast cancer tumours (Russo and Irma 1998). Breast cancer is a malignant, metastasizing cancer of the mammary gland. It is the leading cause of death in woman between the ages of 35 - 45. Breast cancer can also occur in males, although less frequent, around 400 men die each year from breast cancer in the united states. (Martini, F., 2004). Studies on rats have shown considerable evidence that rat oestrogens are mammary carcinogens. Oestrogens have shown to stimulate the hormone prolactin. Through studies involving the use of antioestrogens, for example, tamoxifen, "Tamoxifen alone or in combination with the retina all trans-N-(4 hydroxyphenyl)-retinamide (4-HPR) reduces the incidence of NMU-induced mammary tumours in Sprague-Dawley rats." (Jane M. Ussher Ph.D. 1996). This suggests that Oestrogens and Prolactin's can have the effect of the development of breast cancer since the pathogenesis of spontaneous breast cancer in humans is similar to that of chemical-induced rodent mammary cancer. (Jane M. Ussher
Louise found she felt the same way as Thelma, she wanted to improve her career situation; she discovered that she found her current situation very disappointing as she studied for years but ended up working in a job that she receives no pleasure from and works “hideous” hours. Louise was attracted to the idea of having more time just like Thelma and how she can be financially stable whilst looking for another career in the
According to Miller (2016), prejudices based on race and gender do not always simply create disadvantages for women. For instance, stereotypes about black women leaders can play a major role in hurting and helping these women. Miller continues to point out that when a woman exhibits a conventionally masculine behavior she is viewed undesirably. Additionally, an assertive female leader she is normally disliked while an assertive male leader is normally respect. In regards to the concept of intersectionality, working-class African American women, unlike white women are positioned in a place where they are often stereotyped as being confident, assertive, and confident. As a result, these traits are not only expected for these women but also permissible in leadership
Individuals are constantly searching for a way to create the perfect life they dream. Motivation gives them the drive and desire to obtain specifically what they are in need of. In the short stories The Painted Door, by Sinclair Ross, and A Pair of Silk Stockings by Kate Chopin, the idea that motivations alter the way humans process and interpret information is developed. Ross demonstrates this by using Ann to question her choices during the experiences she faces. Chopin, on the other hand, explores how individuals initiative's alter our behavior. Motivations that individuals experience affect one’s course of action because of their desire to fill what is missing inside them, regardless
One of the many opportunities we have in the United States today is access to an education. I believe that being educated by teachers is very important. There are many benefits for pursuing a college degree. A few valuable advantages of higher education are African-Americans (and other minorities), like me, are able to be educated, job security, and a great salary. When I was growing up, my mom always let my siblings and I know the importance of education. For example, if I did not know the meaning of a word, my mom would say, “Look it up in the dictionary.” This taught me to read and research information instead of asking my mom for the answer. Every summer my brother, sister and I always participated in the Children’s Summer Reading Program at the Kalamazoo Public Library. My mom
“Apple designs Macs, the best personal computers in the world, along with OS X, iLife, iWork and professional software. Apple leads the digital music revolution with its iPods and iTunes online store. Apple has reinvented the mobile phone with its revolutionary iPhone and App Store, and is defining the future of mobile media and computing devices with iPad.”
Apple sustains the process from the time at which investments in productive capabilities are made until the innovative products come onto the market.
In the releasing of our new product we will need to exercise precise and careful observation of all incoming feedback channels. We will need to respond responsibly to any negative responses or defects that may occur. We plan on taking the information we receive and use it to improve our current and future products. We will need to also observe and actively participate in our factories supply chain management activities and operations. By instituting the correct decisions and observation methods regarding our evaluation and control of our new Mac computer and manufacturing factories we feel that Apple will be able to reach new heights.
Research has shown that motivation in an employee is an important factor which determines his performance. Motivation is the “driving force within individuals” (Mullins, 2007, p. 285). It is the concerned with finding out the reasons which shape and direct the behaviour of the individuals. The people act to achieve something so that they can satisfy some needs (Gitman and Daniel, 2008). It is important for the manager to understand this motivation of individual employees in order to inspire them and devise an appropriate set of incentives and rewards which would satisfy the needs that they have individually (Kerr, 2003). Once these needs are expected to be met in return for some specific behaviour or action, they would work more diligently to have that behaviour in them and to achieve that objective (Meyer and Hersovitch, 2001). Since it would lead to early and fuller achievement of the company objectives as the individual would work more diligently, it would lead to better organizational performance (Wiley, 1997).
Apple benefits from excellent brand recognition and a stellar reputation. Apple’s reputation attracts new customers and its performance retains existing customers, making its brand a valuable strength. Also, Apple profits from being a vertically integrated company, which allows it to control many elements in relation to its products, like the processor, hardware and software designs, operating system, and cloud services. It ensures that customers stay within their brand for all their technological
Technology is rapidly advancing and progressing! Computers have developed well beyond their beginning. Along with the computers come the developers and different companies who compete to have the best products and most useful software! These companies have different names and their products have different features and capabilities. Apple is one of the most popular electronic device producers today. They earned their credibility by developing some of the best devices with very reliable and useful software. According to Forbes Magazine on August 21st, 2012 Apple made history by becoming the most valuable company in history, beating out the previous champs Microsoft. They first started with the Macintosh computer which ran on Mac OS. The Macintosh computer was so popular because of the graphical user interface or GUI. The GUI is the part of the computer that people, or users, actually see. Over time the Macintosh evolved into the Mac running on OS X. Along with Apple’s evolving is the progressing of their mobile devices. They made their debut in 2007 releasing the iPhone which was the only touchscreen smartphone on the market. The iPhone ran on iOS which has developed over time, for example: iOS 3, iOS 4, iOS 4.1 etc. This operating system was designed for their different mobile devices. Apple specifically designed this system so that it is easy to use and compatible the devices. Their easy-to-use mobile systems began with four iOS layers. The thing that really makes Apple’s devices the best are the operating systems which support them.
What is the reason behind certain behavior of an individual? What initiates an individual to do something either that is good or bad? How do people succeed in reaching goal? These questions certainly deal with motivation as motivation provides base for a person’s action, desires and needs. Motivation encourages us to move towards certain goals that may be due to rewards, incentives, and or driving forces. It is a presumed internal or external force that energizes or encourages certain actions. For instance, a baby eats a whole glass of milk after the mother promises to provide a candy bar afterwards. Thus, motivation is an activating action that stimulates people to do something. In general motivation is the process of starting, directing and
Motivation is the force that transforms and uplifts people to be productive and perform in their jobs. Maximizing employee’s motivation is a necessary and vital to successfully accomplish the organization’s targets and objectives. However, this is a considerable challenge to any organizations managers, due to the complexity of motivation and the fact that, there is no ready made solution or an answer to what motivates people to work well (Mullins,2002).