QUESTION 1. Appraise the role and limitations of the use of the military in countering terrorism.
Militaries in traditionally sense were structured, trained and professionally charged with defending nation states against threats generated by adversarial nation states. For military to succeed in their primary responsibilities they needed to master strategic art, modernize their equipment, update intelligence and technology alongside the capabilities to sustain. As the threat structures evolved into non state actors with violence and terrorism becoming the order of business, much of the advantages that traditional state militaries held were irrelevant. The culture and posture required to fight 4th generation warfare i.e., counterinsurgency
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Diplomacy may be classified into three levels according to players as follows:
Track 1 diplomacy: Official discussions typically involving high-level political and military leaders and focusing on cease-fires, peace talks, and treaties and other agreements.
Track 2 diplomacy: Unofficial dialogue and problem-solving activities aimed at building relationships and encouraging new thinking that can inform the official process. In this level activities typically involve influential academic, religious, and NGO leaders and other civil society actors who can interact more freely than high-ranking officials.
Track 3 diplomacy: People-to-people diplomacy undertaken by individuals and private groups to encourage interaction and understanding between hostile communities and involving awareness raising and empowerment within these communities. Normally focused at the grassroots level, this type of diplomacy often involves organizing meetings and conferences, generating media exposure, and political and legal advocacy for marginalized people and
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(Burton 2011, 3). This is an examples of were diplomacy may fail to produce desired results especially when one of the two parties involved in diplomacy supports terrorism (Burton 2011, 1). For diplomacy to work you need trusted partnerships.
Divergent views and interests may also give unsatisfactory results in diplomacy a case in point is the Syrian problem where various players some on Ct others on COIN are each pursuing their agenda according to their nation interest which is not common. Another, challenge are the divergent interests among the nations. As part of the diplomatic offensive US and her NATO allies wanted Syrian president Bashar Assad ousted while, Russia, Iran and China they want him to remain in power and instead combat rebels. In addition, the invasion of Iraq provides an example of how national interests of one nation can threaten the interests of its allies on one hand and on the other hand how policies in one arena can affect cooperation in another case UN and NATO (McGill 2012,
The text describes peacemaking circles as, a process that is used to resolve problems, build better relationships, or just flat out prevent these matters from occurring (Bazemore & Schiff, 2000, p. 219). Circles can be further explained as a process concerned with ...
The final liaison allows Kissinger to offer principles that should guide the handling of the crisis. His suggestions are aimed at producing an amenable outcome for all parties involved. Kissinger calls this “balanced dissatisfaction” that could slow the momentum moving everyone toward confrontation, an outcome he does not desire at all.
On the international scene, diplomacy is employed between nations as a means of negotiating on issues regarding trade, environment, culture, peacemaking among others for the mutual benefit the parties/nations involved. Personal diplomacy is premised on the idea of engaging face-to-face or having one on one discussions with partners in a non-threatening environment with an aim to persuade someone and seek common ground on issues.
Current military leadership should comprehend the nature of war in which they are engaged within a given political frame in order to develop plans that are coherent with the desired political end state. According to Clausewitz, war is an act of politics that forces an enemy to comply with certain conditions or to destroy him through the use of violence. A nation determines its vital interests, which drives national strategy to obtain or protect those interests. A country achieves those goals though the execution of one of the four elements of power, which are diplomatic, informational, military and economical means. The use of military force...
Consequently, it is not possible at the moment to state that one means of settling boundaries is best suited for all the different political situations. It is still possible that whereas negotiations could only ever work when states have close enough diplomatic ties because no mutual or unilateral concession can be made outside of a legal context without mutual trust.
...ous situations, possibly because these studies have attributed motive and action to the states rather than to the decision-makers within them. Thus, foreign relations and policies can truly be strengthened when people can view and truly appreciate international issue in many different perspectives, such as realist, idealist, liberalist, constructivism, feminist, world economic system analysis, etc. When people are able to see issues and solutions to problems in many different ways world peace might be reachable.
Terrorism will happen again regardless of how prepared the U.S. thinks it may be. This means that it is the country’s job to ensure that there is a continuation of measures that should be taken to fight against terrorism. Others believe that the U.S. is fully prepared for another terrorist attack and that enough has been done. The question at hand is, should the U.S. still be concerned about terrorism. The United States needs to be concerned about terrorism to prevent tragedies like 9/11 from happening again, to address problems with domestic terrorism, and to improve homeland security.
Mingst, K. (2011). Essentials of international relations. (5th ed., p. 70). New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company.
The coordinated attack September 11th 2001 on the United States resulted in a prolonged war on terror; that is still active today. Many people are asking how this could happen. Others want to know how to prevent it from happing again. Some wonder if world peace will ever be possible. The United States does not think peace can be possible until the threat of terrorism becomes obsolete. There is no clear answer to the questions and concerns over terrorism although there are several schools of thought on how to respond to terrorism. This paper will discuss; realism, liberalism, and structuralism in an attempt to find a solution. I will offer Foreign Policy recommendations based on these theories; an examination regarding the application of these theories will show advantages and disadvantages of each, as well as how the United States applies them to combat and eliminate the threats of terrorism today.
The use of diplomatic relations is a key contributor to the overall success of a nation. Diplomatic relations refers to, “the customary diplomatic intercourse between nations. It involves permanent contact and communication between
Although the military diplomacy already used by many states especially the powerful and developing countries, still there are many weaknesses that need to be improved. Many states still feel unsecure to implement the military diplomacy in their external affairs. All states must give cooperation to find the solution of the problems in order to ensure the world with peace and
Diplomats are the Official representatives of a state in the territory of another. Their duty is to assist and protect the citizens of their respective countries, and to facilitate trade and friendship with the state they are assigned to.
In 1927, the first transatlantic call was made, this proved to be a major leap in international relations. No longer was mail the only way to communicate across continents. The implementation of the Moscow-Washington hotline is a perfect example on how international relations improve through the use of this type of communication. The so called “Red Phone” helped to avoid nuclear disaster according to; (Nashua Telegraph.com, 2011).
The US Army Field Manual defines counter-terrorism as “Operations that include the offensive measures taken to prevent, deter, preempt, and respond to terrorism” (Rineheart, 2010). Another common definition of counter-terrorism is the practices, tactics, techniques, and strategies that governments, militaries, police de...
Diplomacy is mostly carried out in secret, even though the outcome is usually made public. “The purpose of diplomacy is to strengthen the state, nation or organization it serves in relation to others by advancing the interest in its charge. To this end, diplomatic activity endeavors to maximize a group’s advantage without the risk and expense of using force and preferably without causing resentment it habitually but not invariably strives to preserve peace; diplomacy is strongly inclined toward negotiation to achieve agreements and resolve issues between states.” (Britannica). During the creation of the United Nations, diplomacy was very important. Representatives of countries had to be very discerning, in order to further the concerns of their various countries, these representatives had to know exactly what they needed to gain and not back down. Diplomacy is prevention, which is the first line of defense. Alongside the absence of Cold war threat, diplomatic damages have decreased.Al...