FINAL REPORT
According to my research plan, my research topic is on migration and brain drain (with a case study on African students in Sweden). I will start by defining migration which is the area I am going to be researching on. According to Castle and Miller (2008), Migration is the process or means by which people move from one geographical location to another geographical location (Castle and Miller, 2009). However, migration plays a key role in the development of both developed and developing countries.
I will go further to state that Migration of people is not a new phenomenon, as people have always migrated from one country to another for various reasons. However, these movements may have certain enormous effect on the African continent, and it might also as well have a negative impact on the current development process that the region is undergoing (ILO, 2009). Apart from economic and war driven migrants (refugees); there is also another group of migrants (students) which are from different parts of Africa in search for better education abroad. The migration of Africans into Europe and America can be traced back to the 1960s, when large number of Africans migrated, engaging in an unprecedented expansion of access to education across Europe and America (Adepoju, 2004).
The increasing movement of people from Africa to other parts of the world has been credited to the advent of globalization by many researchers. Africa in general has experienced mass migration of people into other parts of the world due to various reasons. A number of these African migrants include students that are in search of education outside their country of origin; and my research intends to focus on this group of people. Students lea...
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... their studies, or remain in Sweden and try to start a new life. The push factor plays a big role in this process of decision making; and this is because many African students that are leaving politically unstable countries or low economic countries, are often captured by the opportunities that they hope to achieve here in Sweden, rather than returning to Africa were the hope of having such opportunities are often very low. Furthermore, The push factor can also be considered as playing a larger role on why these students have decided to leave their country in exchange for a life in Sweden because many of them actually did not know much about Sweden before coming; but they just had the notion that the life in Europe would be far-more better than the one they had back in Africa, and the opportunities they stand to gain here is Sweden would be more than that in Africa.
During 1910-1970 the great migration was taking place, which was the movement of southern African American’s to the north/northern cities. The great migration was an event that seemed as if it was unstoppable and that it was going to happen. In the South African American’s faced racial discrimination, sharecropping, bad working conditions, low wages, racial segregation and political detriments. This is all supported by documents 1-4. The great migration was an event which helped improve the conditions for African Americans in America.
Migration is the spread of human beings from one location to another in hopes of staying there permanently. North America is a product of Migration being that the entire population once migrated here from other countries or continents. With this being said, all of the humans walking on North American soil has ancestors from another place on earth. Push and pull factors are the two different reasons for motivating a person(s) relocation, which is what drove many people to North America. Push factors are are the motivation to move people away from a location and pull factors are those that attract them to the new location. Globalization is a process that involves the mixing of people, corporations and governments of separate nations. Globalization is directly connected to migration because it is actually the beginning of the mixture of culture and religions many years ago.
Simmons, A., Diaz Briquets, S., & Laquian, A. A. (1977). Social change and internal migration. A review of research findings from Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
This essay will define and explain the term migration and then discuss and examine emigration and circulation as well as arrivals. Further its going present some qualitative and quantitative evidence from the book “Understanding Social Lives” and the online module strands to support the claim.
Cohen, Jeffrey H, and Sirkeci Ibrahim. Cultures of Migration the Global Nature of Contemporary Mobility. Austin Texas: University of Texas Press, 2011.Print
Immigration has been a topic that has caused multiple discussions on why people migrate from one country to another, also how it affects both the migraters and the lands they go. Immigration is the movement from one location to another to live there permanently. This topic has been usually been associated with sociology to better explain how it affects people, cultures and societies. Sociology has three forms of thinking that are used to describe and analyze this topic. There are three forms of thinking that are used to tell and describe immigration to society; structural functionalist, symbolic interactionist, and conflict theory. Each of these theories uses different forms of thinking and rationality to describe and explain socio topics.
Brain drain is the phenomena in which highly skilled individuals migrate from developing countries to developed countries to pursue a more unique lifestyle. However, their exodus put their country at a major disadvantage, contributing to the retardation of their country when they deprive it from its most unique natural resources. In other words the educated and talented people become scarce. The negative consequences of brain drain on Africa requires a great deal of attention or otherwise as Dr. Lalla Ben Barka (Deputy Executive-Secretary in the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa) (ECA) says: “African governments have a great responsibility to ensure that brains remain in the continent; otherwise, in 25 years’ time, Africa will be empty of brains”. (A-RA)
“Migration uproots people from their families and their communities and from their conventional ways of understanding the world. They enter a new terrain filled with new people, new images, new lifeways, and new experiences. They return … and act as agents of change.” (Grimes 1998: 66)
In addition to spending more on the actual education and university fees, the international students also have to spend on boarding and food. Finding a place to stay that is conveniently near to the university and other places of interaction, is affordable, accepts immigrants, and suits the basic requirements - is hard, sometimes impossible. A compromise on at least one criterion of the above is required to sustain in the new country.
The aim of the article is to find out the impact colonizer’s policies really made on education of Ghana and Togo after the two countries gained independent from their colonial masters. The research questions the article attempted to answer are: The article answered the following research questions: a. What factors accounted for the difference in school enrollment between the two countries. b. What role does missionary work played in education on Ghana and Togo? c. What are the roles of the national institutions on comparative subnational development in Africa? d. Why did the Europeans build institutions in Africa? e. Why we used the Europeans methods in drawing Africa borders in the 19th century? f. Can the methods designed by the Europeans
Nowadays governments, NGOs and other organizations try to limit the migration, but it isn’t possible as successfully as it is expected, because the main causes of migration are rooted in the society and it is hard to uproot them. The main migration aims can be divided into two aspects- economic and social aspects. Economic aspect includes mainly problems with money and desire for better job and salary. Migration to achieve better job and salary is only chance for women to gain poverty, because then they can be economically independent from their husbands and families. For men it is easier to get better job whit better salary and better working conditions. Unfortunately for women it isn’t so easy. Mostly they get works that is connected with entertainment, manufacturing, social works or education. But not always the conditions are good. The job could be illegal, irregular, with lower incomes and with poor working conditions. But ...
I used to live in Jordan. A country struggling with its limited resources. A country in the middle of all of the Middle Eastern disputes. Where the streets are full of rubble and garbage and people are struggling to make ends meet to support their families. Many students in the Middle East feel like the education there does not meet up to their standards. Therefore, they often go overseas to gain an education that is much richer and profound.
There is no doubt that European colonialism has left a grave impact on Africa. Many of Africa’s current and recent issues can trace their roots back to the poor decisions made during the European colonial era. Some good has resulted however, like modern medicine, education, and infrastructure. Africa’s history and culture have also been transformed. It will take many years for the scars left by colonization to fade, but some things may never truly disappear. The fate of the continent may be unclear, but its past provides us with information on why the present is the way it is.
whereas skilled laborers move relatively unhindered, those who do not belong to this elite category have limited access to migration opportunities, at least within existing legal frameworks, policies and practices, especially in South Africa. This is therefore an urgent for a re-examination of currently migration policies in Africa, especially with regards to how human rights of migrants and asylum seekers are perceived. Globalization has increased the mobility of capital, information, and goods, thus facilitating the non-liberalization of human mobility. Violent armed conflict in much of Africa has had its own share of increasing human mobility of those fleeing persecution.
Migration from one area to another in search of a better livelihood has always been a key feature in human lives. It serves as an outlet for better earnings, job opportunities and reduced income risks. When certain sectors or regions fall short of their potential to support the residents, people tend to migrate to get a hold of better opportunities away from the place of origin. Migration has become a universal phenomenon. Due to the industrialisation, there has been an expansion in transportation and communication hence widening the gap between rural and urban areas, including a shift of labour force towards more urbanised areas.