Call Me You Claudia Rankine’s Citizen is the blood flowing out from a bleeding, injured America. Only a tragic symptom of a larger trauma, one can trace this blood and book back to the greater issue: the deep gash of racism. Overt and obnoxious, the gash screams for attention; it is large and apparent and seen by all. It exists in the public space, displayed for any to see, undeniable and visible and rambunctious. But Rankine’s Citizen is not that gash. It is none of these things, yet calls attention to the existence of the gash through its depiction of the myriad microaggressions that plague race relations in America. Claiming instead the private, personal space as its territory, microaggressions describe the various ways in which racism …show more content…
In Citizen, Rankine uses the enigmatic, cold “you” as a device to throw onto the reader a simulated identity of any who has suffered, will suffer, or may suffer from microaggressions, as well as a reflection of the ineffable, contrasting, and distantly personal nature of those …show more content…
The very nature of microaggressions, how it feeds and dwells in the personal rather than public space, reinforces both the power and weakness of “you”. In fact, because of this, microaggressions can seemingly only manifest when there is a “you”. Microaggressions need a “you” because the personal space that the “you” offers is where they thrive. This lends power to Rankine’s usage of “you”, since with each and every invocation of “you” comes the invocation of microaggressions, and also reveals the weakness of the “you” space in that it allows these microaggressions to be. Examples pervade throughout the entirety of the text of Citizen, most vignettes are set exclusively in the personal and private space. The aforementioned passage in the previous paragraph describes someone dozing off to sleep before recollections of a microaggression in Catholic school invade her thoughts. This demonstrates how, even in the deeply personal setting of someone heading off to bed, microaggressions infiltrate and attack that personal space. Similar moments run throughout the text; in another passage, Rankine writes: “You are in the dark, in the car, watching the black-tarred street being swallowed by speed; he tells you his dean is making him hire a person of color when there are so many great writers out there” (10). Again, Rankine invokes the “you” and all the baggage
This allowed readers to experience horrible acts of white people and to empathize with the innocent victims. However, Rankine criticizes the people of the United States for their attitudes and behaviors towards African-Americans. Particularly, the author claimed that “as citizens, we are all involved in society’s indignities and injustices, whether as perpetrator or bystander consciously or unthinkingly” (Evaristo 1). Thus, the book challenges people’s perceptions and beliefs, compelling them to reevaluate their actions. The readers begin to understand that their tolerance of violence and lack of actions to prevent racism contributes to injustices in the United States. Rankine even implied that “freedom of expression, something which the accumulative stresses of racial violence would seem to attempt to limit” blocks and alters “his or her experience of citizenship” (Day 3). Therefore, the citizens need to get involved in supporting and protecting African-Americans’ lives, who are loyal residents of the nation as
In Claudia Rankine’s 2014 book, Citizen: An American Lyric, she promotes the idea of a “post-race” society, captivating the reader into a position of self-reflection. The lyricism of her prose explores the definition of the titular ‘citizen’, thereby encouraging and promoting change. Her incentive is not to change the minds of readers, only broaden scope of the world they already have, honing on the undeniable reality of the world. She invites her reader to emotions of grief and outrage, which leads the reader toward self-awareness. Citizen seeks to inspire her audience through the presentation of identity politics in the modern-day. It is a work premised on self-awareness to unconscious thoughts and actions. Her use of the second person,
What defines an individual’s racial characteristics? Does an individual have the right to discriminate against those that are “different” in a specific way? In Octavia Butler’s works, which are mostly based on themes that correlate to one another, she influences the genre and fiction in ways that bring light to the problems of societies history. Through Kindred and the Parable of the Sower, Octavia Butler examines themes of community, racial identification, and racial oppression through the perspective of a black feminist. In each novel, values and historical perspective show the hardships that individuals unique to an alien world have to face. Through the use of fictional works, Butler is able to delve into historical themes and human conditions, and with majority of works under the category of science fiction, Butler is able to explore these themes through a variety of settings. This essay will discuss two of Butler’s popular works, Kindred and the Parable of Sower, and will interpret the themes of women, race, independence, and power throughout the two novels.
They argue that the accruing of property by figures such as Johnson meant that they literally did not think of themselves as living within a racist society, and that, despite the decline of this freedom, it is a mistake to consider their opinions as an “aberration” in a narrative of inevitable racial exploitation (Breen & Innes, 112). Rather, they claim that to understand such people as such an aberration inevitably leads to a situation in which the real equality of their freedom is
New worldly conflicts arise everyday and many of these conflicts make us question our morals as individuals and as a nation. In both “Flight Patterns” and “The Help: A Feel-Good Movie That Feels Kind of Icky” we are introduced into the conflicts that race bring about in everyday life. It is indisputable that race is hard to talk about and everyone seems to have a different stance on what is racism and what is not. In both stories, race is brought up and talked about in a way that is solely bringing truth to the issue. In Sherman Alexie’s story we see the thought process about race from someone who is not white, and in Dana Stevens’ story we see how a white woman sees controversy in a film that is supposed to be about black women. Both stories
Microaggressions are committed constantly, among numerous people without them realizing it. I must say I am completely guilty of also playing part in this act. These acts are done constantly and no one understands the affects it has on people. Miller and Garran (2008) states, “Racial microaggressions are similar to aversive racism. They are “subtle, stunning, often automatic,” verbal and nonverbal putdowns and social assaults that wound people of color unbeknownst to the perpetrator” (p.97). This is what produces pain and anger inside countless of people. Many individuals need professional help in order to surpass the neglect they have been summited to.
According to Dei & Caliste (2000), this form of modern racism is based, among others, on conditions that are socially created which maintain and reinforce such environment. A critical understanding of the structural patterns, the identity of the dominant group, and their social location necessitates that these practices be identified. Second, being aware of the invisibility of whiteness can dismantle the system of oppression (Yee, 2005, p. 90). Recognition is not enough since social service workers collude with the status quo. Despite recognizing its existence, they have failed to see themselves as implicated in the same structure that oppresses them. Third, when systematic oppression and the clandestine identity of the whites have been concretized, discussion can be directed from a common generalization of the whites to a more contemporary understanding of the patterns of racism (ibid, p. 91). There must be a conscious exposure of the dominant group’s action as inviolable and natural; any analysis must reveal what identity and culture operate to further commit this systemic form of oppression and racism in the practice. Lastly and importantly, an effective and meaningful solution to the problem necessitates an understanding of whiteness and oppression (ibid, p. 95). Else, it will be more of conflict of rhetoric rather than, as what Dei & Caliste (2000) implied, an analysis of racial relations within broader sociological
Microaggressions are everyday verbal, visual, or environmental hostilities, slights, insults, and invalidations or mistreatment that occur due to an individual’s race/ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, etc. i.e. a citizen of the citizen. The concept of racial microaggressions has been around since the 1970s, but much of the current research is rooted in the work of two professors, Jack Dovidio, Ph.D. (Yale University) and Samuel Gaertner, Ph.D. (University of Delaware), and their explanations of aversive racism. Their research has its foundation in the idea that many well-intentioned Whites consciously believe in and profess equality, but unconsciously act in a racist manner, particularly in ambiguous situations (CITE). In keeping with that foundation, racial microaggressions can be defined as the brief and everyday slights, insults, indignities and denigrating messages sent to people of color by well-intentioned White people who are unaware of the hidden messages being communicated (CITE).
In “Queens, 1963”, the speaker narrates to her audience her observations that she has collected from living in her neighborhood located in Queens, New York in the midst of the Civil Rights Movement. The narrator is a thirteen-year-old female immigrant who moved from the Dominican Republic to America with her family. As she reflects on her past year of living in America, she reveals a superb understanding of the reasons why the people in her neighborhood act the way they do towards other neighbors. In “Queens, 1963” by Julia Alvarez, the poet utilizes diction, figurative language, and irony to effectively display to the readers that segregation is a strong part of the American melting pot.
Society shows prejudice towards black people through their tainted prejudgment, which is seen when the two girls run away from Cole. In addition, society treats black people with discrimination by isolating them from society by denying them entrance to bars and carding. Finally, police officers demonstrate injustice towards black people by treating them harsher than regular citizens, which are seen through constant surveillance in their communities and when Cole and his friends were illegally searched. Ultimately, “The Skin I’m In” shows the magnitude of racism in modern-day Canada. It is society’s mission to ensure that the tragedies of racism are found only in history—nevermore in
In Audre Lorde’s bildungsroman essay “The Fourth of July” (1997), she recalls her family’s trip to the nation’s capital that represented the end of her childhood ignorance by being exposed to the harsh reality of racialization in the mid 1900s. Lorde explains that her parents are to blame for shaping her skewed perception of America by shamefully dismissing frequent acts of racism. Utilizing copious examples of her family being negatively affected by racism, Lorde expresses her anger towards her parents’ refusal to address the blatant, humiliating acts of discrimination in order to emphasize her confusion as to why objecting to racism is a taboo. Lorde’s use of a transformational tone of excitement to anger, and dramatic irony allows those
By coming into the country, other races are denied of superiority and are exposed to an already “racialized society”. (pp.78) Oppression also comes into place with hierarchy, such as the “Bonds of Sisterhood” by Romero that portrays a difference between African American servants and housewives. It sets up an inequality between both women, showing inferiority over African American woman. One last reading that has emerged and captivated attention is Just Mercy by Bryan Stevenson. Stevenson expresses oppression in one of his own narratives when he was discriminated by two S.W.A.T officers. He describes his experience terrifying yet shocking since he had done nothing wrong. He was accused of a burglary based on the color of his skin because he lived in a white neighborhood. Not only that, but he was also investigated and searched which violated his rights. This unlawful act portrayed the ignorances for complex, multiple, and cross cutting relationships because Stevenson was an educated lawyer; yet, was seen different by the two officers in his own residence. Overall, Stevenson’s book has captured attention since it has given an experience of what he went
Internal conflict caused by culture is a concept that Edward Hall explores in his book “Beyond Culture”. In this examination of intercultural interactions, Hall argues that people are born into the cultural prison of one’s primary culture. He then goes on to claim that from people can only be free of this prison and experiencing being lost in another (Hall). For Coates, this cultural prison is the permeating fear resulting from the blackness of his body. His internal conflict is therefore created when seeing the world of white, suburban culture. Because this world of pot-roasts and ice cream Sundays seems impossibly distant from the world of fear for his black body, Coates comes to feel the contrast of cultures. He tells his son, “I knew my portion of the American galaxy, where bodies were enslaved by tenacious gravity, was black and that the other, liberated portion was not” (21). As a result of the shocking divide, Coates comprehends the burden of his race. Coates therefore feels “a cosmic injustice, a profound cruelty, which infused an biding, irrepressible desire to unshackle my body and achieve the velocity of escape (21). The quality of life between the culture belonging to Coates’s skin in contrast to the culture of suburban America creates for Coates a sense of otherness between himself and the rest of the world. Disillusioned, Coates avidly pursues answers to this divide. Coates thereby embarks on a quest to satiate this internal conflict of cultures, beginning his journey towards
Microaggression is defined as a comment or action that subtly and often unconsciously or unintentionally express an attitude toward a member of a marginalized group, such as Asian Americans, African Americans. Before completing this assignment, I was unaware of the term microaggression. As I contemplate on my microaggression, a variety of comments came to mind that made me feel less than. For my in-class presentation, my microaggression reads “So your name is Betty! Is that short for Elizabeth?”. While this microaggression does not pertain to a special marginalized group, it pertains to me a member of a minority group. Growing up in a society that considers you less than based simply on the color of your skin, one can imagine how a simple sentence or question can have a mental and physical impact on the body.
Racism is the mistreatment of a group of people on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, place of origin, or ancestry. The term racism may also denote a blind and unreasoning hatred, envy, or prejudice (Dimensions of Racism). Racism has had a strong effect on society. Despite the many efforts made to alleviate racism, what is the future of African Americans' Racism's long history, important leaders, current status, and future outlook will be the main factors in determining how to combat racism. Racism is still present in many societies, although many people are doing their best to put an end to racism and its somewhat tragic ordeals.