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Short essay on mughal empire and its rulers
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Both Mughal India and Early Modern Japan were ruled by effective leaders, although they had very different ruling techniques. Both countries leaders successfully ended years of conflict within the countries. Babur of India and Tokugawa of Japan were both incredible war heroes who used their victories to gain power. While both countries were improved by their rulers, the people in power of these two countries ruled in completely different ways. Akbar, ruler of Mughal, was very relaxed when it came to ruling the people of India, while Tokugawa of Japan chose to rule with an iron fist. Akbar was very lax when it came to the religions of his people, yet Tokugawa was intolerant of other’s beliefs and did not believe in freedom of religion. Akbar …show more content…
Around 1500, Babur rose into military power and began capturing powerful cities within India. Babur first captured Kabul, which he made his capital, then went on to attack the Muslim and Hindu leaders of northern India. After numerous victories, Babur went on to seize Delhi and began the Mughal dynasty in 1526. This conquering of India eventually reunited South Asia after thousands of years of war. After Babur’s death, the Mughal dynasty was almost driven from power, but a new, powerful leader emerged. Akbar, Babur’s grandson, came into power around 1556 and managed to keep the Mughal dynasty in power. Around 1600, Japan had been caught up in a civil war for the last hundred years. However, Tokugawa, one of Japan’s greatest warlords, came into power and reunited the country. After his victory, he followed tradition and decided to leave the emperor in charge, but deemed himself shogun. During this period, the emperor was merely a façade for the people, and the shoguns were the ones who held all the power. Tokugawa created his own dynasty in which Edo was the …show more content…
Indian rulers used to collect a tax called karmi, which took money from Hindu pilgrims traveling to the holy shrines. Akbar thought this tax was unnecessary and abolished it; he believed this tax was an obstacle between the people and God. Akbar also remitted the jizya, a poll tax on Non-Muslims because no one should be persecuted for their religious beliefs. Akbar proved his tolerance of other religions when Padre Farmaliun, a Roman Catholic priest, visited the Imperial court. Upon his arrival the priest was greeted with open arms and welcomed with much distinction. Padre Farmaliun was a man of learning and eloquence; Akbar revered him so much he placed a few young men under him for
Emperor Justinian I and Genghis Khan were both fascinating men who led huge empires with great success. A political aspect is that both were successful in extending their empires by gaining territory through conquests and military campaigns. They were different in many ways as well. A social aspect is that Genghis Khan allowed for his people to practice any religion, while Emperor Justinian was not tolerant to different religions and persecuted anyone who was not an Eastern Orthodox Christian. A cultural aspect is that both Genghis Khan and Emperor Justinian I both supported and valued art in their respective empires. They promoted art in their architecture, construction projects and building programs. Emperor Justinian I and Genghis Khan
The establishment of the Japanese archipelago assumed its present shape around 10,000 years ago. Soon after the era known as the Jomon period began and continued for about 8,000 years. Gradually they formed small communities and began to organize their lives communally. Japan can be said to have taken its first steps to nationhood in the Yamato period, which began at the end of the third century AD. During this period, the ancestors of the present Emperor began to bring a number of small estates under unified rule from their bases around what are now Nara and Osaka Prefectures. At the beginning of the seventeenth century, Tokugawa Ieyasu set up a government in Edo (now Tokyo) and the Edo period began. The Tokugawa regime adopted an isolationist policy that lasted for more than 200 years, cutting off exchange with all countries except China and the Netherlands. The age of the Samurai came to and end with the Meiji Restoration of 1868, and a new system of government centered on the Emperor was set up. The new government promoted modernization, adopted Western political, social and economic systems, and stimulated industrial activity. The Diet was inaugurated, and the people began to enjoy limited participation in politics.
The Mughal empire and Mali Empire were very far apart from each other and they still shared some similarities. They are both very unique. Like today in society you will always find differences and similarities between two different countries. Most things that the empires did in this time period made and effect on today. The way on how the believe is what you see today. Some people will still take the time to pray multiple times to their gods. From the time period 1400-1600 till now, the world has changed very differently yet some things never changed at
Japan lasted from 1185-1603. During that time Japan had emperors, shoguns, daimyos, samurai, and peasants who were all apart of a social class, and all together it was called the Samurai Society. The emperor was just a figurehead for the shogun. The shogun was a powerful military leader that ruled in the emperor’s name. Daimyo were powerful landlords. The daimyo often led armies of samurai. These samurai were trained professional warriors who served daimyo and shoguns. The samurai had to follow a certain code of rules for samurai called Bushido. One of their rules included to always have self-discipline to become a good samurai. The samurai warriors wore light armor, helmets (usually shaped like an animal), and had two swords around their waist. Their armor had a lot of detail and color to it, like their unique helmets. After the samurai comes the peasants, which included farmers and fishermen. They usually always work, then pay takes to the shogun. They usually gave the shogun what they earned from working like food or crops. What made their jobs a bit difficult was their topography. Japan’s topography included many mountains, undersea volcanoes, and barely any flat land to farm on. The Japanese didn’t only work they also practiced their religion. For example, they practiced Confucianism, Buddhism (...
Throughout the 19th century, European Imperialism had a major effect on Africa. As countries expanded in terms of wealth, resources, and innovation, more territory and workers were needed. The first solution to solve these problems was to begin colonizing in Africa. The driving force for imperialism in Europe and Africa was mainly economical. This economical approach was established through many ways including cultural and nationalistic ideas.
After the civil war, United States took a turn that led them to solidify as the world power. From the late 1800s, as the US began to collect power through Cuba, Hawaii, and the Philippines, debate arose among historians about American imperialism and its behavior. Historians such as William A. Williams, Arthur Schlesinger, and Stephen Kinzer provides their own vision and how America ought to be through ideas centered around economics, power, and racial superiority.
There were masses of ethnic and cultural conflicts under Akbar’s reign. Akbar’s strategy was to introduce ethnic groups into nobility. Akbar decreased the religious element of taxation. In 1563 he abolished the tax on Hindu and in 1562 he also removed the jizya (the tax on property imposed on non-Muslims). Ethnic violence was present all around India for ages. India is divided into smaller states ruled by tribal chiefs and Lords. Akbar needed to build a formal relationship with these tribal leaders and even though he knew they are not a threat to the Mughal Dynasty, he needed to defend his empire from the rebels that could rise from these tribal areas. Ethnic groups like the Marathas from central India became major problems for Akbar’s crown descendants. They were rebellious and even conquered a major piece of Mughal Dynasty during the seventeenth century. Akbar tried to unite his empire by making a fair and just system. He did not like to involve in religious matters like his descendants and ancestors did, but he did like to ‘unify’ his Empire under religious, Ethnic and cultural matters. (10)
The Meiji Restoration Period was a political revolution that industrialized and modernized Japan, and is the main event that set Japan’s path to becoming one of the world’s most powerful nations. The Meiji Era was a political period that lasted 44 years under Emperor Mutsuhito, who was not a predecessor to the rulers during Japan’s Edo Period, which occurred 1602-1868. Southern Daimyo lords at the time wanted the Emperor to be more than just a symbol of power and attempted to overthrow the Tokugawa Shogunate , who were the strict rulers before the Meiji Period. A revolution occurred, but with no bloodshed since the Tokugawa Shoguns surrendered their power. They feared for the nation’s future and believed that it was worth more than keeping
The Tokugawa period was a time of peace and prosperity following a harsh period of civil war, as well as the last period of traditional feudal government, society, and culture, in Japan. It was a culturally bright period ruled by shoguns, each a member of the Tokugawa clan, who reigned between 1603 to 1867. Tokugawa Ieyasu became the most powerful man in Japan after Toyotomi Hideyoshi, a general who became very respected after uniting Japan in the previous era, died. Hideyoshi intended for a man named Hideyori to succeed him, but, wanting complete control over Japan, Ieyasu overlooked this intention. At the battle of Sekigahara, Ieyasu destroyed all of Hideyori’s followers, leaving him with no enemies.
The Mughal Empire is known as one of the most influential empires in the world because
The Moguhal Empire was an empire which had many advancements which progressed in the development of India. The Moguhal Empire which is also known as the Mogul Empire had the largest influence over India and Pakistan from the sixteenth to seventeenth century (Richards, 1996) . The introduction of the Moguls to India's subcontinent was led by a man named Babur. Babur learned that India had wealth from his ancestor before him, Timur. Babur invaded India and eliminated the Sultan of power, Ibrahim Shah Lodi in 1526 (1996). This ensured that India's subcontinent belonged to Babur. However, Akbar, Babur's grandson, was the man who truly expanded and brought glory and advanced the Moguhal Empire. Akbar had a policy which generated income to the empire such as initiating high but fair taxes. Akbar also created a new faith which was a blend between Islam and Hinduism , Janisim, and Christianity called Din-I-Ilahi(1996). In accordance to his toleration towards religion, Akbar had little retaliation from the Hindi people because he would often elect high positioning leaders in accordance to excellence rather than religion. This meant Hindi and Muslim people could be elected as high ranking officials. Akbar was also very tolerant religious wise(1996).
The Tokugawa Bakufu, also known as the Edo Bakufu, was the final period of traditional Japan being controlled by military dictatorship. The reason why it was also called the Edo period was because the shogun established Japan’s new capital at Edo. This shogunate was started by a samurai called Tokugawa Ieyasu in 1603 and ended in 1867
... Dirk Collier states in an interview with Times Of India, ‘Akbar faced the same difficulty as the one we are facing in today's world: he ruled over a vast, extremely diverse empire, inhabited by people of countless many creeds, castes and ethnic origins. As a matter of principle, but also for pragmatic, "imperialist" reasons, he wanted them to be united – if not in brotherhood, then at least in mutual respect and harmony.’ (4). Akbar had a loyal following, after the defeat of Rajput rulers, he allied with the Rajput and instead of demanding a high “tribute tax” and leaving them with their territories unsupervised, he integrated them into his empire and formed a centralized government to rule over. This practice brought stability to his empire and his rules and sovereignty was embraced by Non-Muslims and Muslims. He abolished Jizya tax in 1562 but reinstated in 1575.
Before the Mughal Empire really began its expansion into India, things were already unstable with warring princes in the various regions of the country. With the arrival of Babur, the first Mughal Emperor, things continued to remain unstable. Babur ruled in India from 1526 to 1530. During those four years Babur focused on military gains (The Mughal Empire). With the death of the Sultan, and the arrival of Babur’s army and rule, there was a lot of bloodshed. Babur was killed in 1530 and his lasting impact was his entrance into Indian history and culture. After Babur’s death his rule passed onto Babur’s son, Humayun, who was the second Emperor of the Mughal Empire (The Mughal Empire). Humayun ruled from 1530-1556, but for most of his time as Emperor he was not in the country. Overwhelmed and unsure, Humayun fled to Persia (The...
What were the contribution of the Mughal emperor Akbar to the creation of an Indian national Identity? What were the greatest obstacles to his achievement in this?