After Immanuel Kant, there was so much that went on such as the start of the Contemporary theory of science. Before all of this aroused, the big argument was idealism versus materialism. This was big because modernism had made people choose which side between the two concepts. There were a lot of disagreements between the two because a lot of people were still stuck on the concept of materialism. Materialism is the physical appearance of everything , and that everything is made out of atoms and matter instead of just being the physical appearance of the object. At this point in time Materialism was the dominant voice in science. But as time starts to go on more and more people start to turn towards the new concept of idealism, which is basically stating that instead of the physical appearance of an object is actually not made of atoms, and it is just perceived that way in our mind. For example, people who believe in Materialism would say that a cup itself is not just a solid, but it is made up of atoms and electrons. On the other hand, Idealists would say that the cup is just a solid, they wouldn’t mention anything about the atoms or electrons. Along with the disagreement between Idealism and Materialism, there were also many developments that aroused after Immanuel Kant. These developments range from non-Euclidean geometry, to several philosophers working with the quantum theory, to Werner Heisenberg discovering the uncertainty principle.
First, non-Euclidean geometry starts with two geometry methods. These are based off of axioms related to the ones that are sorting the concept of Euclidean geometry. Non-Euclidean geometry arises when either the metric requirement is relaxed, or the parallel postulate is set aside (Non-Euclidi...
... middle of paper ...
...with them being connected in some type of way this made the essay easier for me because I could understand the three developments that I talked about. Because they were somewhat linked together because they were mainly around the same time period. So therefore the concepts that developed from Kant’s “Idealism” idea helped how the world is shaped now and how it has evolved from those time periods. The development that I think was the most important and interesting to me would have to be the non-Euclidean geometry one, mainly because I love math and I just found it very interesting on how they founded the whole development. One reason is because I never heard of the concept. I only have heard of the Euclidean geometry that we do in high school. Another key point would be that the development of non-Euclidean geometry showed a lot of people a whole new way to do math.
According to Roland Shearer (1992) the release of non-Euclidean geometries at the end of the 19th Century copied the announcement of art movements occurring at that time, which included Cubism, Constructivism, Orphism, De Stijl, Futurism, Suprematism and Kinetic art. Most of the artists who were involved in these beginnings of Modern art were directly working with the new ideas from non-Euclidean geometry or were at least exposed to it – artists such as Picasso, Braque, Malevich, Mondrian and Duchamp. To explain human-created geometries (Euclidean, non-Euclidean), it is a representation of human-made objects and technology (Shearer
Truth and idealism can lead individuals onto an enlightened path, however, with questionable ideals an individuals life can be persuaded inaccurately. In the Shakespearean Drama, Macbeth, the main characters experience misguidance from their own mislead ideals, which created significant disorder among themselves and the country of Scotland. Ambition combined with the unrighteous forces of Macbeth and Lady led them predominantly to deadly consequences. Macbeth and his wife are engrossed by the witches prophecies which directed them both to irrational thinking and absurd actions. These actions defined both characters throughout the play and impacted their demise tremendously. The ideals of the powerful couple, along with their overbearing ambition, lead their reality into an unconscionable future and their eventual death.
Geometry, a cornerstone in modern civilization, also had its beginnings in Ancient Greece. Euclid, a mathematician, formed many geometric proofs and theories [Document 5]. He also came to one of the most significant discoveries of math, Pi. This number showed the ratio between the diameter and circumference of a circle.
An example of the difference in the abstract geometry and the measurement geometry is the sum of the measures of the angles of a trigon. The sum of the measures of the angles of a trigon is 180 degrees in Euclidian geometry, less than 180 in hyperbolic, and more than 180 in elliptic geometry. The area of a trigon in hyperbolic geometry is proportional to the excess of its angle sum over 180 degrees. In Euclidean geometry all trigons have an angle sum of 180 without respect to its area. Which means similar trigons with different areas can exist in Euclidean geometry. It is not possible in hyperbolic or elliptic geometry. In two-dimensional geometries, lines that are perpendicular to the same given line are parallel in abstract geometry, are neither parallel nor intersecting in hyperbolic geometry, and intersect at the pole of the given line in elliptic geometry. The appearance of the lines as straight or curved depends on the postulates for the space.
If we take time and observe our surroundings, we see people are more concerned about the amount of Louis Vuttons or Michael Kors bags does one purchase than being aware of the person well being because this world today is all about objects than people. The author of the case of consumer society has presented the modern society in such a way that if we stop and think and look around how are generation today has become, making our world a world of materialism. According to karl marx, our world today is a world of objects as mentioned in the case that we have started given priotity more to our purchases than to people around us for example in a gathering of teens, half of them you will notice will be on their gadgets rather than communicating with the people around. This materialism according to marx is due to the rise of capitalism, where people are easily manipulated into making choices which benefit the economy and most of the time we do not even realize it. The whole concept of Shopping malls we see nowdays is a tool of manipulation, have been made the place of goods, acitivies and leisure for the consumers that they become entangled in the shadows of the capitalists.People nowdays go to shopping malls , hangout and do some window shopping and come back stating that it was an outing rather than having any interaction with other people , we chose to interaction with objects to fulfil our desire. Even the way producrts are arranged are not coincidental but a technique of manipulation for example if the product is arranged in a attractive way, consumers automatically get attracted to it rather then the product which is arranged in a disorganize way.This proves what Marx says that consumers in the capitalist society donot have any so...
The idea of Individualism can be traced all the way back to England before America’s existence. As we know, individualism has been interpreted in many forms throughout history. The 19th century is no different, taking hold of its own idea of individualism, called transcendentalism. Transcendentalism suggests freedom should not be confined to those focused on money and superficial gains. Instead, people should depend on no one but themselves. This movement focused on “greater individualism against conformity” (Corbett et al.). Heavily influenced by the Romantic period, transcendentalism adopted the belief that reason was more important than logic as Benjamin Franklin has believed. Reason must also include unique emotion and spirit (Corbett et
Materialistic versus Non-Materialistic is a dimension that focuses on the hedonism of humans, for it compares the search of happiness through material items to the search of happiness internally, which these two are quite the opposites according to their definitions. Geert Hofstede proposed several other dimensions of culture and how the differed in their regards. Examples of cultures and services will be discussed within the assignment, for these two dimensions cover extreme levels of culture, while the information on these dimensions is robust, and the importance of each dimension will be discussed with the cultures and services.
Kant directly deals with the problems presented in Hume's analysis of metaphysics. Where Hume stops his line of thinking and becomes skeptical as to the existence of metaphysics as a science, Kant picks up. He proceeds to analyze both the validity of metaphysics as a science and a force in our lives. Turning to the methods of other credible men in the scientific field- such as Copernicus- Kant develops a whole new approach to looking at the world. However, like Hume, Kant encounters an obstacle and does not find a solution for it.
“Altruism — the sacrifice of self to others. This tied man irrevocably to other men and left him nothing but a choice of pain: his own pain borne for the sake of others or pain inflicted upon others for the sake of self.” This dramatic definition of altruism, from The Soul of an Individualist by Ayn Rand, provides a backdrop for similar ideologies. Along the same philosophical vein, one can examine the principles of collectivism, a way of life that puts priority on a group instead of a single member. Individualism, on the other hand, is the complete rejection of these two ideas and a way of thinking that stresses living on one’s own terms instead of being dictated to by a group. As shown
When it comes to anthropological theory the combination of several established ways of thought often result in a completely new and independent way of thinking. Cultural Materialism is one of these children theories that resulted from a coming together of social evolutionary theory, cultural ecology and Marxist materialism (Barfield). The goal of cultural materialism is to explain politics, economics, ideology and symbolic aspects of a culture with relation to the needs of that society. From a cultural materialist point of view society is indisputably shaped by the factors of production and reproduction. From this all other facets of society, such as government and religion, must be beneficial to that society’s ability to satisfy the minimum requirements to sustain themselves (Harris 1996). An example of this would be the invention and continued use of industry because it increased the ability to produce needed materials and food. One important aspect of the cultural materialistic approach is that it operates completely from the etic perspective. Marvin Harris, one of the founders of cultural materialism, believed that a holistic approach is vital to correctly analyzing culture and believed that the emic approach failed at providing a wide enough scope. Harris tried to employ the scientific method and incorporated it into his theory. The result of this is that cultural materialism focuses only on events that are observable and quantifiable and replicable (Harris 1979). Cultu...
... be separate in what came to be known as synthetic geometry (geometry without algebra, dealing with proofs, axioms, theorems, and postulates). La Geometrie also had the unfortunate fate of being on the list of forbidden works by the church. This was due to Rene Descartes's meditations, which seemingly liberated Europe from Church thinking and thus went against the Catholic teaching. Descartes was excommunicated by the church, and they condemned all of his works, which would slow the spreading of analytical geometry.
On chapter 4 on the textbook, the author explains, “culture provides a member of a society with a common bond, a sense that we see certain facets of society in similar ways. We are living together at all depends on the fact that members of a society share a certain amount of cultural knowledge (Ch4, 132). Individualism and collectivism contribute greatly to the dimension of culture. For example, how many members of the culture define themselves apart from their group memberships. In individualist cultures, people are expected to develop and display their individual personalities and to choose their own affiliations. In collectivist cultures, people are defined and act mostly as a member of a long-term group, such as the family, a religious group, an age cohort, a town, or a profession, among others. This dimension was found to move towards the individualist end of the spectrum with increasing
One of the most notorious saying we grow up to know and embody is one that concerns are greatest possession, are family. “Family comes first no matter what, because at the end of the day they are the ones who are always there”. To most this is means to do anything possible to provide and protect our loved ones. If thrown into a situation, could you practice what you preach?! Society has guided us to believe that stealing is wrong but when placed in the footsteps, could one think differently. For every situation moral theories is used as to explain rather an action was right or wrong. It is depicted as being wrong in society but society never thinks about the normal people and their life. Society believes stealing bread to feed a starving family is wrong and immoral, as they look at as the concept of stealing, not the bigger picture. Normal people see it as a means of supporting as they are the ones in the footsteps being walked. For this reason stealing bread to feed your starving family is moral.
By the early 1900s Albert Einstein came along and shook up the world by saying the universe is not a mechanical gadget like a lot people who understood Newton were saying. The universe is very different when you consider that small high particles do not behave as predicted when using Newton’s laws. Modern physics were born in the 20th century and Albert Einstein kicked the century with his theory ...
Because all individuals possess different sets of experiences and perspectives, their individual realities, or their interactions with and responses to their surroundings, differ accordingly. While the outside reality that exists independently from human interaction remains consistently unaffected by individuals’ perceptions, one’s individual reality can change and shift as a result of changes in perception that can be triggered by events, relationships, and interactions with others. Leslie Bell’s “Hard to Get: Twenty-Something Women and the Paradox of Sexual Freedom,” Oliver Sacks’s “The Mind’s Eye,” and Martha Stout’s “When I Woke Up Tuesday Morning, It Was Friday” collectively address this idea that the realization of individual realities