The distinction is clear between features of major depression and the features of bipolar 1 disorder. As we explore the distinction between both, we will also take into perspective the effect of each disorder as it relates to gender difference. And lastly, what makes them so different? Major depression or clinical depression is mood disorder that is characterized by the persistent feeling of sadness or the loss of interest in daily activity, which causes significant impairment in the individual’s life. Some of the major features that are widely common in individuals with major depression include; difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions,difficulty sleeping, early-morning awakening, or oversleeping, persistently sad, anxious, …show more content…
Typically, studies report that women have a prevalence rate for depression up to twice that of men. Studies have also revealed that boys before puberty exhibit a higher rate of major depressive disorder compared to girls (Nolen-Hoeksema & Hilt, 2009. Supp reading, mood disorder.) The difference in gender also reflects how the disorder is expressed. In men, depression manifested in forms consistent with hegemonic masculinity such as aggressiveness, risk-taking, and alcohol and drug abuse, while female exhibit isolation and crying. The difference in expressing major depressive disorder is heavily influenced by cultural beliefs --men are portrayed to be tough and independent in not showing any weakness in crying or seeking help. Women, on the other hand, are encouraged to be emotional and to seek help when …show more content…
Individuals may also experience mood episodes with "mixed features," in which manic and depressive symptoms occur simultaneously, or may alternate from one pole to the other within the same day (APA, 2013. Supp reading Bipolar and Related Disorders.). The mania aspect of bipolar 1 is a can be considered as a severe state that disrupts the individual’s well being, as it can cause the dividual to become disconnected with reality, causing the individual to express behavior that is unnatural to themselves. Two major distinguishing features of bipolar 1 are mania and depression. In the state of mania the individuals might experience three of the followings; the Diminished need for sleep, excessive talking or pressured speech, racing thoughts or flight of ideas, clear evidence of distractibility, Increased level of goal-focused activity at home, at work, or sexually, excessive pleasurable activities, often with painful consequences. On the other hand, depressive episodes in bipolar disorder are similar to clinical depression. There is no variation in symptoms, for instance, an individual who has been diagnosed with major depression and an individual who is experiencing depressive episodes in bipolar disorder can both experience symptoms like; significant loss or increase in appetite,
Bipolar Disorder (Formerly known as Manic Depression) is a mental illness linked to alterations in moods such as mood swings, mania, and depression. There is more than one type, Bipolar I and Bipolar II, and the subcategories are divided by the severity of the symptoms seen, such as cyclothymic disorder, seasonal mood changes, rapid cycling disorder and psychosis. Age of onset usually occurs between 15-30 years old with an average onset of 25 years old but it can affect all ages. (Harvard Medical School; Massachusetts General Hospital , 2013) Bipolar disorder affects more than two million people in the United States every year. (Gardner, 2011)
In DSM-V, bipolar 1 disorder is defined as meeting the following criteria for a manic episode, which may or may not be followed by a hypomanic or major depressive episode: There must be a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irri...
The severe mood fluctuations of bipolar or manic-depressive disorders have been around since the 16-century and affect little more than 2% of the population in both sexes, all races, and all parts of the world (Harmon 3). Researchers think that the cause is genetic, but it is still unknown. The one fact of which we are painfully aware of is that bipolar disorder severely undermines its victims ability to obtain and maintain social and occupational success. Because the symptoms of bipolar disorder are so debilitation, it is crucial that we search for possible treatments and cures.
In order to understand the effects of said malfunctions, it is vital to brief crash course in what it means to be bipolar. This disorder is typically characterized by periods of intense mania, followed closely by deep, unadulterated depression with “mixed” periods sprinkled throughout. Manic periods are characterized by intense feelings of euphoria. This may seem like a positive, however these phases typically lead to bouts of impaired judgment. Behaviors can become grandiose in nature and look extremely hyperactive. The person may have raised libido, want to stay up all night, and exhibit overall decreased inhibition. The depression that follows these bouts of ecstasy comes quickly, and they are both dark and unforgiving. Individuals with bipolar disorder lack a middle groun...
Bipolar Disorder can be classified by the occurrence of manic episodes followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes. A manic episode is a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, extensive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week and present most of the day, nearly every day. During the specific period of mood disturbance and increased energy or activity, many symptoms are present. Some examples of these symptoms can include: -Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, and are more talkative than usual (“Bipolar and Related Disorders, “n.d.). There is a 10- 15% risk of completed suicide associated with Bipolar Disorder (“Bipolar Depression”, 2)
A culture’s view of depression differs from one another. For example, cross-cultural psychiatrists have found that depression can be expressed in somatic and emotional terms, ‘“In “somaticizing cultures, “depressive experiences may be expressed as complaints of weakness, tiredness, ‘imbalance’ (Chinese and Asian cultures), ‘nerves’ and headaches (in Latino and Mediterranean cultures)…”’ Due to the diversity of experiences within the different cultures, there is no universal entity incorporating all views of culture in defining depression. The views of a culture toward mental disorders have a great impact on the prevalence of certain individuals within a culture compared to another culture. For example, Japan has a significantly lower prevalence depression rate compared to the United States, “the World Health Survey Initiative estimated a twelve-month prevalence of mood disorders to be around 3.1% in Japan compared with 9.6% in the United States.” The concept of “depression” is the factor to account for in this difference of vulnerability.
When a person pressures someone to do something, it can lead to depression because they might not enjoy what they are forced to do. This one example of how misery and stress are added to a person’s life, resulting in depression. Many people tend to confuse bipolar disorder with depression and therefore it is imperative to learn the difference between both and encourage individuals who might be experiencing a mood disorder to seek medical help as soon as possible. The main difference between bipolar disorder and depression are the mania symptoms. Bipolar disorder is a condition that involves shifts in a person's mood from severe depression to manic phases accompanied with feelings of excessive excitement or irritability, extreme elation, and delusions of
According to the DSM5 major depressive describes a person who is in a depressed mood for most of the day, nearly everyday. The person also has a diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the time. There may be significant weight loss or gain as a result of decrease or increase of appetite, respectively. The person may also experience insomnia or hyper insomnia nearly everyday. There may also be a consistent feeling of fatigue or loss of energy. Usually in major depression, there are feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt. It is also common to have a diminished ability to think, concentrate, or experience indecisiveness. All of these symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. (DSM 5, 160-161)
depression, and mixed episodes. Each type of bipolar disorder mood episode has a unique set of
Bipolar disorder affects approximately one percent of the population in the United States. Bipolar disorder involves feelings of mania and depression. Which is where individuals with manic episodes experience a period of depression. The depression episodes are characterized by a persistent sadness, almost inability to move, hopelessness, and disturbances in appetite, sleep, in concentration, and driving. The manic episodes are characterized by elevated or irritable mood, increased energy, decreased need for sleep, poor judgment and insight, and often reckless or irresponsible behavior (Hollandsworth, Jr. 1990 ). As the National Depressive and Manic Depressive Association (MDMDA) have demonstrated, bipolar disorder can create substantial developmental delays, marital and family disruptions, occupational setbacks, and financial disasters. In addition, bipolar states and psychotic states are misdiagnosed as schizophrenia, but a closer look at speech patterns can help distinguish between the two (Lish, 1994).
Depression is one of the most prevalent mental health conditions in the U.S. that affects, men, women, teens and even the elderly. Most of the time depression goes unrecognized or even untreated. It may be normal for people to experience feelings of sadness or anger for short periods of time. Usually this may last a few days due to temporary circumstances that may happen in an individual’s life, but if these feelings occur for an extended period of time, it may be a sign of major depression. Bipolar disorder may be confused with major depression. An individual having recurring depression and mania for an extended period differentiates bipolar disorder. As a healthcare professional, it is important to educate individuals and their families who have a mental health illness so that they can pay attention to important cues so that they can be addressed properly. This case study refers to a female patient diagnosed with bipolar disorder. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM-V) is a publication/diagnostic tool, used by healthcare professionals to diagnose mental disorders (Psychiatry Online, n.d) Bipolar disorder may be confused with major depression. Bipolar disorder is differentiated by an individual having reoccurring depression and mania for an extended period of time. These episodic mood shifts can lead to excessively elevated or irritable mood. Many believe that this disorder can lightly stem from a combination of genetic and non-genetic factors (WebMD, 2014). According to statistics, the average onset for bipolar disorder is in the mid-to late 20s, but over the years the average age has been decreasing. The prevalence of bipolar is approximately 2.6% in the population at large with 82.9% of these cases cl...
There are 2 stages during bipolar disorder, the stage of mania and the stage od depression. Mania is the period of euphoria, restlessness, energy, recklessness, and much talking. During this stage, you are most likely to participate in risky behaviors. During depression stages, you may feel sad, cry a lot, or have a sense of being worthless...
Many studies have been exploring the role on neighborhood settings in the development of major depressive disorders. Studies have established that individuals living in neighborhoods of a lower class have a higher risk of depressive symptoms. Others have failed to find a noteworthy relationship between economic conditions and psychological health. Kiljs et al. created a study that can support that lower class neighborhood conditions are linked to major depressive disorders by using 3 conceptual models. Model 1: The association between neighborhood income and major depressive episodes is explained by diseases, lifestyle factors, stress and social participation. Conceptual model 2: A low individual income relative to the mean income in the neighborhood
Depression can be classified as a biological or a mental disorder which can be caused by many different things, sometimes even genetic factors. Stress does not always have to be present, but may help to trigger or boost depression. Depression will affect everything about an individual, from the way they think to the way they act. Depression can be present even when a person feels and appears happy. Millions of people, in American alone, suffer from depression every year. Women, who are of the ages ranging from 25-44, make up the majority of depressed people. As a matter of fact, 7 million women battle depression every day. Depression comes in many different shapes and sizes depending on causes and varying patterns.
The silent killer that takes lives without warning, punishment, or any sympathy; depression is truly one of the most prominent mental illnesses in the world. Depression is defined as a mental illness inducing a severe and staunch feeling of sadness. The term depressed is coined in English as a temporary sadness that everyone experiences in their life. Despite that depression is more active in women, it is still one of the most common mental illnesses in the world. It affects anybody, regardless of sex, race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic standing. Regardless of all these facts, surprisingly little is known about depression, however, scientists have been able to hypothesize major causes, effects, and treatments for the disability affecting over