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Reflection on the deontological ethics by immanuel kant
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Why Lying is Okay (in Certain Situations)
Immanuel Kant, a philosopher known for his contributions in deontology. He believes that humans have a perfect duty to not lie, however there are reasons that show that sometimes we have to lie. Therefore, it is my belief that Kant’s deontological ethics, saying that we have a perfect duty not to lie, is false. In support of this, I will argue that sometimes lying is better than telling the truth. For example, one might lie due to personal protection, the protection of children’s innocence, the prevention of harm and hurting someone’s feelings, or the delay of pain and suffering. An example of protecting a child’s innocence is the answer of a parent when their child asks them, “Where do babies
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So, each experiment builds on one another. The first one just looks at lying to help someone else, versus being honest, which harms others. And then the second experiment, which had another 200 participants, looks at the effect of lying to help someone else, even when it actually causes harm. So, [they] disentangle intentions from outcomes. And then in [their] third experiment, which again had another 200 or so participants, [they] start to disentangle the effect of lying on the self, versus the effect of lying on others. (Levine, 2014)
Schweitzer and Levine “had people come to a lab and watch someone, or interact with someone, who had an opportunity to lie about the outcome of a coin flip or a die roll in order to make money for their partner” (Levine, 2014). They found that their results were “that when participants are lied to in a way that helps them, they actually really appreciate that dishonesty. It boosts trust, and it causes them to think that their counterpart is moral” (Levine,
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They will say how when caught in a lie, you cause people to feel like you cannot be trusted. This leads to ruined relationships, whether it is between family, friends, or your significant other. Examples of this include: 1.) Lying to your parents, getting found out, and them feeling as if they cannot trust you like they did before. 2.) Your friend feeling angry at you after discovering that you have lied to them. 3.) Telling a lie to your significant other, whom you are supposed to really care for and love, and then they find out and he/she breaks up with you. And they will state how once you get a reputation as a liar, it is hard to gain the trust that has been
In society, some people are looked at as liars or “bullshitters,” as stated in the article, “Is Lying Bad for Us?” Honesty is not always the best policy, and in certain situations, liars are best not to tell the truth when protecting the innocent, or protecting oneself. Because of this, lying should be looked at as a standard in society and something that people recognize in every day life.
In “The Ways We Lie” by Stephanie Ericsson, the author uses her knowledge to talk about the different ways of lies and how those lies affect the liar, as well as the people who had been told lies. According to the author’s essay, there are 10 types of lies that people encounter every single day: the White Lie, Facades, Ignoring the Plain Facts, Deflecting, Omission, Stereotypes and Cliches, Groupthink, Out-and-Out Lies, Dismissal, and Delusion. Throughout the essay, it is connoted that people are lying in various ways even though they are not intended to. I had been taught that lying is a bad habit. According to Ericsson, there are many types of lie and I did three of them in my life: the White Lie, Omission, and Out-and-Out Lies; however, I can defend my lies for good purposes.
If someone has done or said something, they lie in order to make themselves seem like they aren’t the “bad guy”. Doing something that could ultimately cause trouble can make people take actions that they wouldn’t normally take. A tremendous amount of anger can lead to actions that are repulsive and regretful. That is what happened to Christopher’s dad in CIDN. Christopher’s dad says, “‘I killed Wellington, Christopher… Mrs. Shears… she was very good to us… I thought she might… eventually… want to move in here… I think she cared more for that bloody dog than for me, for us…’” (121). Christopher’s dad was angry because Mrs. Shears had turned him down. Consequently, when her dog ran after him, he killed him. Throughout the entire book, his dad lies about this to everyone. In addition, lying to someone makes the other person look foolish for being trusting. Every person that has been lied to had no idea of what was truly happening. In other words, lies can even cause trust issues, depression, or antisocial disorders in people. In “How to Spot a Liar”, it is said that “‘... there are times when we are unwilling participants in deception. And that can have dramatic costs for us.’” (Meyer 2:32). Every lie told affects everyone involved. It can have serious consequences. It is often that people lie in order to protect themselves from being ashamed or
Richard Gunderman and Stephanie Ericsson each have written a piece explaining the impacts of lying on society. In Gunderman’s article, “Is Lying Bad for Us?” he outlines the health effects of lying, and how there are serious “mental and physical consequences,” (Gunderman 1). Ericsson’s essay, “The Ways We Lie,” focuses more on the different types of lying, and how each has a different impact. Although Gunderman’s and Ericsson’s pieces of literature both relate to the negative impacts of lying, their different thoughts of how lying impacts society, including types, health, and solutions, outweigh their similarities.
Philosopher Immanuel Kant has a completely different perspective on the moral righteousness of lying. Kant believes it is unethical and sinful to lie no matter what situation presents itself. “Kant finds it especially offensive, contrasting the ‘dim, moles’ eyes fixed on experience’ with the ‘eyes belonging to a being that was made to stand erect and look at the heavens’. Kant believes in the ideology of promise keeping and if you break your promise, it is considered
“No matter how you hope, no matter how you try, you can’t make truth out of a lie” (Berenstain 1). Various children programs or books, like The Berenstain Bears, try to discourage children from lying. They attempt to do this by informing them of the consequences lying brings. Every day, countless people find themselves being deceived, whether by their coworkers, friends, or family. While some lies may appear harmless, most do more harm than good. Lying takes on several different modes for which it infests itself into the daily grind. A few of these configurations are white lies, facades, delusion or doublespeak. More than half of the population have become desensitized to deceit, because today lying is prevalent, and doublespeak is predominant
Richard Gunderman asks the question, "Isn 't there something inherently wrong with lying, and “in his article” Is Lying Bad for Us?" Similarly, Stephanie Ericsson states, "Sure I lie, but it doesn 't hurt anything. Or does it?" in her essay, "The Ways We Lie.” Both Gunderman and Ericsson hold strong opinions in regards to lying and they appeal to their audience by incorporating personal experiences as well as references to answer the questions that so many long to confirm.
Recently lying has become a very disregarded subject. However, no matter how much recognition it gets, it continues to give people the same uneasy feeling. Most people are taught at a very young age that lying is wrong, immoral, and frowned upon by society. Of course no one wants to do something seen as wrong, immoral, and frowned upon. Therefor it begs the questions; why is lying wrong? Why is it considered immoral? Why is it frowned upon by society? To answer these questions, we must first understand why we lie, the different types of lies, and the personal consequences that accompany lying. There are two profound articles that focus on these topics. We will be analyzing Stephanie Ericsson’s The Ways We Lie, as well as Richard Gunderman’s
Kant believes in developing a pure moral philosophy, a universal law, based on a priori concept of reasoning. A priori knowledge is the knowledge a person has before any experience. He also talks about a posteriori knowledge, which stands for the knowledge after experience. As a posteriori knowledge is depended on experiences, it cannot be considered in making a moral decision because it requires a general law. Kant also refuses to consider any kind of specific interests and circumstances in making a decision. Hence, lying is not an option, according to Kant, in making any kind of moral decision. He also emphasizes that consequences don't matter regardless of outcomes. Hence, the moral law is a general formula that is applicable in all situations. So, instead of commanding certain actions, Kant believes in expressing the principle that all the actions to make a decision should be undertaken with pure motives without consideration of the consequences. In other words, Kant is a stro...
Although it is considered wrong to tell lies, it seems that literature has offered us situations where telling lies isn’t necessarily bad. Of course, lying often has a tragic outcome, but not always for the person or people who told the lie or lies. Oftentimes, these unfortunate outcomes are directed at the person about whom the lie was told. Furthermore, these stories have explained that dishonesty can result in success for both the liar and the target. Maybe we have been teaching the wrong values to our children.
Stephanie Ericsson’s The Ways We Lie, analyzes and reflects on how lying has simply become the norm in our society. We all lie, there is not one person in the world that does not lie. Most people lie because they are afraid of telling the truth, however what they do not know is telling a lie can lead them in the wrong direction because many things can happen when lying to a person. The person can find out when everything unravels that person will not have trust in you and you would be known as a liar. To every action there is a consequence, so why not deal with just one consequence when telling the
With different views on when it is OK to lie, the people continue to debate. But personally, I respect Kant’s views on the idea that lying is bad. Lying weakens the purpose to serve justice, destroys the liars’s dignity, and messes up the records. But I think that rare situations justify lies. I believe lies to save someone's life or just to protect someone from a big danger is the only type of lie that is justified. Those situations are the only times I think it is OK to lie. It might seem that lying to get yourself out of trouble is a situation that makes the lie justified. But I think that is a selfish reason for your own good and that people are thinking less about the society and more about their own good. Lying to get out of trouble is one of those many lies that are not justified.
We lie all the time, lying is not something new to our culture. We lie to our parents, we lie to our friends, we even lie to our significant other, but why do we do it? There is not one set reason on why we lie but they can vary from an insignificant reason to something more nefarious. A good operational definition of a lie is “A lie is a false statement to a person or group made by another person or group who knows it is not the whole truth, intentionally.” (Freitas-Magalhães) We have been raised to know that lying is usually a bad thing, and it’s better to tell the truth, not to mention the circumstances get exponentially worse if you are caught lying. No one wants to be labeled as a liar, or untrustworthy. This may sound unorthodox but I personally think lying is perfectly fine; depending on the situation. If you have a prima-facie duty to be dishonest it’s perfectly acceptable. Ross says a prima facie duty or obligation is an actual duty. “One’s actual duty is what one ought to do all things considered.” (Carson) I’m not the only one who finds this too be true. Ross would also agree with me, He says “Lying is permissible or obligatory when the duty not to lie conflicts with a more important or equal important prima facie duty.” (Carson) As I was doing research on this topic I did read one extremely compelling argument on why we ought not to lie. Aristotle basically said a person who makes a defense for lying could never be trusted. (King.)
Growing up, we are always told to never lie because it is the worst thing you could ever do. “Lying will only lead to a horrible situation with less than mediocre results. While lying is not always good, it is not always bad either. Samuel Butler once said “Lying has a kind of respect and reverence with it. We pay a person the compliment of acknowledging his superiority whenever we lie to him.
There are two different types of lies. The first types of lies are called true falsehoods. These types of lies are always wrong. The only purpose for telling this type of lie is for one's self interest or self-protection. No one else is taken into consideration. This type of lie causes pain and mistrust in relationships that matter. For example; a teenager says he is going to a specific friend’s house and his parents find out that he went to another friend’s house instead. This type of lie, at least over time, will cause the parents to not believe where he is going the next time even though he may be telling the truth. There is a wall in the relationship that forms that should not be there. Lies like this are not for the good of the majority, they cause relationships to become strained and over time these types of lies will cause a relationship to crumble and there may not be anyway to repair it. These lies bring life long consequences.