Logic In The Role Of Logic And Formal Logic

ROLE OF LOGIC IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Shreya Chaturvedi 2014A7PS147P Nishant Khosla 2014A8PS356P

Introduction to Logic Logic is the study of the methods and principles used to distinguish correct and incorrect resoning.It is a tool to develop reasonable conclusions based on a given set of data. Logic is free of emotion and deals very specifically with information in its purest form. It is a branch of philosophy that features extensively in Mathematics and Computer Science. The basic reasoning behind logic maybe inductive reasoning, abductive reasoning or deductive reasoning.

Types of Logic:

● Informal Logic:

It is used in everyday reasoning and argument analysis.It is the study of natural language arguments.It is further

● Formal Logic:

The study of formal Logic dates back to the works of Aristotle. It is a study of logical inference. Traditional Aristotelian Logic and Modern Symbolic Logic are some examples of Formal Logic Systems.

● Symbolic Logic:

It is the study of symbolic abstractions that capture the formal features of logical inference.It sets up an “artificial” languade to avois the dificulties of of vagueness, equivocation, amphiboly, and confusion from emotive significance.It id devided into two branches : propositional logic and predicate logic. ● Mathematical Logic:

Mathematical logic is a subfield of mathematics exploring the applications of formal logic to mathematics.The unifying themes in mathematical logic include the study of the expressive power of formal systems and the deductive power of formal proof systems. It is often divided into the fields of set theory

, model theory

, recursion theory

,

It is a general purpose logic programming language which is associated with AI and computational linguistics.Prolog has its roots in first order logic(a formal logic), and it is decelerative: the program logic is expressed in terms of relations, represented as facts and rules. A computation is initiated by running a query over these relations.

Competitor to LISP for AI programming in 80’s. Logic As An Analytical Tool:

Newell explicitly states that:”

Role of logic [is] as a tool for the analysis of knowledge,not for reasoning by intelligent agents. ” Conclusion

Throughout its relatively short history, AI has been heavily influenced by logical ideas. AI has drawn on many research methodologies: the value and relative importance of logical formalisms is questioned by some leading practitioners, and has been debated in the literature from time to time.But most members of the AI community would agree that logic has an important role to play in at least some central areas of AI research, and an influential minority considers logic to be the most important factor in enabling strategic, fundamental