H. Review of Relevant Theories
This review of relevant theories is divided into: Local Wisdom, local wisdom’s scope and characteristic, the use of local wisdom in ELT and Textbook, Textbook in ELT, Content of the textbook, Function of the textbook and Textbook Evaluation.
1. Local Wisdom
Local wisdom is a part of the people in specific culture and arises according to each specific location which cannot be separated from their own lives and it is usually inherited orally from generation to generation. Culture mean is all human products that originate from the brain, heart, and drivers that are beneficial for the sake of human welfare. According to E.B. Tylor, culture is "that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law,
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This wisdom can be both abstract and concrete, but the important characteristic are that it comes from experience or truth gained from life. The wisdom from real experience integrates the body, the spirit and the environment. It emphasizes respect for elder and their life experience. Moreover, it values moral more than material things (Nakorntap et al., in Mungmachon’s journal). It is related to culture in the community which is accumulate and passed on. This wisdom can be both abstract and concrete, but the important characteristic are that it comes from experience or truth gained from life. The wisdom from real experience integrates the body, the sprit, and …show more content…
The educational model of local wisdom education is an example of high relevance education for life development skills, based on skills empowerment and local potential in each region. Local wisdom is authentic material can be the base of character education in schools. Wahab (2012: 18), described that local genius or local knowledge can be the source of values as well as the academic materials.
The good value of education that a country has, the good value of human resources it has. The good value can take from local wisdom that comes from community itself and implemented in English language teaching. Komin (1998) said in Piromruen and Pandian journal “the extent of local culture lost due to English language influence is in fact and important and relevant issue in English learning and teaching. Although no answer available, it is worth of being food for thought for language teachers to ponder”. Involving the local wisdom-based learning that has a positive value will provide learning contained character building in it and teaching base on local wisdom can preserve the culture that has been
Culture as described by Brislin [1], as the totality of learned behaviors of people that emerges from their interpersonal interactions.
Culture is what makes an individual distinct from others. It is believed that culture is a powerful force that affects and shapes the way we perceive the world and on how we interact with other people. It is synonymous to a country or nation which sets and bears its own desired qualities or attributes. For instance, a group of people conversing in language other than English notices a woman passing by wearing veil over her face and a ruby on her nose would likely be described as one from different culture and which can likewise be alluded as one from somewhere else.
By the following knowledge, we can find happiness and help us do the right things. The power of knowledge hasn't lost a bit of significance even today and still valued by the majority of people. The society we live in today, knowledge is accepted by each and every one of us. The strong beliefs bring out more people seeking higher education and aspire to get a degree in such a field they desire. In the knowledge-based society we live in today, it has widely come to be accepted. A knowledgeable person gets the job quickly in the field. Considering the fact that knowledge and information are the important part of our lives, a knowledge is to fully understand it can give you enough value throughout your
Our knowledge is a key to our success and happiness in our life to give us personal satisfaction. Knowledge is power but not always. Sometimes our self-awareness and growth as an individual gives us negative thoughts that make us want to go back to undo it. Everyone wants to unlearn a part in our life that brought us pain and problems. Good or bad experiences brought by true wisdom can be used for our self-acceptance, self-fulfillment and these experiences would make us stronger as we walk to the road of our so called “life”, but Douglas’s and my experience about knowledge confirmed his belief that “Knowledge is a curse”. Both of us felt frustrated and sad from learning knowledge.
Culture is a difficult concept to put into words. “Traditionally anthropologists have used the term culture to refer to a way of life - traditions and customs - transmitted through learning” (Kottak, et al. 2008: p.11). Children inherit their culture, as well as social norms and ethics, through a process called enculturation. Enculturation, in essence, determines who a person will become, because culture defines who a person is. More specifically, “Culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs arts, morals, laws, customs, and any other capabilities or habits acquired by man as a member of society” (Taylor, 1971/1951: p. 1). In modern society, our traditions and customs come from a variety of different sources. Television,
Culture is the unique way to act and think within a people from a certain place. It’s the way the people hold their beliefs, what they hold valuable, how they speak and even how they write. Culture is how people relate and act with one another within a certain space. Culture can vary from place to place such as city, state, country or continent.
For example, when a graduate steps out of the school and enter the insurance company, he is well equipped with the fundamental mathematical and business knowledge, as well as the analytic skills and understanding of market behavior. Only when he is able to apply his knowledge and skills to his work after, he is starting to become an influential actuary. Moreover, he should learn from people around him by listening to their opinions and observe how they what they learn to deal with various situations at work. Even the great master Confucius had to reflect on himself that “Am I a learned man? No I am not. But if a farmer asks me a question and my mind is a total blank, I shall keep turning the question over in my mind until I come up with an answer” and “There are those people who can do without knowledge, but I am not one of them. I listen to many views and choose the sound ones to follow. I see many things and keep them in my memory. Knowledge attained this way is the second best” (passage 7.28, The Analects). Knowledgeable as Confucius is, he kept seeking and absorbing new ideas from people around him to improve himself. Learning is
Culture is a set of beliefs, values and attitudes that a person inherits from a society or a group that they are in and they learn how to view the world and how to behave, these principles can then be passed down from generation to generation so that the culture that has been inherited can live on for
Culture can be defined as “A pattern of basic assumptions invented, discovered or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration that has worked well enough to be considered valid, and therefore to be taught to the new members as the correct way to perceive, think and feel in relation to those problems”. Schein (1988)
Culture can be simply considered as "the way we do things around here", said Cartwright (2004, pp.85). A further understanding given by Deresky (2006, pp.83) is that a culture is composed by 'shared values, understandings, assumptions, and goals that are learned from earlier generations, imposed by present members of a society and passed on to succeeding generations'. It can be seen that culture is formed by lifestyle and knowledge acquisition of people from a certain region, and then it stands for a general preference, opinion, and value of them. So that's why people from the same place may have much in common.
Anthropologists define the term culture in a variety of ways, but there are certain shared features of the definition that virtually all anthropologists agree on. Culture is a shared, socially transmitted knowledge and behavior. The key features of this definition of culture are as follows. 1) Culture is shared among the members of that particular society or group. Thus, people share a common cultural identity, meaning that they recognize themselves and their culture's traditions as distinct from other people and other traditions. 2) Culture is socially transmitted from others while growing up in a certain environment, group, or society. The transmission of cultural knowledge to the next generation by means of social learning is referred to as enculturation or socialization. 3) Culture profoundly affects the knowledge, actions, and feelings of the people in that particular society or group. This concept is often referred to as cultural knowledge that leads to behavior that is meaningful to others and adaptive to the natural and social environment of that particular culture.
The Wisdom category or (‘paññā’ in pāli language), contains two factors: (1) Right View, which suggests viewing reality as it is, not just as it appears to be. It is the process of gaining knowledge and understanding of the Four Noble Truths, through personal experience and practice of spiritual exercises. (2) Right Intention, means Intention of renunciation. This factor relates to detachment, love and nonviolence. Unlike, when thoughts based on selfish desire, hatred and violence are present; it is a ...
There are various influences on everyone’s lives while growing up. I believe the greatest of these influences is the neighborhood you grew up in. I grew up in a quite large, welcoming neighborhood. While living in this neighborhood, I was outgoing and remarkably talkative. Making friends became second nature to me. Playing outdoors from sunrise to sundown playing sports or exploring the outdoors with my friends became a daily routine for me. I was outgoing, talkative, and active. I believe this is the result of the neighborhood I grew up in.
The term “culture” refers to the complex accumulation of knowledge, folklore, language, rules, rituals, habits, lifestyles, attitudes, beliefs, and customs that link and provide a general identity to a group of people. Cultures take a long time to develop. There are many things that establish identity give meaning to life, define what one becomes, and how one should behave.
According to Hill and Walton, biblical scholars acknowledge that poetic/wisdom literature comprises about one third of the Hebrew Old Testament. Although the book of Psalms, Proverbs, and Song of Songs are entirely poetic in form, they are considered wisdom books with exception to the wisdom psalms. Most of Job and portions of Ecclesiastes are poetic, but they are also considered wisdom books. According to Longman, the identification of a particular genre determines the interpretation and reading strategy of a particular text. This is important in understanding the genre of poetic/wisdom literature because there are certain interpretive techniques that become necessary to correctly interpret the text in comparison to prose in the Old Testament. Longman states that prose and poetry are better represented as poles on a continuum. Poetry is a more self-consciously structured language with a greater use of literary devices and figures of speech in comparison to prose. There are unique interpretive conventions with poetic and wisdom literature that come from the historical/cultural context of the corpus, and can specifically be seen found in the theological themes/messages of the book of Psalm and Proverbs.