Literature Review
Research on similar programs
Evidence concerned with the complex needs of pregnant women are increasing regarding dual diagnoses of substance abuse and mental health disorders. In the past, these women have been frequently underserved by their communities due to separating substance abuse and mental health programs. In recent years, it has become very evident that trauma is an important factor to consider when serving pregnant women with co-occurring disorders. According to a reviewed study, 55% to 99% of women with co-occurring disorders experienced trauma from abuse (Covington, Burke, Keaton, & Norcott, 2008). In the last decade research has demonstrated that integrated, trauma-informed treatment services promote successful
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(2008) have determined that women with co-occurring disorders whom have experienced trauma from abuse will often engage in self-destructive behaviors. This study further proposed an integrated model of treatment for addicted women who have co-occurring disorders and the experience of trauma. The treatment model is called Women's Integrated Treatment (WIT) and combines substance abuse and trauma which is explored in a residential facility where the model is applied (Covington et al., 2008). Covington et al. (2008) introduces Helping Women Recover and Beyond Trauma which are both implemented with integrated trauma-informed services. Beyond Trauma (BT) is provided in eleven sessions which include a focus on abuse and trauma, the impact of trauma, and healing from trauma (Covington et al., 2008). Helping Women Recover (HWR) has a duration of seventeen-session that involve concepts regarding self, relationships, sexuality, and spirituality (Covington et al., 2008). Both programs are designed for application with staff from various areas of training and offer manuals that deliver guidelines for each session. The WIT model provided evidence with positive outcomes and indicated reduced symptoms regarding trauma and depression as well as a reduction in substance …show more content…
(2013) as the variation in the types of measures used to evaluate them (2013). The current study conducts a comparison of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) and the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs (GAIN) to assess change in alcohol and other drug treatment outcomes for PPW. Both measures were compared on their ability to determine changes in substance use, medical and HIV risk, employment issues, legal problems, family and recovery environment characteristics, and psychological/emotional issues (Cowger et al., 2013). The measures were similar in their ability to perceive treatment outcomes, but the GAIN includes an additional HIV risk scale. The results of the study indicate that research involving the effects of drug use and treatment with PPW may find value in the GAIN because it will be more effective in finding vital individual differences within PPW (Cowger et al., 2013). Though the ASI measures many of the same ideas as the GAIN, such as items related to treatment, it lacks mixing score measures of substance abuse treatment, mental health treatment, physical health treatment, and HIV risk behaviors (Cowger et al., 2013). All of which are considered very relevant in treating this population. The GAIN's substance abuse treatment measure is noted as providing more valuable information regarding the urgent need for treatment and
Fortinash, K. M., & Holoday Worret, P. A. (Eds.). (2012). Substance-related disorders and addictive behaviors. Psychiatric mental health nursing (5th ed., pp. 319-362). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.
According to Brady and Ashley “Pregnant women with substance abuse issues faced many internal barriers to treatment. These include shame and fear of being judged by care providers, fear of being reported to social services and losing custody of children and public assistance resources, and co-morbid conditions such as depression and anxiety.If pregnant drug abusers know they will be punished for their actions, they will be less likely to search for help. Causing even greater complications in the fetus’s condition, instead of the mother seeking help to solve her addiction problem.” Just try to put yourself in the shoes of one of these
The Addition Severity Index is a well-known and widely used tool for use in treating alcoholics and other addicts. It is an approximately 45 to 60 minute long interview comprised of questions about the patient’s life. The interview covers eight subscales focusing on many different parts of a person’s life which helps to provide a comprehensive understanding of their life. The severity is scored on a ten point scale ranging from no problem or treatment indicated to extreme problem, treatment absolutely necessary. The scale helps the interviewer determine the seriousness of a client’s problem and to plan an effective course of treatment. The ASI can also be found in a self-administered paper-and-pencil form and an interactive CD-ROM multimedia version for the computer (Maleka, 2004). This test has been found to be reliable by most but some others do not agree. It is difficult to say whether or not the test is a reliable and valid measure of treatment due to the complexity of the questions. Once a client’s psychosocial needs are identified it is easier to find treatment suitable for that client. There are some problems with the test such as it is not properly designed to cover such a wide population (Maleka, 2004). Other problems include irrelevant questions for alcoholics and other drug users, difficulty remembering relevant information, and lying and exaggerating information for the best interest of the patient (Maleka, 2004). Use of the ASI can be found to be particularly problematic when used with the homeless or double-diagnosis patients. The ASI can be used in a wide range of treatment settings including clinical, research, and administrative. This comprehensive evaluation is a useful tool that helps professionals understand the
... middle of paper ... ... Retrieved from Senia: http://www.senia.com/2007/09/24/5-specific-techniques-from-positive-psychology-more-productive-more-successful-happier/. Retrieved on 10/20/13. Network, F. R. (2010-2013). Trauma Abuse Treatment -.
A review of the literature reveals no clear-cut definition of harm reduction. Most experts are in agreement, however, that the primary emphasis of harm reduction strategies is to reduce the health, social, and economic consequences associated with alcohol and drug use. Implicitly or explicitly, complete abstinence is the goal of the vast majority of substance abuse service providers (MacMaster, 2004). Although harm reduction strategies value completely refraining from addictive substances, the approach embraces a wide range of goals not limited to abstinence. The harm reduction model employs strategies for extending the scope of treatment to substance users for whom abstinence oriented treatment may not be appropriate. When people are unwilling or unable to embrace abstinence, alternatives to abstinence based treatment have been shown to increase the well-being of both individuals and communities.
Alcohol is the most commonly used addictive substance in the US. One in every 12 adults suffers from alcohol abuse. Alcohol addiction is very common in modern ...
This paper will answer the following questions: What are the key concepts of substance abuse counseling? What is the theory behind substance abuse counseling? What is the therapeutic process? What are the specific techniques and procedures used in substance abuse counseling? And what are the weaknesses and limitations of substance abuse counseling?
Unfortunately, many abused children learned from early to utilize substances as a coping mechanisms to deal with stressors or crisis situations. This also can be the spiraling negative effect of the adult being delayed from reaching prominat milestones. The stressors of having been a victim of a, or even multiple, traumatic events, also suffer from the reoccurring thoughts of the event, which often times lead them to drug or alcohol abuse. Then, because of their poor coping skills, the inability to reach certain milestones can cause an increased need to use substances as a way to cope. Studies have shown that not only is alcohol the most abused substance in developing countries, but that “Alcohol may be used as a way to reduce feelings of isolation and loneliness, as a method of self-medication in an attempt to gain control over what the victims have experienced, as a way to improve self-esteem, or as a means with which to gain relief from the persistent memories of abuse.”( Makhija and Sher, (2007) p.
On a boring Wednesday afternoon, I sat in a brightly lit CPR classroom listening to the instructor drone on and on. I began to wonder if I would ever actually need to use these skills. I highly doubted it. The past two years I have worked at the "little-kid-infested" North Fork Swimming Pool, where there have been absolutely no emergencies. A bloody nose or a stubbed toe here or there but never any serious traumas.
Dr. Shindler stated that most of these women are incarcerated at some point in their lives. While this is an interesting fact, I think the thought behind it is unsettling because these women are being stereotyped. As usual, nurture affects our lives in many different ways, and yet each of us responds to it differently. The program put an emphasis on educating these patients as well as helping them to understand the trigger of their behavior a long with the biological basis of their family heritability. The approach of the program is so different in such that it doesn’t focus on correcting their addicting behavior. Instead, it allows physicians work collaboratively with the patients to investigate the root of the problem. I think this approach allows the patients to feel comfortable in sharing their stories as well as actively involve in what the program has to offer. They probably have been criticized by many others about their behavior before and obviously don’t need more people to judge them. Therefore, what they need is a listener and an educator that welcome them with an open arm. Understanding the cause of the problem enables these patients to effectively change their
Women who suffer from substance abuse also have a higher rate of traumatic stressors and events. These events include sexual and physical abuse, accidents, disruption in family life, and sudden physical illnesses (Bradley, Ashley, Department of Health and Human Services, 2008). Women are also more likely than men to have recent physical, sexual, or mental abuse. Female treatment clients report more proble...
The contrast between the mental health and substance abuse systems regarding convictions, preparing, conduct, and belief system posture critical boundaries to the viable treatment of co-occurring patients. Mental health regularly has been contended that substance abuse issues are side effects of more deep mental trouble and that when those different issues are legitimately treated, substance abuse problems will decrease or die down. The existence of substance abuse issues and mental health disorders are associated with adverse outcomes of treatment including a decrease in emotional functioning, increased amount of time in treatment, increased depreciation regarding care, increased inpatient stays, and an increase in medical illness from both mental health and substance abuse (Wüsthoff, Waal, & Gråwe, 2014). This conceptualization fortifies a progression in which substance abuse issue and their treatment at times, is viewed as less real and less meriting consideration and assets. In the meantime, the substance abuse treatment field every now and again is belief system driven, and its conflicts with the emotional wellness field on fitting finding and treatment regularly have been
The depression seen in victims is often associated with other life stressors that tend to accompany domestic violence situations such as childhood abuse, daily stressor, many children, residential changes, rape, marital separation, child behavior problems, and negative life events. The depression may be chronic and worsened by abuse events, but there is also evidence of violence triggering the first depressive episode with depression lessening with decreased violence. Post-traumatic stress disorder is also much more prevalent in women who have been abused than women who have not, with a weighted ratio of 3:74. How severe the abuse was, previous instances of trauma, and partner dominance are all important precursors of post-traumatic stress disorder that results from domestic violence. Suicide and suicidal thoughts are also prevalent in domestic violence situations. Women were also found to suffer anxiety, insomnia, and social dysfunction in higher numbers than women who had not been abused. Physical violence was also shown to have a more profound impact than psychological violence in these instances. Alcohol and substance abuse is, along with depression, the most frequently observed issue in
Trauma is a physical or emotionally damaging event, or series of events that are experienced by an individual and have lasting detrimental effects on the individual’s functioning and mental, physical, social, emotional, or spiritual well-being (SAMHSA, as cited Wall, Higgins, & Hunter, 2016). Considering that trauma can result in psychological issues, such as, recurrent traumatic dreams, isolation, anxiety, hyperactivity, depression, and even suicide, trauma-informed care is a very important concept (Caltabiano, Sarafino, & Byre, 2008). Wall, Higgins, and Hunter (2016) explain that trauma-informed care is lacking a clearly articulated definition, however, do define trauma-informed care as a framework for a human service delivery which is based on knowledge and understanding of trauma, how it affects and influences peoples lives, and what services are required to
The effects of trauma, specifically sexual trauma, on victims’ physical, psychologists, and social well-being was first explored in the early 1970s (Harner). Teenage mothers are at risk of doing drugs, running away, joining a gang, and dropping out of school (De Genna). If sexually abus...