The Impacts of Large Hadron Collider to the Field of Physics
I. Introduction
Particle physics deals with the study of the smallest, most intricate objects of nature. Examples of these particles include the atom (10-10 m), nucleus (10-14 m), and quarks (less than 10-19 m) (Ekeren, 2013). These fundamental particles trace back to the moments after the Big Bang. As a way to explore how our universe evolved to what is in existence now, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, abbreviated as CERN, built the world’s most powerful particle accelerator during 1998 and 2008 – the Large Hadron Collider, or, the LHC. (STFC, n.d.). The LHC is the last element of the chain of accelerator complex present in CERN. The accelerator complex consists of a sequence of machines with increasingly higher energies (CERN, 2009). In the LHC, each particle beam injected is accelerated up to 7 TeV (electronvolt) of energy. The LHC is composed of different experimental halls which are intended for different purposes which will be discussed further in this paper. Physicists believes that the energy density and temperature data gathered from the collision experiments at the LHC will be able to demonstrate what existed within the moments after the Big Bang, to provide an example for its data’s use. They recreate and simulate these experiments inside the 27 km accelerator through beam collision of beams of high-energy protons or ions which travel at the speed of light, or 300 million meters per second (STFC, n.d.; US/LHC, 2012).
The purpose of the LHC is to allow physicists to prove and experiment with the numerous theories behind particle and high-energy physics, as well as to determine the existence of the speculated Higgs particle and a new family of ...
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... is manipulated via electromagnetic devices. Different electromagnetic devices are employed in the LHC, being 1). Dipole magnets which maintain the circular orbiting of the particles, 2. Quadrupole magnets which focus the beam, and 3. Accelerator cavities which are electromagnetic resonators that keep the energy constant for the particles through compensation of energy losses (CERN, 2009; Alison, 2012; Evans, 2007; Rossi, 2000).
Furthermore, the collider is only one of the significant parts of the LHC project. The detectors and the GRID are the other two important parts of LHC project. The detectors can be found at different points around the LHC tunnel which is housed in 4 different large chambers. The GRID is a large comprehensive network of computers with built-in softwares necessary for data processing from the recorded figures of the detectors (STFC, n.d.).
The Hanford Nuclear Site, a highly radioactive site that contains two-thirds of the country's waste by volume. The site is known for making plutonium for the atomic bombs dropped on Japan in World War 2. We will be covering the activities within the Hanford Nuclear Site from the beginning to the present and the involvement of the United States government. The nuclear site has many mysteries and unanswered questions, but this is what is available. The activities within the Hanford Nuclear Site are a mystery, but the information released to the public is what is available.
Bernstein, Jeremy, Paul M. Fishbane, and Stephen Gasiorwocz. Modern Physics. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 2000
The sensitive instruments aboard the SOHO spacecraft have already helped scientists here on Earth discover and explain some of the mysteries of the Sun as well as to confirm some of their theories they previously held. For example, in May of 1998 with the help of the Michelson Doppler Interferometer scientists were able to see with greater clarity the giant convective cells inside and on the surface of the Sun.
In the theory now presented by the author, the long sought graviton particle is viewed as the 'Spent' or residual, low energy particle arising from the proton/neutron/electron exponential decay process. This decay represents the energy required to support th...
Advanced state in physics and scientific achievements of USSR in the realm of nuclear physics
...at this book should be included with all works that hold a high literary merit. This book appeals to a wide scope of people; it relates the complicated aspects of physics in a manner that can be understood by much of the general public. More than that, this novel gives the reader a glimpse into Feynman himself. The reader can now see how he thinks and functions, additionally, it allows the reader to preview what it may have been like to be in one of Feynman’s classes. This man is considered a modern day genius, and just the chance to further see what he is actually like, is something that allows for this book to be valued more highly.
Kirkpatrick, Larry, and Gerald F. Wheeler. Physics: A World View. 4th ed. Orlando: Harcourt College Publishers, 2001.
The largest and most powerful particle collider in the world, based in CERN on the border of France and Switzerland, it is a huge undertaking. It is built to assists the scientists in discovering what the Earth is made of; it also plays a crucial part in resolving many theories by scientists. It is a 27 kilometer ring with super magnets that help the particles speed along the way. Some people also argue that it’s a machine that could possibly be dangerous, because it has the capability of creating small BLACK HOLES! “One way or another, it's the world's largest machine and it will examine the universe's tiniest particles. It's the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).”
Armature - Sometimes called a rotor. This is the part that spins. The armature can be either a permanent magnet or an electromagnet.
Fowler, Michael. “Modern Physics.” Lecture. Mass and Energy. 1 Mar. 2008. Web. 13 Oct. 2013.
The top secret development, construction, and testing of these technologies is known as the Trinity Project and changed the world forever. From 1945 to 1962, the United States government, through the Manhattan Engineer District (MED) and its successor agency, the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), conducted 235 tests of nuclear devices at sites in the United States and in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. In total, an estimated 220,000 Department of Defense (DOD) participants, both military and civilian, were present at the tests. Project TRINITY, the war-time effort to test-fire a nuclear explosive device, was the first atmospheric nuclear weapons test (Lansing, 1965).
...h cesium ions and then to focus it into a fast moving beam. The ions that are produced become negative, which helps prevents the confusion of Carbon-14 with Nitrogen-14 since Nitrogen does not have a negative ion. The first magnet is used to select ions with an atomic mass of fourteen. The ions then enter the accelerator. As they travel to the terminal, they are accelerated to an incredible speed so when they collide with the gas molecules, all of the molecular ions are broken up and most of the carbon ions have four electrons removed, turning them into Carbon3+ ions. The second magnet selects ions with the speed expected for the Carbon-14 ion and a filter makes sure their momentum is also right. Finally, the filtered Carbon-14 ions enter the detector where their speed and energy are checked so that the number of Carbon-14 ions in the sample can be counted (Oxford).
During the seventeenth century, the modern science of physics started to emerge and become a widespread tool used around the world. Many prominent people contributed to the build up of this fascinating field and managed to generally define it as the science of matter and energy and their interactions. However, as we know, physics is much more than that. It explains the world around us in every form imaginable. The study of physics is a fundamental science that helps the advancing knowledge of the natural world, technology and aids in the other sciences and in our economy. Without the field of physics, the world today would be a complete mystery, everything would be different because of the significance physics has on our life as individuals and as a society.
Faraday built two devices to produce what he called electromagnetic rotation: that is a continuous circular motion from the circular magnetic force around a wire. Ten years later, in 1831, he began his great series of experiments in which he discovered electromagnetic induction. These experiments form the basis of modern electromagnetic technology.