Land Acquisition in India
Introduction
The term Land Acquisition means the process of taking over of privately held land and other immoveable properties by the government for various ‘public purposes’. The owners are compensated for their loss via a rate that is fixed by the government appointed arbitrators. The definition of the term ‘public purpose’ is extremely vague. A few of the purposes that necessitate this process of Land Acquisition are often notified to the public through land acquisition laws. Some of the aforementioned purposes are defence projects, industrial corridors etc.
The general perception with regard to land acquisition is that it is notoriously anti-peasant since a majority of the land that is thus acquired by the government primarily belongs to farmers and is therefore, their sole source of livelihood. Often, it is contested that the compensation paid to the land owners is significantly less than the actual market price of said land. Hence, it is frequently alleged that the governments involved in such activities favour industrialists and the various lobbies of middle-men, corporate honchos etc while benefitting from the loss of the
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This was done through the Bengal Regulation Act (I) that was enacted by the government in 1824. The enactment of this truly significant piece of legislation signalled the consolidation of power in the Indian subcontinent by the Crown.
The abovementioned enactment ushered in noteworthy technological and economic events; thereby generating a need for well-oiled, purposeful bureaucratic and judicial institutions. This act was subsequently followed by Acts like the Bombay Act XXVIII of 1839, the Bombay Act XVII of 1850 etc which facilitated the ease of land acquisition by the colonial administration for the building of roads, canals and various other public
This case study examines various real estate contracts – the Real Estate Purchase Contract (REPC) and two addendums labeled Addendum No. 1 and Addendum No. 2 – pertaining to the sale of 1234 Cul-de-sac Lane in Orem, Utah. The buyers in this contract are 17 year old Jon D’Man and 21 year old Marsha Mello; the seller is Boren T. Deal. The first contract created was Jon and Marsha’s offer to purchase Boren’s house. This contract was created using the RESC form, which was likely provided by their real estate agent as it is the required form for real estate transactions according to Utah state law. The seller originally listed the house on a Multiple Listing Service (MLS); Jon and Marsha agreed that the asking price was too high for the neighborhood (although we are not given the actual listing price), and agreed to offer two-hundred and seven-thousand dollars ($207,000) and an Earnest Money Deposit of five-thousand dollars ($5,000). Additionally, the buyers requested that the seller pay 3% which includes the title insurance and property taxes. After the REPC form was drafted, the two addendums were created. Addendum No. 1 is from the seller back to the buyer, and Addendum No. 2 is the buyer’s counteroffer to the seller.
This essay is about the land rights of of Australia and how Eddie Marbo was not happy about his land been taken away from him. In May 1982 Eddie Marbo and four other people of the Murray Islands began to take action in the high court of Australia and confirming their land rights. Eddie Marbo was a torres islander who thought that the Australian laws were wrong and who went to fight and try and change them. He was born in 1936 on Mer which is known as Murray Island. The British Crown in the form of the colony of Queensland became of the sovereign of the islands when they were annexed in1978. They claimed continued enjoyment of there land rights and that had not been validly extinguished by the sovereign. (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2012)
Kappler, Charles J. "INDIAN AFFAIRS: LAWS AND TREATIES. Vol. 2, Treaties." INDIAN AFFAIRS: LAWS AND TREATIES. Vol. 2, Treaties. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Feb. 2014. .
The East India Company began in 1600 and was ordered by Queen Elizabeth I. The purpose of the East India Company was to encourage trade in the east and particularly in India. However, Britain was not the only nation getting in on trade in India. Countries such as France, were also fighting for trade in India. Even though British trade was a large part of Indian economics and politics, England was not the political dominance in India at this time. India was still under the Mughal Dynasty. However, in the later half of the 1700s the Mughal dynasty was losing influence over Indian land and population, as the East India Company was forcing taxes and causing political discomfort in India. The Mughal Dynasty came to a halt and British Empire took over politically and economically within India. It is crucial to understand how the English came to be so predominately involved with Indian politics and
And most of the farmers are found with small land holding or landless farmers so in order to have equal distribution of land to nation’s people, country should have redistribution of land by forming some reliable agenda. Suppose government has stated land reform agenda as follows:
With many posts in Eastern India, the British were able to purchase and trade goods that would otherwise not be available, such as teas, opium, silks and porcelain. Before Governmental control, The British East India Company was able to strive economically as well as in the military. In the following pages I hope to explain how this trade company flourished between the 1600-1800 and the impact that the British government had on the abolishment of the Company.
Many would argue that the land redistribution has been used as a pretext to further political gains...
There always existed issues with the land that was privately owned in many parts of Navi Mumbai. In particular, the most persistent problem was t...
The relationship between India and Britain can be dated far back at the appearance of British East India Company (who held the paramount power in India until the end of the Rebellion), and the beginning of textile trading between Britain and India . However, it was not just the power the East India Company had in India that Britain was interested in, but India’s “vast reservoir of wealth, upon which individuals, institutions, and governments could draw without restraint” . Britain saw that if India became part of its Empire and was under its control, it could “gain absolute control over its riches and resources” . Britain also saw India having a pract...
Before we look in depth at the Indian Independence Movement, it is important to understand how and why India was colonized by the British. The foundations for colonization of India began when Queen Elizabeth I issued a royal charter on 31 December 1600. The charter established the English East India Company or then knowns as Governor and Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East Indies (Landow). As the name suggests, it was a primarily set up as a company to conduct trade and acquire the valuable spices from from India.
There are two forms of the land registration system; unregistered and registered land. There are four rules that apply to unregistered land in order to protect the rights of sellers and buyers. When land is unregistered all prior legal interests will automatically bind the new owner of the land; this is because The Charges Act 1972 contains a list of burdens on unregistered land requiring protection of the land by entry in to the land charges register. If the land is subject to a trust then the buyer need not worry about any beneficiaries for when the buyer pays the trustees the beneficiaries interests become detached from the land and the money. Due to the Land Registration Act 2002 all unregistered land at the point of sale is required to be registered now.
The purpose of enacting The Land Registration Act 2002, was to combat the uncertainties evolved around the previous Act, Land Registration Act 1925 . The need for reforms was highlighted in a report by Law Commission known as Land Registration for the 21st Century: a Conveyancing Revolution . LRA 2002 repealed LRA 1925, not only simplify the law by maintaining an accurate record of all the rights and alongside interests held by others that affect the land, but also to give certainty the basic concepts engrossed by the 1925 Act as it can be very clearly evident that 2002 Act revolves around the original and principle ideas with amendments.
The Indians had expected the British to finally grant them freedom, home rule, but in return were surprised to be hit with a new act in 1919 called the Rowlatt act. This gave the British the right to imprison any Indian that was suspected of causing disturbances within the country without being trial. This elongated from the Defence of India Act subsequently because of the result of the sudden break
...cisive that they “exploded the myth that the real Indians were indifferent to the call of nationalism” . Congress was in fact so effective that “the British could not seriously question the competence of congress to rule in their stead” . The idea that the Indians were capable of self-government was a new one to the British – it had previously been thought that the Indians were incapable of forming any effective and coherent government; however the Government of India act had two major effects; it proved that the British were no longer needed to run India, and it united Indian nationalists under the banner of Congress. The desired effect of “tying India to Britain” could not have been further from the reality. Nonetheless, even during the most extreme periods of civil disobedience, Congress had never come close to overthrowing the Raj. The Raj succeeded in stopping
Missionary activities were banned and Indian laws dominated in the courts and system of education in India. There was an instance where British army raised revenue from a temple. Moreover, the earlier East India Company was not intended to govern India but to make money and British authority used to be regarded as “faintly comical” in India by visitors from Britain.