Keratoconus Treatment
By: Jeannie Tran
Contact Lens Grand Rounds
Southern California College of Optometry at MBKU
Fullerton, CA
About the Author:
Jeannie Tran received her Bachelor of Science degree in Biology at James Madison
University in Harrisonburg, VA in 2012. She is currently a third year student pursing a degree in
Doctorate of Optometry at Southern California College of Optometry at MBKU. She plans on pursuing a career in private practice in Texas after graduation.
Abstract:
Keratoconus is a progressive corneal deformity characterized by thinning and protrusion, which occurs in 1 out of 2000 patients.1 It is the most common corneal ectasia typically presenting in teens and early twenties with no gender or race predilection.2 The etiology
…show more content…
JR reported good compliance with lens hygiene and denied sleeping in the lenses.
Examination of the corneas revealed SPK and scratch mark staining due to application and removal. Artificial tears were prescribed, qid. No other findings were remarkable.
DISCUSSION
Keratoconus is a progressive corneal deformity that is characterized by thinning and protrusion with subsequent visual impairment due to irregular astigmatism and high myopia.1 It is the most common primary corneal ectasia and occurs in up to 0.6% of the population
(1:2000).2 This condition is typically bilateral, asymmetrical, with no gender or race predilection and presents in teenagers and young adults.2 Treatment with spectacle correction often becomes inadequate in providing the best-correct visual acuity and is eventually replaced with more advanced treatment modalities such as corneal GP lenses and even surgery.3
Keratoconus can be classified based on morphology as a nipple (paracentral, inferior nasal), oval (inferior temporal), or globus (large, majority of cornea).3 The etiology and pathological mechanism are not fully understood but it is speculated that environmental
…show more content…
The procedure involves replacement of the host epithelium and stroma, while leaving the descemet’s membrane and endothelium intact.21 The preservation of the host endothelium decreases the risk of endothelial graft rejection and improves graft survival.2 Outcomes of DALK are similar to penetrating keratoplasty in terms of visual acuity and astigmatism.21 With a variety of treatment modalities available, patient education is critical in choosing the most appropriate option that suits their lifestyle and needs while taking into consideration patient
Bures-Jelstrup A, Adan A, Casaroli-Marano R. [Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Study of 16 cases]. Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia. 2007;82(5):291-7. Epub 2007/05/23. Epiteliopatia pigmentaria placoide posterior multifocal aguda. Estudio de 16 casos.
To get where she is so far, Candace attended Kent State University where she went through athletic training. Just recently after she finished her major and became certified, she finished up with a masters degree and had a second major of teaching, which gave her the chance to teach while she is at Hoban.
She graduated from Dunbar Junior High School, then went to Horace Mann High School, which at that time, was an all black school.
She graduated with honors from Calvert County Public Schools in 1989 and matriculated into her first-choice school, Hampton University, in the fall of 1989. She resided in the historic Virginia Cleveland Hall during her first year where she made many friends, as she never met a stranger. In her sophomore year, she was named Ms. University Choir. During her junior year, she served as a resident assistant (RA) at the Trustee House. Her magnificent vocal prowess exhibited while singing in Concert Choir, University Choir, and Gospel Choir was only surpassed by her truly genuine and loving
With no treatment needed, glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness in the United States, while simultaneously being the number one leading cause in Africa (Glaucoma Research Foundation). According to the American Optometric Association, “Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases causing optic nerve damage. The optic nerve carries images from the retina, which is the specialized light sensing tissue, to the brain so we can see.” They go on to say that when dealing with glaucoma, one’s eye pressure plays a vital role in damaging the delicate nerve fibers of the optic nerve. “When a significant number of nerve fibers are damaged, blind spots develop in the field of vision. Once nerve damage and visual loss occur, it is permanent.” The National Institute of Health states that due to shallower anterior chamber depths, this defect hurts the lives of people mostly from East Asian descent. The Foundation continues to say that blacks are among the people who are three times more likely to have glaucoma while woman in general are two times more likely to developing angle closure glaucoma.
According to Baily and Hall, while visual impairment early in life is associated with inherited congenital disorders, abnormal fetal devepment, and problems associated with premature birth, most eye conditions are associated with aging. They claim that over 70% of the visually impaired population in the United States is over 65. Age related maculopathy, also called macular degeneration, or AMD, impairs the center of vision in older individuals. The macula is the region in the back of the retina that surrounds and includes the fovea (Goldstein 1999). It is important to understand that when this degeneration progresses enough, the condition constitutes blindness because the foveal area is what is used to focus on something. Most cases do not progress this far, but between five and 20% do. Allikments and Shroyer claim that 11 million people in the United States alone suffer some degree of this impairment, with 75% of those individuals being 75 or older. Seven percent of this older age group reportedly suffer advanced forms. Freidman reports the disease as most common in developed countries.
She attended Syracuse University, which she earned a scholarship to, and won the college short story contest. She graduated as valedictorian in 1960 with a degree in English. Oates then started teaching at the University of Detroit in 1961, and then after a couple of
It is a rare condition that affects 2 % of Americans. Signs of pathological myopia include: Bending or distortion of straight lines, altered color perception, reduced contrast sensitivity, and increasing gloss of central vision. It is a quick severe progression of myopia and loss of vision is the end result. There is an increased risk of retinal detachment and other degenerative changes in the back of the eye (bleeding from abnormal blood vessel growth). If any of these things occur the risk of cataracts could increase. Treatment calls for a combination of a drug and a laser procedure called photodynamic therapy. It is reported to be the seventh ranking cause of legal blindness in the United States of America the fourth ranking cause in Hong Kong and the second in parts of China and Japan this form of myopia frequently progresses in adult life, with small intermittent steps of elongation being observable at any age. The adult progression appears to be due to the stretching of the walls of the eye. Genetically weak elements of the scleral wall are prone to thinning and stretching. One of the major forces at work in this stretching process appears to be the normal intra-ocular pressure (Ward
Glaucoma is a common and important health problem. It is one of the leading causes of blindness in Western Society (Hoskins & Kass, 1989). It is responsible for ten percent of all blindness in the United States and continues to be the second or third most common cause of blindness in the world (Bunce, Fraser, & Wormald, 1999). It is estimated that two million people in the United States have been diagnosed as having glaucoma. Glaucoma is known to affect about two percent of Caucasians beginning at the age of 40 with an increasing risk for those over the age of 60. This risk is especially high if a member of the family has glaucoma or diabetes. Further, there is a higher risk of a glaucoma diagnosis for African Americans over the age of 40.
• She was one out of only six black students at the Sarah Lawrence College in New York where she received her Bachelor of Arts degree in 1965.
Myopia, or nearsightedness, is the most common ocular disorder in the world and affects people of all ages. Nearly 30 percent of the US population is currently affected by myopia and based on the National Eye Institute’s latest projections, 39 million Americans will be affected by 2030 and over 44 million by 2050.
Ogden, C.L., Carroll, M.D., &, Flegal, K. M. (2002). A review of prevalence and trends in
There's a disease that lurks among young children even to this day. It's a direct result of a mutation in the genes that could result in the removal of the eye. Both boys and girls are affected, and one in every fifteen to thirty thousand babies is infected every year (Ambramson, Ch1). This eye corrupting, chromosomal abnormality shows up in about 300-350 new cases each year. It is called retinoblastoma.
This is a very rare complication wherein you may have loss of vision due to surgical complications.
Alabama. She spent her next 4 years of college at the University of Alabama, one of